Iran refuses to relent in developing nuclear technology, despite U.N. sanctions. Rumors persist that Israel is drawing up plans for military strikes. Neither the emboldened Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad nor the embattled President Bush has relented in his war of words. How did we get here? Iran expert Ali Ansari sets the current crisis in the context of a long history of mutual antagonism. From the overthrow of Mosaddeq in 1953 to the hostage crisis in 1979 and, more recently, the Gulf War and the War in Iraq, both Iranian and American politicians have forged conflicting narratives about an "evil empire" lying half a world away-resulting in a mutual mistrust that may ultimately lead to war.
Today’s Iran is rarely out of the headlines. Labelled by George W Bush as a part of his ‘axis of evil’ and perceived as a real nuclear threat by some, Iran is increasingly seen as an enemy of the West. And yet for many Iran remains shrouded in mystery and incomprehensible to Western analysis. Modern Iran offers a comprehensive analysis and explanation of political, social and economic developments in Iran during the 20th century. Since it first published in 2003 Modern Iran has become a staple for students and lecturers wishing to gain a clear understand of the history of this strategically important Middle Eastern Country. The new edition will bring us up to dateand will include: an analysis of the successes and failures of the Khatami Presidency; an examination of the effect of 9/11; the rise of the Reform Movement and the efforts to promote Islamic Democracy; the resistance to democratisation among the hardline elites.
Both revolutionary and reactionary, the Islamic Republic of Iran has long been a conundrum for Western observers. A theocracy that aspires to a popular mandate; an anti-colonial state with imperial pretensions of its own: modern Iran is in many ways a reflection of its struggle to reconcile its traditions with the challenges of modernity. In this book, Ali Ansari takes readers on a journey through Iran’s turbulent history. Beginning with the country’s fall from grace as a Great Power in the nineteenth century, he explores its repeated attempts to modernize in a series of revolutionary movements from the Constitutional Revolution of 1906 to the Islamic Revolution of 1979 and the civil unrest that is breaking out today. In so doing, he reveals how the experience of history and Iran’s encounter with ‘modernity’ have come to define it – and set it on an authoritarian path in confrontation with the West and, often, its own people.
Iran has rarely been out of the headlines. Yet media interest and extensive coverage has tended to hinder rather than help our understanding of Iran as an idea, an identity, and a people, leading to a superficial understanding of what is a complex and nuanced political culture and civilization. This Very Short Introduction presents a radical reinterpretation of Iranian history and politics, placing the Islamic Revolution in the context of a century of political change and social transformation. By considering the various factors that have contributed towards the construction of the idea of Iran and the complex identity of Iranians themselves, Ali Ansari steers a clear path towards a more realistic understanding for us all. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
The first full-length study of Iranian nationalism in nearly five decades, this sophisticated and challenging book by the distinguished historian Ali M. Ansari explores the idea of nationalism in the creation of modern Iran. It does so by considering the broader developments in national ideologies that took place following the emergence of the European Enlightenment and showing how these ideas were adopted by a non-European state. Ansari charts a course through twentieth-century Iran, analysing the growth of nationalistic ideas and their impact on the state and demonstrating the connections between historiographical and political developments. In so doing, he shows how Iran's different regimes manipulated ideologies of nationalism and collective historical memory to suit their own ends. Drawing on hitherto untapped sources, the book concludes that it was the revolutionary developments and changes that occurred during the first half of the twentieth century that paved the way for later radicalisation.
The surprise election of Hasan Rouhani in 2013 has refocused attention on the dynamics between Islam and democracy in Iran after the hiatus of the Ahmadinejad presidency. With comparisons being drawn between Rouhani and his predecessor, the late Reformist President Mohammad Khatami, there has never been a better time for a close look at the rise and fall of the Reform movement in Iran, situating it within the context of the “politics of managing change.” This revised and updated edition incorporates recent work on the presidential election crisis of 2009, along with the election of Rouhani in 2013, and an additional essay on the idea of reformism in Iran in historical context. The study remains then most comprehensive account of the politics of reform and, in situating the Rouhani presidency within that context, it shines a clear light on the pressures and pitfalls Iran faces in politics and international relations.
Modern Iran since 1797 offers a comprehensive analysis of political, social and economic developments in Iran since the end of the eighteenth century. Spanning two centuries, the book provides historical context for Iran’s international relationships and its internal struggle to reconcile itself and its traditions with the modern world. The book presents an overview of this crucial period in Iran’s history, its emergence from the political turmoil of the eighteenth century through to its initial encounter with the industrial powers of Europe and its attempts to navigate the turbulent waters of European imperialism. It assesses the impact of European ideas on the triumph and tragedy of the Constitutional Revolution, which established the political template for the country going forward and against which all other political developments have been measured. This new edition has been updated to incorporate new scholarship and research to make a rounded assessment of recent developments and bring the text fully up to date. A substantive new prequel has also been added, covering the long nineteenth century from 1797 through to 1921, including a fuller and more detailed treatment both of the Constitutional Revolution and the events and ideology that underpinned it. Written in a clear, engaging style and highlighting Iran as a state and society grappling with the realities of the modern age, Modern Iran since 1797 remains the perfect guide for all those studying the history of modern Iran.
Dear Prophet-A Woman's Story by debut fiction author Ali Ansari is a Muslim woman's story and her reflections on the existential questions, "the meaning of a woman's life and the meaning of meaning." In her letters to the founder of her religion, the Prophet Mohammed, the panorama of her life and that of her young son, Hamid unfold. Hamid is missing and while Zarina searches for him she is also looking to understand many things. The narration describe a convoluted chain of events as they move from India to Germany, Lebanon and the United States, ending up in Colorado, where Hamid undergoes the transformation. A page-turner that is intriguing and philosophical at the same time, the story ends in a remarkable set of events as both Hamid and Zarina, in their separate ways, reach a final bend that brings into sight the destination each had sought without knowing it.
Tackle the complex challenges faced while building end-to-end deep learning models using modern R libraries Key FeaturesUnderstand the intricacies of R deep learning packages to perform a range of deep learning tasksImplement deep learning techniques and algorithms for real-world use casesExplore various state-of-the-art techniques for fine-tuning neural network modelsBook Description Deep learning (DL) has evolved in recent years with developments such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), variational autoencoders (VAEs), and deep reinforcement learning. This book will get you up and running with R 3.5.x to help you implement DL techniques. The book starts with the various DL techniques that you can implement in your apps. A unique set of recipes will help you solve binomial and multinomial classification problems, and perform regression and hyperparameter optimization. To help you gain hands-on experience of concepts, the book features recipes for implementing convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and Long short-term memory (LSTMs) networks, as well as sequence-to-sequence models and reinforcement learning. You’ll then learn about high-performance computation using GPUs, along with learning about parallel computation capabilities in R. Later, you’ll explore libraries, such as MXNet, that are designed for GPU computing and state-of-the-art DL. Finally, you’ll discover how to solve different problems in NLP, object detection, and action identification, before understanding how to use pre-trained models in DL apps. By the end of this book, you’ll have comprehensive knowledge of DL and DL packages, and be able to develop effective solutions for different DL problems. What you will learnWork with different datasets for image classification using CNNsApply transfer learning to solve complex computer vision problemsUse RNNs and their variants such as LSTMs and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) for sequence data generation and classificationImplement autoencoders for DL tasks such as dimensionality reduction, denoising, and image colorizationBuild deep generative models to create photorealistic images using GANs and VAEsUse MXNet to accelerate the training of DL models through distributed computingWho this book is for This deep learning book is for data scientists, machine learning practitioners, deep learning researchers and AI enthusiasts who want to learn key tasks in deep learning domains using a recipe-based approach. A strong understanding of machine learning and working knowledge of the R programming language is mandatory.
Ali Amjad was once a recognized name in India’s labor movement. Because of his deep involvement with India’s freedom movement and workers’ rights movement, he was often incarcerated for long periods of time. After coming to Pakistan, he chose the field of labor law for the defense of worker’s rights. He is included among the senior lawyers of Pakistan’s supreme court, where he is well renowned. His novel Kali Mati (“Black Soil”), based on the historic workers’ strike of 1958 at the steel plant in Jamshedpur, is considered a valuable addition to Urdu literature. “A breeze blew from a direction unseen, burned the garden of delight But a branch of the sapling of sorrow, they call heart, remained green”
In 2002, George W. Bush famously referred to Iran as a member of the "axis of evil." The fierce rhetoric highlights the persistent antagonism between the two nations. The standoff has taken on renewed urgency with election of hard-line conservative Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as Iran's new president and his bold resumption of the country's nuclear program. Will Iran be the next front in America'swar on terror? Iran expert Ali Ansari sets the current crisis in the context of a long history of mutual antagonism. Despite the absence of formal diplomatic relations, Iran and the U.S. have loomed large in each other's domestic politics for decades. From the overthrow of Mosaddeq in 1953 to the hostage crisis in 1979 and, more recently, the Gulf War and the War in Iraq, both Iranian and American politicians have forged narratives about an "evil empire" lying half a world away. This mutual mistrust has militated against dŽtente between the two nations--and may ultimately lead to war. An authoritative account of failed foreign policy, this book will be essential reading for anyone seeking to understand this explosive region.
For Millennia The Sages Of The Past Have Claimed That The World Is Maya Or Illusion . Neo-Sufi Philosophy Discusses The Precise Set Of Mechanisms Through Which The Artifact Of The Separate Self Arises And Is Perpetuated. It Shows That There Are Two Outst
I have been writing poetry since my teens and published my first poem in Howard Ely’s Colors of Life (2008). A year later, I self-published the first volume of my poetical tetralogy Life Lines in 2009, followed by Life Lines Volume II in 2010 and Life Lines Volume III in 2011 (Xlibris). In March 2006, I started an English teacher training course at Shokouh, which ended on May 27, 2006. Following shortly after, I started working with Reza Nassiri at Vazir Language Institute, teaching private classes for three months. I am also the author of the Life Lines poetry tetralogy (Xlibris), and I translated the following books: The Mystical Persian Legacy, now on its fourth print (AcePub / Blue Room); The Mystical Persian Legacy (Volume II); Iran before Islam, now on its second print (AcePub / Blue Room); As I See Myself Like You, now in its second print (AcePub / Blue Room); Hafez’s Mystical Language (AcePub / Blue Room); Selection from the Garden of Sa’adi (AcePub / Blue Room); Hakim Omar Khayyam’s Quatrains (AcePub / Blue Room); Hymns of Khajah Abdullah Ansari (AcePub / Blue Room); The Witness of Light trilogy (AcePub / Mehr Publishing); Enlightenment for Life at 100% (Sri Sri Ravi Shankar); and 45 Poems from Shams’e Tabrizi (AcePub / Blue Room). In 2014, I started working with Caspian Language School until December 2014. In October 2014, I started working at Tarjoman Language Institute until February 2016. My partnership with Mr. Ansari at Simin Educational Association began in the beginning of January 2015, ending June 2017. My cooperation with Iran Mehr Language Institute started in January 2018 until May 2018.
“[A] wickedly funny Philadelphia picaresque about a secular Muslim’s identity crisis in a country waging a never-ending war on terror.” —O, The Oprah Magazine Ali Eteraz’s much-anticipated debut novel is the story of M., a supportive husband, adventureless dandy, lapsed believer, and second-generation immigrant who wants nothing more than to host parties and bring children into the world as full-fledged Americans. As M.’s life gradually fragments around him—a wife with a chronic illness, a best friend stricken with grief, a boss jeopardizing a respectable career—M. spins out into the pulsating underbelly of Philadelphia, where he encounters others grappling with fallout from the war on terror. Among the pornographers and converts to Islam, punks and wrestlers, M. confronts his existential degradation and the life of a second-class citizen. Darkly comic, provocative, and insightful, Native Believer is a startling vision of the contemporary American experience and the human capacity to shape identity and belonging at all costs. “Native Believer stands as an important contribution to American literary culture: a book quite unlike any I’ve read in recent memory, which uses its characters to explore questions vital to our continuing national discourse around Islam.” —The New York Times Book Review “A page-turning contemporary fiction that addresses burning issues about the very essence of identity, and without question Ali Eteraz is a writer’s writer, one whose ear for the English language is just as acute as fellow naturalized Americans Vladimir Nabokov (born in Russia) or Viet Thanh Nguyen (Vietnam).” —Los Angeles Review of Books
In Mapping the Role of Intellectuals in Iranian Modern and Contemporary History, Jahanbegloo and contributors examine the role of Iranian intellectuals in the history of Iranian modernity. They trace the contributions of intellectuals in the construction of national identity and the Iranian democratic debate, analyzing how intellectuals balanced indebtedness to the West with the issue of national identity in Iran. Recognizing how intellectual elites became beholden to political powers, the contributors demonstrate the trend that intellectuals often opted for cultural dissent rather than ideological politics.
The MRCP examination is constantly changing, reflecting the changing pressures on doctors in training. Whilst the MRCP PACES examination has evolved with the times, the core ethos of it, to act as a benchmark for sound clinical examination, logical diagnostic ability, common sense and most importantly, the development of compassionate and ethical physicians has remained unchanged.Whilst this exam has often struck fear into the hearts of junior doctors, we believe it is an assessment of progression during a physician's training that should be relished as an opportunity to demonstrate these ageless qualities that caring practitioners should possess.This book was born out of the philosophy that all doctors sitting their MRCP PACES already have the knowledge and skill to pass the exam, but just require guidance in the correct logical approach that the Royal College is looking for.The book has, therefore, quite unlike other MRCP PACES books, avoided any attempts at being a definitive text. Rather, it has focused on the key aspects that the authors believe are required to pass the examination, in particular focus on presentation style. Whilst medicine is indeed an ocean, the most commonly examined topics have been selected to reflect the likely scenarios a candidate will face — as the old adage goes — 'common things occur commonly'.In producing this book, extensive feedback was sought from candidates revising for the examination to reflect their needs. The layout therefore involves a methodical approach with a short introduction, similar to that presented in the exam, followed by clinical findings expected to be found. An example of presentation style has then been produced to allow the candidate to rehearse and practice this essential component of the exam.Doctors preparing for the exam have limited time due to busy work schedules. Therefore, summary books are key for candidates sitting the MRP PACES examination.Most PACES candidates fail the exam based on history and communication stations.Therefore, attention has been paid to:
Allah (swt) has declared in the Qur’ān: ﴾O you who believe, obey Allah and obey the Messenger…﴿ (4:59). Accordingly, Islamic religious life is based on the instructions of the Qur’ān and the authentic Sunna. This treatise brings together around 90 verses of the Qur’ān and 340 hadiths—under the headings of 25 ‘principles’—which focus on the very essentials of Islam, including the meaning of Islam and faith; exhortations of a spiritual nature, such as trusting in the Divine, remembrance of Him, loving Allah and His Messenger, abstaining from sin, gratitude, and patience; and commandments of a legal nature, relating to prayer, recitation of the Qur’ān, fasting, hajj, zakat, marriage, childrearing and good social conduct. Ashraf ʿAlī Thānawī (1863-1943) was a leading Islamic scholar and Sufi from India, whose popularity continues. After graduating from the famous seminary Dār al-ʿUlūm Deoband, he spent his life engaged in the scholarly life of the madrasah and as a spiritual guide. As a scholar and Sufi, he wrote books on a wide variety of subjects, both legal and spiritual, from beginners’ level to advanced, and inspired many scholars, including those Indian scholars who would contribute to the establishment of Pakistan.
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