Islam in Historical Perspective provides readers with an introduction to Islam, Islamic history and societies with carefully selected historical and scriptural evidence that enables them to form a comprehensive and balanced vision of Islam’s rise and evolution across the centuries and up to the present day. Combining historical and chronological approaches, the book examines intellectual dialogues and socio-political struggles within the extraordinary rich Islamic tradition. Treating Islam as a social and political force, the book also addresses Muslim devotional practices, artistic creativity and the structures of everyday existence. Islam in Historical Perspective is designed to help readers to develop personal empathy for the subject by relating it to their own experiences and burning issues of today. It contains a wealth of historical anecdotes and quotations from original sources that are intended to emphasize its principal points in a memorable way. This new edition features a thoroughly revised and updated text, new illustrations, expanded study questions and chapter summaries.
It has been customary to see the Muslim theologian Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d. 1111) as a vehement critic of philosophy, who rejected it in favour of Islamic mysticism (Sufism), a view which has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. This book argues that al-Ghazali was, instead, one of the greatest popularisers of philosophy in medieval Islam. The author supplies new evidence showing that al-Ghazali was indebted to philosophy in his theory of mystical cognition and his eschatology, and that, moreover, in these two areas he accepted even those philosophical teachings which he ostensibly criticized. Through careful translation into English and detailed discussion of more than 80 key passages (with many more surveyed throughout the book), the author shows how al-Ghazali’s understanding of "mystical cognition" is patterned after the philosophyof Avicenna (d. 1037). Arguing that despite overt criticism, al-Ghazali never rejected Avicennian philosophy and that his mysticism itself is grounded in Avicenna’s teachings, the book offers a clear and systematic presentation of al-Ghazali’s "philosophical mysticism." Challenging popular assumptions about one of the greatest Muslim theologians of all time, this is an important reference for scholars and laymen interested in Islamic theology and in the relations between philosophy and mysticism.
The book is devoted to mathematical foundations providing synthesis and analysis of control and adaptation algorithms targeting modern telecommunication systems (TCS). These algorithms are finding more and more applications in modern telecommunication technologies and they determine the efficiency of TCS. The concept of telecommunication management network is used as a base methodology. The most popular technologies and network management methods are discussed. They include such issues as Common Management Information Protocol, Remote Network Management Protocol Information Base, Simple Network Management Protocol, and Net Flow. The methods of state variables are used as the main mathematic approaches for simulating control tasks. It allows solving the dynamic problems in the recursive style. The decomposition theorem is used for synthesis of control algorithms. Such issues as control algorithms for system observation and system state are discussed in details. The interpretation of applicability for discussed algorithms is given. Some part of the book is devoted to methods of statistic gathering and suppressing of a priori uncertainty. They are reduced to constructing adaptive procedures and algorithms of self-organization and self-repairing for intellectual taught systems. The neural networks, multifunctional automata and Petri nets are discussed as examples. Also, tasks and problems of business processes management are shown in their connection with TCS. Our book targets on students, PhD students and professionals in the area of telecommunications. We hope it will be useful for everybody connected with the new information technologies.
This book is for anyone who is thinking about or already living off grid and wants to learn how to build simple solar homesteading projects to make life easier. Included in this book are complete plans for several projects and all plans include pictures, step by step directions, cost and material list. Also included is an invaluable resource list for homesteaders to find just about anything they need under the sun. 1. a sturdy solar cabin for under $2000 2. a solar panel and generator energy system for under $1000 3. a solar composting toilet for under $50 4. a solar batch water heater for under $50 5. a solar food dehydrator for under $50 6. a super solar oven for under $50 7. a sturdy garden cart for under $50 8. a portable chicken tractor for under $50 x. resource and vendor list for all kinds of homesteading supplies."--Publisher's description.
This bold and wide-ranging book views the history of humankind through the prism of natural resources – how we acquire them, use them, value them, trade them, exploit them. History needs a cast of characters and in this story the leading actors are peat and hemp, grain and iron, fur and oil, each with its own tale to tell. The uneven spread of available resources was the prime mover for trade, which in turn led to the accumulation of wealth, the growth of inequality and the proliferation of evil. Different sorts of raw material have different political implications and give rise to different social institutions. When a country switches its reliance from one commodity to another, this often leads to wars and revolutions. But none of these crises go to waste – they all lead to dramatic changes in the relations between matter, labour and the state. Our world is the result of a fragile pact between people and nature. As we stand on the verge of climate catastrophe, nature has joined us in our struggle to distinguish between good and evil. And since we have failed to change the world, now is the moment to understand how it works.
I hope that this little book may serve as an introduction for some to the very interesting borderland between physics and music. It is a borderland in which the co-operation of musicians and physicists may have important results for the future of music.
This book is for anyone thinking about or already living off-grid. It includes detailed step-by-step plans for a solar cabin and over 30 other projects. This is an encyclopedia for homesteading and off-grid living written by a homesteader and includes cabin plans, solar and wind system installation, solar composting toilet, how to make a living from your homestead, where to find cheap land and much more... This book was designed as an Ebook with links and videos that will not work in the printed version. If you want full color pics, links and videos to work please order the Ebook download or CD version available on Lulu.
If you ever wanted to read a book that describes the history of the world, as well as the origin and evolution of humankind in a nutshell, this book is a must-read. We live in an age of information and technology, and everything we want to know about the world—whether it is related to history, philosophy, science or religion—is available at our fingertips. Yet, the more information we have at our fingertips, the more confused we seem to become. The traditional answers to the age-old philosophical questions about who we are, where we came from, and where we are heading; should be reevaluated and redefined in light of the abundance of information available at our fingertips today. This book compiles all the essential information we need to know, in order to reevaluate and redefine our deepest beliefs. The forty chapters of this book provide great insights into the origin and evolution of human civilization, by exploring the most recent scientific theories of our Modern Age. It also explores all the hallmark events of history, and analyzes those events from the point of view of science, religion and the philosophical theories that emerged throughout the ages. Each of the chapters of this book should be viewed as dots on a map that represents the journey of humankind, from the beginning of time till the 21st century. As you read through the various chapters, how you choose to connect the dots is entirely up to you. But no matter how you connect those dots, the lines that you draw should represent a framework for understanding the nature and history of this world, and our place within it.
While the literature relating to Scottish contact with America has grown significantly in recent years, the influence of America on Scotland and its early modern history has been neglected in favour of a preoccupation with Scottish influence on the formation of North American national identities. Alexander Murdoch's fascinating new study explores Scottish interactions with North America in a desire to open up fresh perspectives on the subject. Scotland and America, c.1600-c.1800 - Surveys the key centuries of economic, migratory and cultural exchange, including Canada and the Caribbean - Discusses Scottish participation in the Atlantic slave trade and the debate over its abolition - Considers the Scottish experience of British unionism with respect to developing American traditions of unionism in the U.S. and Canada Incorporating the latest research, this is essential reading for anyone interested in the dynamic relationship between Scotland and America during a key period in history.
Bringing digital humanities methods to the study of comics, this monograph traces the emergence of the graphic novel at the intersection of popular and literary culture. Based on a representative corpus of over 250 graphic novels from the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, it shows how the genre has built on the visual style of comics while adopting selected features of the contemporary novel. This argument positions the graphic novel as a crucial case study for our understanding of twenty-first-century culture. More than simply a niche format, graphic novels demonstrate how contemporary literature reworks elements of genre narrative, reconfiguring rather than abolishing distinctions between high and low. The book also puts forward a new historical periodization for the graphic novel, centered on integration into the literary marketplace and leading to an explosive growth in page length and a diversification of aesthetic styles.
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