The geometric approach to the algebraic theory of quadratic forms is the study of projective quadrics over arbitrary fields. Function fields of quadrics have been central to the proofs of fundamental results since the 1960's. Recently, more refined geometric tools have been brought to bear on this topic, such as Chow groups and motives, and have produced remarkable advances on a number of outstanding problems. Several aspects of these new methods are addressed in this volume, which includes an introduction to motives of quadrics by A. Vishik, with various applications, notably to the splitting patterns of quadratic forms, papers by O. Izhboldin and N. Karpenko on Chow groups of quadrics and their stable birational equivalence, with application to the construction of fields with u-invariant 9, and a contribution in French by B. Kahn which lays out a general framework for the computation of the unramified cohomology groups of quadrics and other cellular varieties.
The geometric approach to the algebraic theory of quadratic forms is the study of projective quadrics over arbitrary fields. Function fields of quadrics have been central to the proofs of fundamental results since the 1960's. Recently, more refined geometric tools have been brought to bear on this topic, such as Chow groups and motives, and have produced remarkable advances on a number of outstanding problems. Several aspects of these new methods are addressed in this volume, which includes an introduction to motives of quadrics by A. Vishik, with various applications, notably to the splitting patterns of quadratic forms, papers by O. Izhboldin and N. Karpenko on Chow groups of quadrics and their stable birational equivalence, with application to the construction of fields with u-invariant 9, and a contribution in French by B. Kahn which lays out a general framework for the computation of the unramified cohomology groups of quadrics and other cellular varieties.
This book deals with fundamental problems, concepts, and methods of multiparameter stability theory with applications in mechanics. It presents recent achievements and knowledge of bifurcation theory, sensitivity analysis of stability characteristics, general aspects of nonconservative stability problems, analysis of singularities of boundaries for the stability domains, stability analysis of multiparameter linear periodic systems, and optimization of structures under stability constraints. Systems with finite degrees of freedom and with continuous models are both considered. The book combines mathematical foundation with interesting classical and modern mechanical problems.A number of mechanical problems illustrating how bifurcations and singularities change the behavior of systems and lead to new physical phenomena are discussed. Among these problems, the authors consider systems of rotating bodies, tubes conveying fluid, elastic columns under the action of periodic and follower forces, optimization problems for conservative systems, etc. The methods presented are constructive and easy to implement in computer programs.This book is addressed to graduate students, academics, researchers, and practitioners in aerospace, naval, civil, and mechanical engineering. No special background is needed; just a basic knowledge of mathematics and mechanics.
The focus of the present work is nonrelativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics with standard applications to the hydrogen atom. The author has aimed at presenting quantum mechanics in a comprehensive yet accessible for mathematicians and other non-physicists. The genesis of quantum mechanics, its applications to basic quantum phenomena, and detailed explanations of the corresponding mathematical methods are presented. The exposition is formalized (whenever possible) on the basis of the coupled Schroedinger, Dirac and Maxwell equations. Aimed at upper graduate and graduate students in mathematical and physical science studies.
This book discusses the stability of axially moving materials, which are encountered in process industry applications such as papermaking. A special emphasis is given to analytical and semianalytical approaches. As preliminaries, we consider a variety of problems across mechanics involving bifurcations, allowing to introduce the techniques in a simplified setting. In the main part of the book, the fundamentals of the theory of axially moving materials are presented in a systematic manner, including both elastic and viscoelastic material models, and the connection between the beam and panel models. The issues that arise in formulating boundary conditions specifically for axially moving materials are discussed. Some problems involving axially moving isotropic and orthotropic elastic plates are analyzed. Analytical free-vibration solutions for axially moving strings with and without damping are derived. A simple model for fluid--structure interaction of an axially moving panel is presented in detail. This book is addressed to researchers, industrial specialists and students in the fields of theoretical and applied mechanics, and of applied and computational mathematics.
This book is a comprehensive study of the algebraic theory of quadratic forms, from classical theory to recent developments, including results and proofs that have never been published. The book is written from the viewpoint of algebraic geometry and includes the theory of quadratic forms over fields of characteristic two, with proofs that are characteristic independent whenever possible. For some results both classical and geometric proofs are given. Part I includes classical algebraic theory of quadratic and bilinear forms and answers many questions that have been raised in the early stages of the development of the theory. Assuming only a basic course in algebraic geometry, Part II presents the necessary additional topics from algebraic geometry including the theory of Chow groups, Chow motives, and Steenrod operations. These topics are used in Part III to develop a modern geometric theory of quadratic forms.
Incomplete second order linear differential equations in Banach spaces as well as first order equations have become a classical part of functional analysis. This monograph is an attempt to present a unified systematic theory of second order equations y" (t) + Ay' (t) + By (t) = 0 including well-posedness of the Cauchy problem as well as the Dirichlet and Neumann problems. Exhaustive yet clear answers to all posed questions are given. Special emphasis is placed on new surprising effects arising for complete second order equations which do not take place for first order and incomplete second order equations. For this purpose, some new results in the spectral theory of pairs of operators and the boundary behavior of integral transforms have been developed. The book serves as a self-contained introductory course and a reference book on this subject for undergraduate and post- graduate students and research mathematicians in analysis. Moreover, users will welcome having a comprehensive study of the equations at hand, and it gives insight into the theory of complete second order linear differential equations in a general context - a theory which is far from being fully understood.
This book gives a concise introduction to Quantum Mechanics with a systematic, coherent, and in-depth explanation of related mathematical methods from the scattering theory and the theory of Partial Differential Equations.The book is aimed at graduate and advanced undergraduate students in mathematics, physics, and chemistry, as well as at the readers specializing in quantum mechanics, theoretical physics and quantum chemistry, and applications to solid state physics, optics, superconductivity, and quantum and high-frequency electronic devices.The book utilizes elementary mathematical derivations. The presentation assumes only basic knowledge of the origin of Hamiltonian mechanics, Maxwell equations, calculus, Ordinary Differential Equations and basic PDEs. Key topics include the Schrödinger, Pauli, and Dirac equations, the corresponding conservation laws, spin, the hydrogen spectrum, and the Zeeman effect, scattering of light and particles, photoelectric effect, electron diffraction, and relations of quantum postulates with attractors of nonlinear Hamiltonian PDEs. Featuring problem sets and accompanied by extensive contemporary and historical references, this book could be used for the course on Quantum Mechanics and is also suitable for individual study.
The book is devoted to the foundations of the theory of boundary-value problems for various classes of systems of differential-operator equations whose linear part is represented by Fredholm operators of the general form. A common point of view on numerous classes of problems that were traditionally studied independently of each other enables us to study, in a natural way, the theory of these problems, to supplement and improve the existing results, and in certain cases, study some of these problems for the first time. With the help of the technique of generalized inverse operators, the Vishik– Lyusternik method, and iterative methods, we perform a detailed investigation of the problems of existence, bifurcations, and branching of the solutions of linear and nonlinear boundary-value problems for various classes of differential-operator systems and propose new procedures for their construction. For more than 11 years that have passed since the appearance of the first edition of the monograph, numerous new publications of the authors in this direction have appeared. In this connection, it became necessary to make some additions and corrections to the previous extensively cited edition, which is still of signifi cant interest for the researchers. For researchers, teachers, post-graduate students, and students of physical and mathematical departments of universities. Contents: Preliminary Information Generalized Inverse Operators in Banach Spaces Pseudoinverse Operators in Hilbert Spaces Boundary-Value Problems for Operator Equations Boundary-Value Problems for Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations Impulsive Boundary-Value Problems for Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations Solutions of Differential and Difference Systems Bounded on the Entire Real Axis
This textbook is based on a lecture course in synergetics given at the University of Moscow. In this second of two volumes, we discuss the emergence and properties of complex chaotic patterns in distributed active systems. Such patterns can be produced autonomously by a system, or can result from selective amplification of fluctuations caused by external weak noise. Although the material in this book is often described by refined mathematical theories, we have tried to avoid a formal mathematical style. Instead of rigorous proofs, the reader will usually be offered only "demonstrations" (the term used by Prof. V. I. Arnold) to encourage intuitive understanding of a problem and to explain why a particular statement seems plausible. We also refrained from detailing concrete applications in physics or in other scientific fields, so that the book can be used by students of different disciplines. While preparing the lecture course and producing this book, we had intensive discussions with and asked the advice of Prof. V. I. Arnold, Prof. S. Grossmann, Prof. H. Haken, Prof. Yu. L. Klimontovich, Prof. R. L. Stratonovich and Prof. Ya.
This volume provides a comprehensive introduction to the modern theory of differential-operator and kinetic models including Vlasov-Maxwell, Fredholm, Lyapunov-Schmidt branching equations to name a few. This book will bridge the gap in the considerable body of existing academic literature on the analytical methods used in studies of complex behavior of differential-operator equations and kinetic models. This monograph will be of interest to mathematicians, physicists and engineers interested in the theory of such non-standard systems.
This book contains a novel theory of random fields estimation of Wiener type, developed originally by the author and presented here. No assumption about the Gaussian or Markovian nature of the fields are made. The theory, constructed entirely within the framework of covariance theory, is based on a detailed analytical study of a new class of multidimensional integral equations basic in estimation theory.This book is suitable for graduate courses in random fields estimation. It can also be used in courses in functional analysis, numerical analysis, integral equations, and scattering theory.
This monograph looks at several trends in the investigation of singular solutions of nonlinear elliptic and parabolic equations. It discusses results on the existence and properties of weak and entropy solutions for elliptic second-order equations and some classes of fourth-order equations with L1-data and questions on the removability of singularities of solutions to elliptic and parabolic second-order equations in divergence form. It looks at localized and nonlocalized singularly peaking boundary regimes for different classes of quasilinear parabolic second- and high-order equations in divergence form. The book will be useful for researchers and post-graduate students that specialize in the field of the theory of partial differential equations and nonlinear analysis. Contents: Foreword Part I: Nonlinear elliptic equations with L^1-data Nonlinear elliptic equations of the second order with L^1-data Nonlinear equations of the fourth order with strengthened coercivity and L^1-data Part II: Removability of singularities of the solutions of quasilinear elliptic and parabolic equations of the second order Removability of singularities of the solutions of quasilinear elliptic equations Removability of singularities of the solutions of quasilinear parabolic equations Quasilinear elliptic equations with coefficients from the Kato class Part III: Boundary regimes with peaking for quasilinear parabolic equations Energy methods for the investigation of localized regimes with peaking for parabolic second-order equations Method of functional inequalities in peaking regimes for parabolic equations of higher orders Nonlocalized regimes with singular peaking Appendix: Formulations and proofs of the auxiliary results Bibliography
The smoothness of solutions for quasilinear systems is one of the most important problems in modern mathematical physics. This book deals with regular or strong solutions for general quasilinear second-order elliptic and parabolic systems. Applications in solid mechanics, hydrodynamics, elasticity and plasticity are described. The results presented are based on two main ideas: the universal iterative method, and explicit, sometimes sharp, coercivity estimates in weighted spaces. Readers are assumed to have a standard background in analysis and PDEs.
This concise book covers the classical tools of PDE theory used in today's science and engineering: characteristics, the wave propagation, the Fourier method, distributions, Sobolev spaces, fundamental solutions, and Green's functions. The approach is problem-oriented, giving the reader an opportunity to master solution techniques. The theoretical part is rigorous and with important details presented with care. Hints are provided to help the reader restore the arguments to their full rigor. Many examples from physics are intended to keep the book intuitive and to illustrate the applied nature of the subject. The book is useful for a higher-level undergraduate course and for self-study.
This volume offers an introduction to recent developments in several active topics of research at the interface between geometry, topology and quantum field theory. These include Hopf algebras underlying renormalization schemes in quantum field theory, noncommutative geometry with applications to index theory on one hand and the study of aperiodic solids on the other, geometry and topology of low dimensional manifolds with applications to topological field theory, Chern-Simons supergravity and the anti de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence. It comprises seven lectures organized around three main topics, noncommutative geometry, topological field theory, followed by supergravity and string theory, complemented by some short communications by young participants of the school.
Boundary value problems for elliptic differential-difference equations have some astonishing properties. For example, unlike elliptic differential equations, the smoothness of the generalized solutions can be broken in a bounded domain and is preserved only in some subdomains. The symbol of a self-adjoint semibounded functional differential operator can change its sign. The purpose of this book is to present for the first time general results concerning solvability and spectrum of these problems, a priori estimates and smoothness of solutions. The approach is based on the properties of elliptic operators and difference operators in Sobolev spaces. The most important features distinguishing this work are applications to different fields of science. The methods in this book are used to obtain new results regarding the solvability of nonlocal elliptic boundary value problems and the existence of Feller semigroups for multidimensional diffusion processes. Moreover, applications to control theory and aircraft and rocket technology are given. The theory is illustrated with numerous figures and examples. The book is addresssed to graduate students and researchers in partial differential equations and functional differential equations. It will also be of use to engineers in control theory and elasticity theory.
This book introduces recent developments in the study of algebras defined by quadratic relations. One of the main problems in the study of these (and similarly defined) algebras is how to control their size. A central notion in solving this problem is the notion of a Koszul algebra, which was introduced in 1970 by S. Priddy and then appeared in many areas of mathematics, such as algebraic geometry, representation theory, non commutative geometry, $K$-theory, number theory, and non commutative linear algebra.The authors give a coherent exposition of the theory of quadratic and Koszul algebras, including various definitions of Koszulness, duality theory, Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt-type theorems for Koszul algebras, and the Koszul deformation principle. In the concluding chapter of the book, they explain a surprising connection between Koszul algebras and one-dependent discrete-time stochastic processes. The book can be used by graduate students and researchers working in algebra and any of the above-mentioned areas of mathematics.
By bringing together various ideas and methods for extracting the slow manifolds, the authors show that it is possible to establish a more macroscopic description in nonequilibrium systems. The book treats slowness as stability. A unifying geometrical viewpoint of the thermodynamics of slow and fast motion enables the development of reduction techniques, both analytical and numerical. Examples considered in the book range from the Boltzmann kinetic equation and hydrodynamics to the Fokker-Planck equations of polymer dynamics and models of chemical kinetics describing oxidation reactions. Special chapters are devoted to model reduction in classical statistical dynamics, natural selection, and exact solutions for slow hydrodynamic manifolds. The book will be a major reference source for both theoretical and applied model reduction. Intended primarily as a postgraduate-level text in nonequilibrium kinetics and model reduction, it will also be valuable to PhD students and researchers in applied mathematics, physics and various fields of engineering.
This volume presents contributions by leading experts in the field. The articles are dedicated to D.B. Fuchs on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Contributors to the book were directly influenced by Professor Fuchs, and include his students, friends, and professional colleagues. In addition to their research, they offer personal reminicences about Professor Fuchs, giving insight into the history of Russian mathematics.
This long-awaited publication contains the results of the research of two distinguished professors from the University of Chicago, Alexander Beilinson and Fields Medalist Vladimir Drinfeld. Years in the making, this is a one-of-a-kind book featuring previously unpublished material. Chiral algebras form the primary algebraic structure of modern conformal field theory. Each chiral algebra lives on an algebraic curve, and in the special case where this curve is the affine line, chiral algebras invariant under translations are the same as well-known and widely used vertex algebras. The exposition of this book covers the following topics: the ``classical'' counterpart of the theory, which is an algebraic theory of non-linear differential equations and their symmetries; the local aspects of the theory of chiral algebras, including the study of some basic examples, such as the chiral algebras of differential operators; the formalism of chiral homology treating ``the space of conformal blocks'' of the conformal field theory, which is a ``quantum'' counterpart of the space of the global solutions of a differential equation. The book is intended for researchers working in algebraic geometry and its applications to mathematical physics and representation theory.
This book presents a new and original method for the solution of boundary value problems in angles for second-order elliptic equations with constant coefficients and arbitrary boundary operators. This method turns out to be applicable to many different areas of mathematical physics, in particular to diffraction problems in angles and to the study of trapped modes on a sloping beach. Giving the reader the opportunity to master the techniques of the modern theory of diffraction, the book introduces methods of distributions, complex Fourier transforms, pseudo-differential operators, Riemann surfaces, automorphic functions, and the Riemann–Hilbert problem. The book will be useful for students, postgraduates and specialists interested in the application of modern mathematics to wave propagation and diffraction problems.
The monograph is devoted to the study of initial-boundary-value problems for multi-dimensional Sobolev-type equations over bounded domains. The authors consider both specific initial-boundary-value problems and abstract Cauchy problems for first-order (in the time variable) differential equations with nonlinear operator coefficients with respect to spatial variables. The main aim of the monograph is to obtain sufficient conditions for global (in time) solvability, to obtain sufficient conditions for blow-up of solutions at finite time, and to derive upper and lower estimates for the blow-up time. The abstract results apply to a large variety of problems. Thus, the well-known Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers equation and Rosenau-Burgers equations with sources and many other physical problems are considered as examples. Moreover, the method proposed for studying blow-up phenomena for nonlinear Sobolev-type equations is applied to equations which play an important role in physics. For instance, several examples describe different electrical breakdown mechanisms in crystal semiconductors, as well as the breakdown in the presence of sources of free charges in a self-consistent electric field. The monograph contains a vast list of references (440 items) and gives an overall view of the contemporary state-of-the-art of the mathematical modeling of various important problems arising in physics. Since the list of references contains many papers which have been published previously only in Russian research journals, it may also serve as a guide to the Russian literature.
Random walks often provide the underlying mesoscopic mechanism for transport phenomena in physics, chemistry and biology. In particular, anomalous transport in branched structures has attracted considerable attention. Combs are simple caricatures of various types of natural branched structures that belong to the category of loopless graphs. The comb model was introduced to understand anomalous transport in percolation clusters. Comb-like models have been widely adopted to describe kinetic processes in various experimental applications in medical physics and biophysics, chemistry of polymers, semiconductors, and many other interdisciplinary applications.The authors present a random walk description of the transport in specific comb geometries, ranging from simple random walks on comb structures, which provide a geometrical explanation of anomalous diffusion, to more complex types of random walks, such as non-Markovian continuous-time random walks. The simplicity of comb models allows to perform a rigorous analysis and to obtain exact analytical results for various types of random walks and reaction-transport processes.
This volume offers a well-structured overview of existent computational approaches to Riemann surfaces and those currently in development. The authors of the contributions represent the groups providing publically available numerical codes in this field. Thus this volume illustrates which software tools are available and how they can be used in practice. In addition examples for solutions to partial differential equations and in surface theory are presented. The intended audience of this book is twofold. It can be used as a textbook for a graduate course in numerics of Riemann surfaces, in which case the standard undergraduate background, i.e., calculus and linear algebra, is required. In particular, no knowledge of the theory of Riemann surfaces is expected; the necessary background in this theory is contained in the Introduction chapter. At the same time, this book is also intended for specialists in geometry and mathematical physics applying the theory of Riemann surfaces in their research. It is the first book on numerics of Riemann surfaces that reflects the progress made in this field during the last decade, and it contains original results. There are a growing number of applications that involve the evaluation of concrete characteristics of models analytically described in terms of Riemann surfaces. Many problem settings and computations in this volume are motivated by such concrete applications in geometry and mathematical physics.
In this monograph the author presents a coherent exposition of recent results on complete characterization of Kobayashi-hyperbolic manifolds with high-dimensional groups of holomorphic automorphisms. These classification results can be viewed as complex-geometric analogues of those known for Riemannian manifolds with high-dimensional isotropy groups that were extensively studied in the 1950s-70s.
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