Advanced Mathematical Tools for Automatic Control Engineers, Volume 2: Stochastic Techniques provides comprehensive discussions on statistical tools for control engineers. The book is divided into four main parts. Part I discusses the fundamentals of probability theory, covering probability spaces, random variables, mathematical expectation, inequalities, and characteristic functions. Part II addresses discrete time processes, including the concepts of random sequences, martingales, and limit theorems. Part III covers continuous time stochastic processes, namely Markov processes, stochastic integrals, and stochastic differential equations. Part IV presents applications of stochastic techniques for dynamic models and filtering, prediction, and smoothing problems. It also discusses the stochastic approximation method and the robust stochastic maximum principle. - Provides comprehensive theory of matrices, real, complex and functional analysis - Provides practical examples of modern optimization methods that can be effectively used in variety of real-world applications - Contains worked proofs of all theorems and propositions presented
This book deals with continuous time dynamic neural networks theory applied to the solution of basic problems in robust control theory, including identification, state space estimation (based on neuro-observers) and trajectory tracking. The plants to be identified and controlled are assumed to be a priori unknown but belonging to a given class containing internal unmodelled dynamics and external perturbations as well. The error stability analysis and the corresponding error bounds for different problems are presented. The effectiveness of the suggested approach is illustrated by its application to various controlled physical systems (robotic, chaotic, chemical, etc.).
Covering some of the key areas of optimal control theory (OCT), a rapidly expanding field, the authors use new methods to set out a version of OCT’s more refined ‘maximum principle.’ The results obtained have applications in production planning, reinsurance-dividend management, multi-model sliding mode control, and multi-model differential games. This book explores material that will be of great interest to post-graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in applied mathematics and engineering, particularly in the area of systems and control.
Classical and Analytical Mechanics: Theory, Applied Examples, and Practice provides a bridge between the theory and practice related to mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical systems. It includes rigorous mathematical and physical explanations while maintaining an interdisciplinary engineering focus. Applied problems and exercises in mechanical, mechatronic, aerospace, electrical, and control engineering are included throughout and the book provides detailed techniques for designing models of different robotic, electrical, defense, and aerospace systems. The book starts with multiple chapters covering kinematics before moving onto coverage of dynamics and non-inertial and variable mass systems. Euler's dynamic equations and dynamic Lagrange equations are covered next with subsequent chapters discussing topics such as equilibrium and stability, oscillation analysis, linear systems, Hamiltonian formalism, and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The book concludes with a chapter outlining various electromechanical models that readers can implement and adapt themselves. - Bridges theory and practice by providing readers techniques for solving common problems through mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical models alongside the underlying theoretical foundations - Describes variable mass, non-inertial systems, dynamic Euler's equations, gyroscopes, and other related topics - Includes a broad offering of practical examples, problems, and exercises across an array of engineering disciplines
Deep and detailed discussions on chemistry, chemical physics, photoelectrochemistry, photophysics, photocatalysis and possible applications of nanostructured semiconductor materials have shown increasing interest in the matter by scientists representing various research areas as well as industrial enterprises. Indeed, solar energy conversion and ch
This anthology, consisting of two volumes, is intended to equip background researchers, practitioners and students of international mathematics education with intimate knowledge of mathematics education in Russia. Volume I, entitled Russian Mathematics Education: History and World Significance, consists of several chapters written by distinguished authorities from Russia, the United States and other nations. It examines the history of mathematics education in Russia and its relevance to mathematics education throughout the world. The second volume, entitled Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices will examine specific Russian programs in mathematics, their impact and methodological innovations. Although Russian mathematics education is highly respected for its achievements and was once very influential internationally, it has never been explored in depth. This publication does just that.
Neural networks have become a well-established methodology as exempli?ed by their applications to identi?cation and control of general nonlinear and complex systems; the use of high order neural networks for modeling and learning has recently increased. Usingneuralnetworks,controlalgorithmscanbedevelopedtoberobustto uncertainties and modeling errors. The most used NN structures are Feedf- ward networks and Recurrent networks. The latter type o?ers a better suited tool to model and control of nonlinear systems. There exist di?erent training algorithms for neural networks, which, h- ever, normally encounter some technical problems such as local minima, slow learning, and high sensitivity to initial conditions, among others. As a viable alternative, new training algorithms, for example, those based on Kalman ?ltering, have been proposed. There already exists publications about trajectory tracking using neural networks; however, most of those works were developed for continuous-time systems. On the other hand, while extensive literature is available for linear discrete-timecontrolsystem,nonlineardiscrete-timecontroldesigntechniques have not been discussed to the same degree. Besides, discrete-time neural networks are better ?tted for real-time implementations.
This monograph is devoted to different aspects associated with citric acid, inorganic citrates and their aqueous and organic solutions. It includes information about properties, occurrence and technological applications of citric acid and inorganic citrates. Phase equilibria - melting, freezing, boiling, vapour pressures, solubilities of citric acid in water, organic solvents and ternary systems are presented, correlated, and analyzed. Dynamic properties - viscosities, diffusion coefficients, electrical conductivities and surface tensions are examined. Mathematical representations of citric acid dissociation, in electrolyte solutions and in buffers are discussed. Citric acid chemistry - syntheses of citric acid, neutralization, degradation, oxidation, esterification, formation of anhydrides, amides and citrate-based siderophores is reviewed.
Dissipativity, as a natural mechanism of energy interchange is common to many physical systems that form the basis of modern automated control applications. Over the last decades it has turned out as a useful concept that can be generalized and applied in an abstracted form to very different system setups, including ordinary and partial differential equation models. In this monograph, the basic notions of stability, dissipativity and systems theory are connected in order to establish a common basis for designing system monitoring and control schemes. The approach is illustrated with a set of application examples covering finite and infinite-dimensional models, including a ship steering model, the inverted pendulum, chemical and biological reactors, relaxation oscillators, unstable heat equations and first-order hyperbolic integro-differential equations.
This work examines the main directions of research conducted on the history of mathematics education. It devotes substantial attention to research methodologies and the connections between this field and other scholarly fields. The results of a survey about academic literature on this subject are accompanied by a discussion of what has yet to be done and problems that remain unsolved. The main topics you will find in “ICME-13 Topical Survey” include: • Discussions of methodological issues in the history of mathematics education and of the relation between this field and other scholarly fields. • The history of the formation and transformation of curricula and textbooks as a reflection of trends in social-economic, cultural and scientific-technological development. • The influence of politics, ideology and economics on the development of mathematics education, from a historical perspective. • The history of the preeminent mathematics education organizations and the work of leading figures in mathematics education. • Mathematics education practices and tools and the preparation of mathematics teachers, from a historical perspective.
This book deals with the fundamental laws of passing of fast liquid-phase chemical as well as heat and mass transfer processes in turbulent flows. The fundamental laws of passing of fast liquid-phase chemical and also heat and mass transfer processes in turbulent flows are considered in the book. Development of a macrokinetics approach is generaliz
Control of Discrete-Time Descriptor Systems takes an anisotropy-based approach to the explanation of random input disturbance with an information-theoretic representation. It describes the random input signal more precisely, and the anisotropic norm minimization included in the book enables readers to tune their controllers better through the mathematical methods provided. The book contains numerous examples of practical applications of descriptor systems in various fields, from robotics to economics, and presents an information-theoretic approach to the mathematical description of coloured noise. Anisotropy-based analysis and design for descriptor systems is supplied along with proofs of basic statements, which help readers to understand the algorithms proposed, and to undertake their own numerical simulations. This book serves as a source of ideas for academic researchers and postgraduate students working in the control of discrete-time systems. The control design procedures outlined are numerically effective and easily implementable in MATLAB®
This book presents a general nonlinear control design methodology for nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems. Specifically, a hierarchical nonlinear switching control framework is developed that provides a rigorous alternative to gain scheduling control for general nonlinear uncertain systems. The proposed switching control design framework accounts for actuator saturation constraints as well as system modeling uncertainty. The efficacy of the control design approach is extensively demonstrated on aeroengine propulsion systems. In particular, dynamic models for rotating stall and surge in axial and centrifugal flow compression systems that lend themselves to the application of nonlinear control design are developed and the hierarchical switching control framework is then applied to control the aerodynamic instabilities of rotating stall and surge. For the researcher who is entering the field of hierarchical switching robust control this book provides a plethora of new research directions. Alternatively, for researchers already active in the field of hierarchical control and hybrid systems, this book can be used as a reference to a significant body of recent work. Furthermore, control practitioners involved with nonlinear control design can immensely benefit from the novel nonlinear stabilization techniques presented in the book.
Ozonation and Biodegradation in Environmental Engineering: Dynamic Neural Network Approach gives a unified point-of-view on the application of DNN to estimate and control the application of ozonation and biodegradation in chemical and environmental engineering. This book deals with modelling and control design of chemical processes oriented to environmental and chemical engineering problems. Elimination in liquid, solid and gaseous phases are all covered, along with processes of laboratory scale that are evaluated with software sensors and controllers based on DNN technique, including the removal of contaminants in residual water, remediation of contaminated soil, purification of contaminated air, and more. The book also explores combined treatments using both ozonation and biodegradation to test the sensor and controller. - Defines a novel researching trend in environmental engineering processes that deals with incomplete mathematical model description and other non-measurable parameters and variables - Offers both significant new theoretical challenges and an examination of real-world problem-solving - Helps students and practitioners learn and inexpensively implement DNN using commercially available, PC-based software tools
This monograph introduces a newly developed robust-control design technique for a wide class of continuous-time dynamical systems called the “attractive ellipsoid method.” Along with a coherent introduction to the proposed control design and related topics, the monograph studies nonlinear affine control systems in the presence of uncertainty and presents a constructive and easily implementable control strategy that guarantees certain stability properties. The authors discuss linear-style feedback control synthesis in the context of the above-mentioned systems. The development and physical implementation of high-performance robust-feedback controllers that work in the absence of complete information is addressed, with numerous examples to illustrate how to apply the attractive ellipsoid method to mechanical and electromechanical systems. While theorems are proved systematically, the emphasis is on understanding and applying the theory to real-world situations. Attractive Ellipsoids in Robust Control will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students with a background in modern systems theory as well as researchers in the fields of control engineering and applied mathematics.
Classical and Analytical Mechanics: Theory, Applied Examples, and Practice provides a bridge between the theory and practice related to mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical systems. It includes rigorous mathematical and physical explanations while maintaining an interdisciplinary engineering focus. Applied problems and exercises in mechanical, mechatronic, aerospace, electrical, and control engineering are included throughout and the book provides detailed techniques for designing models of different robotic, electrical, defense, and aerospace systems. The book starts with multiple chapters covering kinematics before moving onto coverage of dynamics and non-inertial and variable mass systems. Euler's dynamic equations and dynamic Lagrange equations are covered next with subsequent chapters discussing topics such as equilibrium and stability, oscillation analysis, linear systems, Hamiltonian formalism, and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The book concludes with a chapter outlining various electromechanical models that readers can implement and adapt themselves. - Bridges theory and practice by providing readers techniques for solving common problems through mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical models alongside the underlying theoretical foundations - Describes variable mass, non-inertial systems, dynamic Euler's equations, gyroscopes, and other related topics - Includes a broad offering of practical examples, problems, and exercises across an array of engineering disciplines
Advanced Mathematical Tools for Control Engineers: Volume 1 provides a blend of Matrix and Linear Algebra Theory, Analysis, Differential Equations, Optimization, Optimal and Robust Control. It contains an advanced mathematical tool which serves as a fundamental basis for both instructors and students who study or actively work in Modern Automatic Control or in its applications. It is includes proofs of all theorems and contains many examples with solutions. It is written for researchers, engineers, and advanced students who wish to increase their familiarity with different topics of modern and classical mathematics related to System and Automatic Control Theories. - Provides comprehensive theory of matrices, real, complex and functional analysis - Provides practical examples of modern optimization methods that can be effectively used in variety of real-world applications - Contains worked proofs of all theorems and propositions presented
Advanced Mathematical Tools for Automatic Control Engineers, Volume 2: Stochastic Techniques provides comprehensive discussions on statistical tools for control engineers. The book is divided into four main parts. Part I discusses the fundamentals of probability theory, covering probability spaces, random variables, mathematical expectation, inequalities, and characteristic functions. Part II addresses discrete time processes, including the concepts of random sequences, martingales, and limit theorems. Part III covers continuous time stochastic processes, namely Markov processes, stochastic integrals, and stochastic differential equations. Part IV presents applications of stochastic techniques for dynamic models and filtering, prediction, and smoothing problems. It also discusses the stochastic approximation method and the robust stochastic maximum principle. - Provides comprehensive theory of matrices, real, complex and functional analysis - Provides practical examples of modern optimization methods that can be effectively used in variety of real-world applications - Contains worked proofs of all theorems and propositions presented
Advanced Mathematical Tools for Automatic Control Engineers, Volume 2: Stochastic Techniques provides comprehensive discussions on statistical tools for control engineers. The book is divided into four main parts. Part I discusses the fundamentals of probability theory, covering probability spaces, random variables, mathematical expectation, inequalities, and characteristic functions. Part II addresses discrete time processes, including the concepts of random sequences, martingales, and limit theorems. Part III covers continuous time stochastic processes, namely Markov processes, stochastic integrals, and stochastic differential equations. Part IV presents applications of stochastic techniques for dynamic models and filtering, prediction, and smoothing problems. It also discusses the stochastic approximation method and the robust stochastic maximum principle. Provides comprehensive theory of matrices, real, complex and functional analysis Provides practical examples of modern optimization methods that can be effectively used in variety of real-world applications Contains worked proofs of all theorems and propositions presented
Covering some of the key areas of optimal control theory (OCT), a rapidly expanding field, the authors use new methods to set out a version of OCT’s more refined ‘maximum principle.’ The results obtained have applications in production planning, reinsurance-dividend management, multi-model sliding mode control, and multi-model differential games. This book explores material that will be of great interest to post-graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in applied mathematics and engineering, particularly in the area of systems and control.
This book considers a class of ergodic finite controllable Markov's chains. The main idea behind the method, described in this book, is to develop the original discrete optimization problems (or game models) in the space of randomized formulations, where the variables stand in for the distributions (mixed strategies or preferences) of the original discrete (pure) strategies in the use. The following suppositions are made: a finite state space, a limited action space, continuity of the probabilities and rewards associated with the actions, and a necessity for accessibility. These hypotheses lead to the existence of an optimal policy. The best course of action is always stationary. It is either simple (i.e., nonrandomized stationary) or composed of two nonrandomized policies, which is equivalent to randomly selecting one of two simple policies throughout each epoch by tossing a biased coin. As a bonus, the optimization procedure just has to repeatedly solve the time-average dynamic programming equation, making it theoretically feasible to choose the optimum course of action under the global restriction. In the ergodic cases the state distributions, generated by the corresponding transition equations, exponentially quickly converge to their stationary (final) values. This makes it possible to employ all widely used optimization methods (such as Gradient-like procedures, Extra-proximal method, Lagrange's multipliers, Tikhonov's regularization), including the related numerical techniques. In the book we tackle different problems and theoretical Markov models like controllable and ergodic Markov chains, multi-objective Pareto front solutions, partially observable Markov chains, continuous-time Markov chains, Nash equilibrium and Stackelberg equilibrium, Lyapunov-like function in Markov chains, Best-reply strategy, Bayesian incentive-compatible mechanisms, Bayesian Partially Observable Markov Games, bargaining solutions for Nash and Kalai-Smorodinsky formulations, multi-traffic signal-control synchronization problem, Rubinstein's non-cooperative bargaining solutions, the transfer pricing problem as bargaining.
This book deals with continuous time dynamic neural networks theory applied to the solution of basic problems in robust control theory, including identification, state space estimation (based on neuro-observers) and trajectory tracking. The plants to be identified and controlled are assumed to be a priori unknown but belonging to a given class containing internal unmodelled dynamics and external perturbations as well. The error stability analysis and the corresponding error bounds for different problems are presented. The effectiveness of the suggested approach is illustrated by its application to various controlled physical systems (robotic, chaotic, chemical, etc.). Contents: Theoretical Study: Neural Networks Structures; Nonlinear System Identification: Differential Learning; Sliding Mode Identification: Algebraic Learning; Neural State Estimation; Passivation via Neuro Control; Neuro Trajectory Tracking; Neurocontrol Applications: Neural Control for Chaos; Neuro Control for Robot Manipulators; Identification of Chemical Processes; Neuro Control for Distillation Column; General Conclusions and Future Work; Appendices: Some Useful Mathematical Facts; Elements of Qualitative Theory of ODE; Locally Optimal Control and Optimization. Readership: Graduate students, researchers, academics/lecturers and industrialists in neural networks.
Featuring original research from well-known experts in the field of sliding mode control, this book presents new design schemes for a useful and practical optimal control with very few impractical assumptions. The results presented allow optimal control theory to grow in its applicability to real-world systems. On the cutting-edge of optimal control research, this book is an excellent resource for both graduate students and researchers in engineering, mathematics, and optimal control.
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