Stalinism is the name that is used to identify the political and economic systems introduced and implemented by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union from the time that Stalin became the supreme power in the Russian Communist Party in 1927 to his death in 1953. During those years, Stalin’s economic policies turned the Soviet Union into an industrial giant with all industries under State management and control. The State was, Stalin and the Party. Stalin’s policies also brought about the collectivization of almost all the agricultural land in the Soviet Union. Each collective farm was regulated by the State. Stalin was a committed Marxian socialist who believed that it was possible to transform the Soviet Union into a Marxian socialist society without assistance from abroad. It was to be a society without the presence of Christianity or any other religious faith. People in the Soviet Union who opposed Stalin’s policies were arrested by Stalin’s feared secret police organizations. The victims were either exiled from the Soviet Union, detained in city prisons, sent to prison labor camps located in Siberia or executed. No Soviet citizen was immune from arrest. This was evident during periods of time when Stalin purged the Russian Communist Party, the only recognized political party in the Soviet Union. The citizens who were declared guilty of the charge or charges brought against them by the State were labeled” enemies of the people.” Family members, close relatives and friends of the victims would suffer serious consequences as well.
“Why have I been exiled to prison?” It was a question millions of Soviet citizens asked themselves in the latter 1930s and in the years that followed World War Two. The charges brought against those who were imprisoned were decided by the State and the time of incarceration was also decided by the State. Urkho Rukhanen was arrested in 1938 and was accused of participating in an anti-Soviet nationalist organization. The accusation was a fabrication. Urkho was declared guilty, was exiled to a prison labor camp and was released in 1946. Sofia Prupis was arrested in 1949. She was accused of being a Trotskyite and a Zionist. The charges brought against her were fabrications. She was declared guilty of treason and given a ten-year sentence. Both Urkho and Sofia are the main subjects in the book.
Unlocked Memories is a collection of memories that were shared by Russians who witnessed the German invasion of the Leningrad region in 1941. All were children or young people during World War Two and nearly all were natives of Luga, Oredezh, or villages that were clustered around these two towns. Each lived under German rule after the Leningrad region was overrun and occupied by the enemy. The authors collected these memories over a period of ten years. Many of the memories had been locked away for decades; some to spare others from embarrassment, some for reasons that concerned the subject's welfare of the welfare of a relative or friend, and others because it was too painful to reflect upon them. All were recorded chronologically and have been placed within a historical narrative.
The structure of sedimentary basins of the Russian Arctic Seas is studied and illustrated by a number of maps, cross-sections and geophysical models. The calculated density models of the Earth crust illustrate the deep structure of the main blocks of the crust. Five major gas-condensate and gas fields are discovered here: three (Shtokman, Ludlov, Ledovoe) in the Barents and two (Leningrad and Rusanov) in the Kara Sea.Geological and geophysical characteristics of the Russian Arctic Sea sedimentary basins allow an estimation of their hydrocarbon potential by comparison with the known world analogues.Total potential resources of giant deposits of hydrocarbons in Russian Arctic Seas are estimated at 470 billion barrels of oil equivalent. The richest resources are the Kara Sea and Laptev Sea. Less rich is Barents Sea. The relatively smaller contribution to the overall estimation of the resources makes the resources of East-Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea.Development the energy capacity of the continental shelf of Russia can play a stabilizing role in the dynamics of oil and gas production in the period 2010-2020. A key role in developing the capacity of the Arctic shelf oil and gas play is the innovative technology in exploration, production and management of the relevant investment projects. World offshore experience indicates that the combination of these factors is achieved through the formation of international firms and organizations. - Comprehensively assesses the potential oil and gas resources in sedimentary basins within the Russian sector of the Arctic Ocean - Describes the economic and legal challenges to the development of offshore fields in Russia - Explores possible ways and timing to maKe these hydrocarbon resources available to the global market
This book is a brief summary of the course of lectures in Geochemistry for undergraduate and graduate students from other than Geological Departments (chemists, biologists, ecologists and naturalists). It describes the Earth’s structure and some geological processes. The modern geochemical concepts take proper account of global geological processes and the influence of Cosmos. They are based on the laws and approaches of equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The cycles of energy and chemical elements within the Earth are interrelated with the global geochemical cycle. In addition to the traditional Geochemistry course, this book offers Geochemistry of microorganisms, Geochemistry of dispersed systems, Geochemistry of cryogenesis, and Geochemistry of cryptobiosphere. Features: Provides the reader with a general idea of the Earth’s chemical life and its related global geological events Offers a concise and clear description of the modern concepts in Geochemistry, including new directions such as Geochemistry of Cryogenesis, Geochemistry of Disperse Systems, Geochemistry of Microorganisms, and Geochemistry of Cryptobiosphere Implies a wide application of the thermodynamic approach. Useful for students who, though lacking in geology basics, are experienced in chemistry and biology
This extraordinary book charts the development of Russia’s relations with the Middle East from the 1950s to the present. It covers both high and low points – the closeness to Nasser’s Egypt, followed by reversal; the successful invasion of Afghanistan which later turned into a disaster; the changing relationship with Israel which was at some time surprisingly close; the relationship with Syria, which continues to be of huge significance; and much more. Written by one of Russia’s leading Arabists who was himself involved in the formation and implementation of policy, the book is engagingly written, extremely insightful, telling us things which only the author is in a position to tell us, and remarkably frank, not sparing senior Soviet and Russian figures from criticism. The book includes material based on the author’s conversations with other leading participants.
This book presents a complex approach to material composition determination based on the analysis of the joint X-ray spectrum, including fluorescence, scattering, and diffraction reflections. It considers fluorescence, scattered, and diffracted radiations within the common problem of analytical spectrum formation. The complex methods for analyzing the material composition by joint spectra of fluorescence, Compton scattering and diffraction proposed here allow for a widening of the area of the application of X-ray methods. The book will be useful for specialists in the field of solid state physics, as well as advanced and post-graduate students.
Dear reader, if you are holding in your hands the book "Legends of the Phoenix" by A.V.Trehlebov, then in just a moment a magnificent journey awaits you filled with fascinating knowledge about the hidden history of our world and some of the most fascinating societal processes to ever occur. If you have already read a few dozen books on the subject but are still asking yourself the questions "Who am i?" "What is my purpose here?" or "Why do we die?" then this book will become a treasure within your library. If you are still searching for the answers to the age old questions of the origins of life on earth, the origins and evolution of our modern civilization, the origins of different races, the true history of the people on earth, our spiritual growth as humans, or the universal laws of the universe, then this book has come to you at the right time. Through years of scientific study, this non-fiction tractate is written in a simple yet fascinating manner and is suitable for all readers. The phoenix, as in the title of the book, is an ancient Russian symbol symbolizing the rebirth of Russia and the Slavic people. From folk tales it is written that these birds rise from their ashes, are then reborn in a magical flame and appear in a purer form. Since history has always been written by, and for the benefit of the current rulers, disregarding any previous facts or knowledge, we use the experience and heritage of our ancestors which have been laid out in the "Legends of the Phoenix." "Legends of the Phoenix" is devoted to the revival of the ancient, million year old culture and heritage of the Slavic people. The information in this book has deep roots from the Slavic Vedas dating back hundreds of thousands of years with knowledge not yet fully discovered by our modern civilization. Consisting of two parts, the first part "Origin of the Slavic-Aryans" discusses the root origins of the Slavic people, the ancient texts and archaeological monuments, the eon old Slavic ancestry, our beliefs, morals, commandments, and the answers to the mysterious wise tales of the Slavs. The second part called "The Path to Light" discusses the connection and meaning of the Slavic and Hindu Vedas, the stages of the ancient Slavic spiritual belief "Rodoveriye", the meaning of spiritual development, the paths and goals of our ancient societies, the wisdom behind each stage of life and how to get ready for and create virtuous offspring, the nature of divine and demonic entities and their purpose, the importance of understanding your inner self and past lives, the structure of all our energy bodies, the origins of the Vedas, what it means to have a non-dualistic view of the universe, and the secrets of the Golden Path.
The book is devoted to the physics of plasma at high density, which has been compressed so strongly that the effects of interparticle interactions and non-ideality govern its behavior. Interest in this non-traditional plasma has been generated in recent years when states of matter with high concentration of energy became accessible experimentally as the basis of modern technologies and facilities. The greatest part of the matter in the Universe is in this exotic state. In this book, the methods of generation and diagnostics of strongly coupled plasmas are presented, along with the main theoretical methods and experimental results on thermodynamical, kinetic and optical properties. Particular attention is given to fast developing modern directions of strongly coupled plasma physics such as metallization of dielectrics and dielectrization of metals, non-neutral plasmas, dusty plasmas and their crystallization. The book is written for physicists and astrophysicists, engineers, and material scientists.
This book is based on our two books, published in the USSR and translated in a number of other countries Conservation of living nature: problems and perspectives (1983) and The levels of conservation of living nature (1985). It differs from the vast majority of the numerous books on conservation and environment, which are mainly devoted either to specific problems of conservation of certain taxons, or to problems of conservation of prescribed regions, or to general issues of environmental conservation in toto, while the problems of the conservation of living nature are represented only to a small degree. Our book is one of the volumes - at present not numerous - that place a high value on the diversity ofliving nature as the basis for the existence and development of mankind on the Earth. Living nature, besides its own intrinsic value, at all times was, is now and will ever remain the sole, unique and indispensable resource and provider for mankind.
One of the most promising trends in modern nanophotonics is the employment of plasmonic effects in the engineering of advanced device nanostructures. This book implements the binocular vision of such a complex metal-semiconductor system, examining both the constituents and reviewing the characteristics of promising constructive materials.
This book provides readers with a solid understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the techniques used for buried object detection. Presenting theory along with applications and the existing technology, it covers the most recent developments in hardware and software technologies of sensor systems with a focus on primary sensors such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and auxiliary sensors such as Nuclear Quadruple Resonance (NQR). It is essential reading for students, practitioners, specialists, and academicians involved in the design and implementation of buried object detection sensors.
In 1941 German and Finnish military forces established a blockade around Leningrad. Their siege of the city would last almost nine hundred days during which Leningrad was struck by incessant aerial bombing and artillery shelling. The winter of 1941-1942 was especially severe. A shortage of fuel forced the Leningraders to huddle around small wood burning stoves and sleep in overcoats. The freezing temperatures caused the pipes of the city's water system to burst. In November, due to the shortage of food, the daily ration of bread was 250 grams for workers and 125 grams for dependents. The siege came to an end in early 1944, but by that time more than a million Leningraders had died. Svetlana Magayeva, just ten years old when the siege began, witnessed the air raids and artillery shelling and endured the cold and hunger. These experiences were so painful that she suppressed them in her subconscious until many years later when an accident re-injured a wound suffered during the siege brought back her memories. Surviving the Blockade of Leningrad is the account of these memories.
Biological Experiments in Space: 30 Years Investigating Life in Space Orbit covers investigations of plant, algae, animals, fish, microorganisms and tissue cultures on space flights, beginning with the first orbital space station on Salyut 1. The book includes results on the influence of the entire complex of physical factors associated with spaceflight on biological systems, including analysis of the impact of microgravity on organisms, as well as the effects of electric and magnetic fields. This book offers important insights for researchers of space biology and astrobiology, as well as space agency and industry specialists developing future space stations and missions. Lack of gravity, temperature and chemical gradients, magnetic and electrical fields, spectral composition and intensity of light, and high-energy cosmic radiation influence many important metabolic and physiological processes in animals, plants, and microorganisms, as well as transfer phenomena in and around them. Success of future space exploration depends on understanding the effects of these factors on biological organisms and developing appropriate countermeasures, aimed at improving growth, development, and reproduction in microgravity. - Includes results on the influence of the entire complex of physical factors associated with spaceflight on a range of biological systems - Analyzes the impacts of microgravity, as well as electric and magnetic fields, on organisms - Covers pioneering investigations of plants, algae, animals, fish, microorganisms and tissue culture in space flights
“Why have I been exiled to prison?” It was a question millions of Soviet citizens asked themselves in the latter 1930s and in the years that followed World War Two. The charges brought against those who were imprisoned were decided by the State and the time of incarceration was also decided by the State. Urkho Rukhanen was arrested in 1938 and was accused of participating in an anti-Soviet nationalist organization. The accusation was a fabrication. Urkho was declared guilty, was exiled to a prison labor camp and was released in 1946. Sofia Prupis was arrested in 1949. She was accused of being a Trotskyite and a Zionist. The charges brought against her were fabrications. She was declared guilty of treason and given a ten-year sentence. Both Urkho and Sofia are the main subjects in the book.
Stalinism is the name that is used to identify the political and economic systems introduced and implemented by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union from the time that Stalin became the supreme power in the Russian Communist Party in 1927 to his death in 1953. During those years, Stalin’s economic policies turned the Soviet Union into an industrial giant with all industries under State management and control. The State was, Stalin and the Party. Stalin’s policies also brought about the collectivization of almost all the agricultural land in the Soviet Union. Each collective farm was regulated by the State. Stalin was a committed Marxian socialist who believed that it was possible to transform the Soviet Union into a Marxian socialist society without assistance from abroad. It was to be a society without the presence of Christianity or any other religious faith. People in the Soviet Union who opposed Stalin’s policies were arrested by Stalin’s feared secret police organizations. The victims were either exiled from the Soviet Union, detained in city prisons, sent to prison labor camps located in Siberia or executed. No Soviet citizen was immune from arrest. This was evident during periods of time when Stalin purged the Russian Communist Party, the only recognized political party in the Soviet Union. The citizens who were declared guilty of the charge or charges brought against them by the State were labeled” enemies of the people.” Family members, close relatives and friends of the victims would suffer serious consequences as well.
Unlocked Memories is a collection of memories that were shared by Russians who witnessed the German invasion of the Leningrad region in 1941. All were children or young people during World War Two and nearly all were natives of Luga, Oredezh, or villages that were clustered around these two towns. Each lived under German rule after the Leningrad region was overrun and occupied by the enemy. The authors collected these memories over a period of ten years. Many of the memories had been locked away for decades; some to spare others from embarrassment, some for reasons that concerned the subject's welfare of the welfare of a relative or friend, and others because it was too painful to reflect upon them. All were recorded chronologically and have been placed within a historical narrative.
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