The publication provides basic information on the history, theory and practice of qualimetry. The Appendix contains an example implementation of the algorithm quality assessment using a simplified method. The book is intended for all those whose professional activity is connected with the quantitative evaluation of quality and the creation of qualitative techniques: students and University teachers, researchers, evaluators, quality assurance specialists, and HR-specialists.
In 1939 Alexander Harris, a teenager in Lodz, Poland, experienced the darkness of World War II and the Russian occupation of his native country. He lived through a Soviet gulag and the battlefields of Germany, but never let his spirit be broken. He tells of friendship and betrayal, war, love and hate. Separated from his family at a young age, he triumphed over many obstacles, including discrimination and torture. Harris was thankful to arrive in the United States, the cradle of freedom and land of opportunity in which he could begin his life anew. Remaining steadfast in his determination to help overcome ignorance, misconceptions and prejudices that divide people and nations, he worked in the tourism profession to do his part to abolish the barriers between hostile worlds. His father's words, "When you come to a border, cross it. If you cannot cross it, go around it. If you can't go around it, break it" inspired him throughout his life, providing the motivation he needed to devote his professional life to breaking borders and promoting peace via the international tourism industry. His work led to the receipt of numerous awards, including the Ellis Island Medal of Honor.
Nowadays globalization processes have become all-embracing. But at the same time, despite the ever-increasing flow of publications on globalization, our understanding and knowledge of it still leaves much to be desired. Especially it concerns the global processes in general, of which globalization is a part. We also need to systematize our ideas about globalization and Global Studies to somehow fit the realities. In particular, this concerns the education process, because the current state of education will determine the way people will perceive reality in the forthcoming decades. This yearbook aims at contributing to the solution of these important tasks. It is the third in the series of yearbooks titled Globalistics and Globalization Studies. This year it has the following subtitle: Aspects & Dimensions of Global Views. Its authors consider globalization and Global Studies in different dimensions and aspects: philosophical, methodological, and pedagogical, in terms of various processes, problems and perspectives. Of course, to some extent this means that this yearbook presents rather diverse materials. But globalization itself is very diverse. And its comprehension may proceed in the framework of different theoretical approaches and points of view. In the present yearbook one can find perceptions of globalization and Global Studies by a number of scholars from different countries of the world and learn rather peculiar visions of globalization by the Russian scientists and educators. The yearbook will be interesting to a wide range of researchers, teachers, students and all those who pay attention to global issues.
It was a greatest pleasure for me to learn that Springer-Verlag wished to produce a second edition of my book. In this connection, Dr. H. Lotsch asked me to send hirn a list of misprints, mistakes, and inaccuracies that had been noticed in the first edition and to make corresponding corrections without disturbing the layout or the typo graphy too much. I accepted this opportunity with alacrity and, moreover, found some free places in the text where I was able to insert some concise, up-to-date information about new lasing compounds and stimulated emission channels. It was also possible to increase the number of reference citations. The reader of the second edition hence has access to more complete data on insulating laser crystals. However, sections on laser-crystal physics have not been updated, because a satisfactory de scription of the progress made in the last ten years in this field would have required the sections to be extended enormously or even a new book to be written. Moscow, July 1989 ALEXANDER A. KAMINSKII Preface to the First Edition The greatest reward for an author is the feeling of satisfaction he gets when it becomes c1ear to hirn that readers find his work useful. After my book appeared in the USSR in 1975 I received many letters from fellow physicists inc1uding colleagues from Western European countries and the USA.
This monograph deals with the theory of inverse problems of mathematical physics and applications of such problems. Besides it considers applications and numerical methods of solving the problems under study. Descriptions of particular numerical experiments are also included.
Imperial Russia, is was said, had two capital cities because it had two identities: St. Petersburg was Russia's "window to Europe," whereas Moscow preserved the nation's proud historical traditions. Enlightened Metropolis challenges this myth by exploring how the tsarist regime actually tried to turn Moscow into a bridgehead of Europe in the heartland of Russia. Moscow in the eighteenth century was widely scorned as backward and "Asiatic." The tsars thought it a benighted place that endangered their state's internal security and their effort to make Russia European. Beginning with Catherine the Great, they sought to construct a new Moscow, with European buildings and institutions, a Westernized "middle estate," and a new cultural image as an enlightened metropolis. Drawing on the methodologies of urban, social, institutional, cultural, and intellectual history, Enlightened Metropolis asks: How was the urban environment - buildings, institutions, streets, smells - transformed in the nine decades from Catherine's accession to the death of Nicholas I? How were the lives of the inhabitants changed? Did a "middle estate" come into being? How similar was Moscow's modernization to that of Western cities, and how was it affected by the disastrous occupation by Napoleon? Lastly, how were Moscow and its people imagined by writers, artists, and social commentators in Russia and the West from the Enlightenment to the mid-nineteenth century?
“This important new book . . . based on archival material . . . shows the huge extent of Soviet espionage activity in the United States during the 20th century” (The Telegraph). Based on KGB archives that have never been previously released, this stunning book provides the most complete account of Soviet espionage in America ever written. In 1993, former KGB officer Alexander Vassiliev was permitted unique access to Stalin-era records of Soviet intelligence operations against the United States. Years later, Vassiliev retrieved his extensive notebooks of transcribed documents from Moscow. With these notebooks, John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr have meticulously constructed a new and shocking historical account. Along with valuable insight into Soviet espionage tactics and the motives of Americans who spied for Stalin, Spies resolves many long-standing intelligence controversies. The book confirms that Alger Hiss cooperated with the Soviets over a period of years, that journalist I. F. Stone worked on behalf of the KGB in the 1930s, and that Robert Oppenheimer was never recruited by Soviet intelligence. Uncovering numerous American spies who never came under suspicion, this essential volume also reveals the identities of the last unidentified American nuclear spies. And in a gripping introduction, Vassiliev tells the story of his notebooks and his own extraordinary life.
The book is devoted to the study of the correlation effects in many-particle systems. It presents the advanced methods of quantum statistical mechanics (equilibrium and nonequilibrium), and shows their effectiveness and operational ability in applications to problems of quantum solid-state theory, quantum theory of magnetism and the kinetic theory. The book includes description of the fundamental concepts and techniques of analysis following the approach of N N Bogoliubov's school, including recent developments. It provides an overview that introduces the main notions of quantum many-particle physics with the emphasis on concepts and models.This book combines the features of textbook and research monograph. For many topics the aim is to start from the beginning and to guide the reader to the threshold of advanced researches. Many chapters include also additional information and discuss many complex research areas which are not often discussed in other places. The book is useful for established researchers to organize and present the advanced material disseminated in the literature. The book contains also an extensive bibliography.The book serves undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as researchers who have had prior experience with the subject matter at a more elementary level or have used other many-particle techniques.
Dendrochronologists have long estimated the impact of climate on tree-ring growth by empirical-statistical methods. The use of the model is illustrated with examples from widely differing environments, and possible future directions for model development and application are discussed. As forests are the main carbon sink on land, the results are of great importance for all global change studies.
The first book in English language to present a comprehensive collection of integrals related to the error function Useful for researchers whose work involves the error function (e.g., via probability integrals in communication theory). Additionally, it can also be used by broader audience.
An in-depth investigation into Donald Trump’s business—and how he used America’s top job to service it. White House, Inc. is a newsmaking exposé that details President Trump’s efforts to make money off of politics, taking us inside his exclusive clubs, luxury hotels, overseas partnerships, commercial properties, and personal mansions. Alexander tracks hundreds of millions of dollars flowing freely between big businesses and President Trump. He explains, in plain language, how Trump tried to translate power into profit, from the 2016 campaign to the ramp-up to the 2020 campaign. Just because you turn the presidency into a business doesn’t necessarily mean you turn it into a good business. After Trump won the White House, profits plunged at certain properties, like the Doral golf resort in Miami. But the presidency also opened up new opportunities. Trump’s commercial and residential property portfolio morphed into a one-of-a-kind marketplace, through which anyone, anywhere, could pay the president of the United States. Hundreds of customers—including foreign governments, big businesses, and individual investors—obliged. The president's disregard for norms sparked a trickle-down ethics crisis with no precedent in modern American history. Trump appointed an inner circle of centimillionaires and billionaires—including Ivanka Trump, Jared Kushner, Wilbur Ross, and Carl Icahn—who came with their own conflict-ridden portfolios. Following the president’s lead, they trampled barriers meant to separate their financial holdings from their government roles. White House, Inc. is a page-turning, hair-raising investigation into Trump and his team, who corrupted the U.S. presidency and managed to avoid accountability. Until now.
This book is the first comprehensive review of the subsurface monitoring theory and practice. It presents all aspects of a subsurface monitoring system SM-NI to be organized in impacted areas of nuclear industry enterprises. The content of the book covers the whole set of the SM-NI projecting and implementation issues – from the theoretical and regulatory framework, through the description of the sources of impact on geological environment to examples of use the SM-NI to solve environmental problems on the main types of environmentally significant nuclear industry enterprises. Development of the SM-NI was based on long-term research studies including modeling of pollutants transport in the geological environment. The book is intended for a wide range of nuclear industry employees and specialists in environment protection and radiation safety of nuclear industry enterprises. It might be useful for ecologists, students and postgraduates concerned about environment protection in the field of nuclear technology
This book is devoted primarily to the various kinds of resonant nonlinear in teractions of light with two-level (or, in many cases, multilevel) systems. The interactions can involve one-photon as well as multiphoton processes in which some combinations of frequencies of participating photons are close to tran sitions of atoms or molecules (e.g., we consider stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) as a resonant interaction). This approach involves a broad spectrum of problems. Discussion of some of the basic phenomena as well as the pertinent theory could be found, for instance, in such well-known books as the ones due to N. Bloembergen; S.A. Akhmanov and R.V. Khokhlov; L. Allen and J.H. Eberly, and to V.M. Fain and Ya.1. Khanin. The book "Quantum Electronics" by A. Yariv could serve as an introductory guide to the subject. Thus, some of the basic material in the present book will already be well known to the reader who is an expert in the field. There are, for instance, general density matrix equations; two-level model and basic effects associated with this model, such as saturation of one-photon absorption and Raby oscillations; some basic multiphoton processes such as two-photon absorption, SRS, etc.
Following the first volume of the Czech (& Central European) Yearbook of Arbitration (CYArb), the second volume of CYArb thematically concurs that the points of friction between arbitration, as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism are the freedom parties have in setting up the methods and mechanisms for the dispute settlement, and the state organized court proceedings with its obligatory jurisdiction and strict rules. The state organized court proceedings guarantee the firm borders and equality of means regarding the protection of the fundamental rights of the parties during the proceedings. The primary focus of CYArb is the issue of autonomy throughout the arbitration process. The principle of autonomy represents the backbone of arbitration as the ADR mechanism. It provides to the parties the necessary freedom to stipulate the adequate method for the solution of the dispute. On the other hand, the autonomous approach of the parties creates an informal relationship among the subjects involved in dispute resolution. The informality provides room for the autonomy of the arbitrators or that of the arbitral tribunal, be it in ad hoc or institutional proceedings on how to advance the dispute. The CYArb project aims to highlight the (potential) pitfalls of each of the categories of the autonomous parties present during the various types of arbitral proceedings in order to analyze the role of autonomy as a leading principle in the ADR mechanisms in its mutual interaction. The topic therefore provides a wide spectrum of interesting issues to be addressed from the practice and academic points of view, particularly with regard to the comparison of the specific national and international approaches of the permanent arbitral courts. The project concept and editors are drawn from Czech Yearbook of International Law – CYIL. The ideological similarity between CYIL and CYArb is primarily reflected in its concept. The third volume of CYIL is in preparation and will be published by JURIS. The CYArb annual volume will be published exclusively in English with abstracts of the articles provided in Czech/Slovak, French, German, Polish, Russian and Spanish. The website dedicated to the project, www.czechyearbook.org is operational in a total of 16 languages. A vital part of the project is the cooperation with leading figures and institutes in the field. In the Czech Republic, endeavor has the cooperation of the particular departments of the following institutions: – University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Faculty of Law, Department of International Law & Department of Constitutional Law – Masaryk University in Brno, Faculty of Law, Department of International and European Law – VŠB – TU Ostrava, Faculty of Economics, Department of Law – Institute of State and Law, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic In the Slovak Republic: – Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Law, Department of Commercial Law Non-academic institutions participating in the CYArb Project: – International Arbitral Centre of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, Vienna. – Court of International Commercial Arbitration attached to the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania, Bucharest. – Arbitration Court attached to the Hungarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Budapest – Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamberof the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic, Prague – Arbitration Court attached to the Czech-Moravian Commodity Exchange Kladno (Czech Republic) – ICC National Committee Czech Republic – The Court of Arbitration at the Polish Chamber of Commerce in Warsaw
A gripping historical adventure from the author of the Nicholas Everard naval thrillers. It is the summer of 1904 and Tsar Nicholas II is sending his Baltic fleet – a ragtag bunch of old crooks, untrained, potentially mutinous crews and hopelessly inefficient officers – halfway around the world to reinforce his few remaining ships in the Far East. Here the Japanese fleet under Admiral Togo has been scoring success after success against the Russians. Michael Henderson, a lieutenant caught in a forbidden tryst with the young Princess Natasha Volodnyakova on the eve of her engagement party to another man, is offered the dubious honour of sailing as an observer to Tsushima, where one of the most devastating sea battles in history will be waged. Unable to refuse, Henderson will need all his wits, and a good measure of luck, if he wants to survive... Floating Madhouse is a masterpiece of historic and military detail, ideal for fans of Douglas Reeman and Philip McCutchan.
Written by an established scholar in the field, this text examines the nature of emergency powers and their use in the Russian constitution. It explores the use of such powers in Russian history, comparing the Russian situation with those that exist in other countries and discussing the legal thought underpinning such powers. The practicalities and theories of emergency orders are traced throughout history with Dormin arguing that the longer an emergency regime lasts, the less effective the measure becomes. With original research and remarkable insight, this text will be of interest to scholars examining the new Russia, its rulers, conflicts and motives, as well as its political systems.
Modern air and space craft demand a huge variety of sensing elements for detecting and controlling their behavior and operation. These sensors often differ significantly from those designed for applications in automobile, ship, railway, and other forms of transportation, and those used in industrial, chemical, medical, and other areas. This book offers insight into an appropriate selection of these sensors and describes their principles of operation, design, and achievable performance along with particulars of their construction. Drawn from the activities of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), especially its Aerospace Technical Committee, the book provides details on the majority of sensors for aircraft and many for spacecraft, satellites, and space probes. It is written by an international team of twelve authors representing four countries from Eastern and Western Europe and North America, all with considerable experience in aerospace sensor and systems design. Highlights include: • coverage of aerospace vehicle classification, specific design criteria, and the requirements of onboard systems and sensors; • reviews of airborne flight parameter sensors, weather sensors and collision avoidance devices; • discussions on the important role of inertial navigation systems (INS) and separate gyroscopic sensors for aerospace vehicle navigation and motion control; • descriptions of engine parameter information collection systems, including fuel quantity and consumption sensors, pressure pick-ups, tachometers, vibration control, and temperature sensors; and • descriptions and examples of sensor integration.
Alexander Radishchev’s Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow is among the most important pieces of writing to come out of Russia in the age of Catherine the Great. An account of a fictional journey along a postal route, it blends literature, philosophy, and political economy to expose social and economic injustices and their causes at all levels of Russian society. Not long after the book’s publication in 1790, Radishchev was condemned to death for its radicalism and ultimately exiled to Siberia instead. Radishchev’s literary journey is guided by intense moral conviction. He sought to confront the reader with urgent ethical questions, laying bare the cruelty of serfdom and other institutionalized forms of exploitation. The Journey’s multiple strands include sentimental fictions, allegorical discourses, poetry, theatrical plots, historical essays, a treatise on raising children, and comments on corruption and political economy, all informed by Enlightenment arguments and an interest in placing Russia in its European context. Radishchev is perhaps the first in a long line of Russian writer-dissenters such as Herzen and Solzhenitsyn who created a singular literary idiom to express a subversive message. In Andrew Kahn and Irina Reyfman’s idiomatic and stylistically sensitive translation, one of imperial Russia’s most notorious clandestine books is now accessible to English-speaking readers.
(Abridged and translated) Organic photochemistry may be divided into three parts: theory which is the province of the physical chemist; instrumentation which requires the skill of both physicist and engineer; and preparation which falls within the sphere of the organic chemist. At one time the same person could cover all three fields without too much difficulty, but this has now become virtually impossible because the disciplines involved have expanded in both breadth and depth; it is there fore timely to have a separate treatment of preparative organic photo chemistry. There appears to be no review of the main photochemical reactions which includes the advances made in recent years available to the organic chemist working in the preparative field. An exception is the excellent "Photochemical Reactions" by C. R. MASSON, V. BOEKELHEIDE and W. A. NoYES JR., published in 1956, which gives a brief review of the reactions which are important in preparative organic photochemistry. The present monograph on the other hand seeks to provide a detailed survey for the chemist; the author does not set out to discuss every photo chemical reaction in the field of organic chemistry but he does include in addition to those of current interest in the preparative field some which are likely to be of interest in the future and which result in single end-products of known composition. The photochemical synthesis of highly polymerized products falls outside the scope of the work.
The Czech Yearbooks Project, for the moment made up of the Czech Yearbook of International Law® and the Czech (& Central European) Yearbook of Arbitration®, began with the idea to create an open platform for presenting the development of both legal theory and legal practice in Central and Eastern Europe and the approximation thereof to readers worldwide. This platform should serve as an open forum for interested scholars, writers, and prospective students, as well as practitioners, for the exchange of different approaches to problems being analyzed by authors from different jurisdictions, and therefore providing interesting insight into issues being dealt with differently in many different countries. The Czech (& Central European) Yearbook of Arbitration® , the younger twin project within the Czech Yearbooks, primarily focuses on the problematic of arbitration from both the national and international perspective. The use of arbitration as a method of dispute resolution continues to increase in importance. Throughout Central and Eastern Europe, arbitration is viewed as being progressive, due to its practical aspects, and to its meeting the needs of specialists in certain practice areas. Central and Eastern Europe, the primary, but not exclusive, focus of this project, is steeped in the Roman tradition of continental Europe, in which arbitration is based on the autonomy of the parties and on informal procedures. This classical approach is somewhat different from the principles on which the system of arbitration in common-law countries is based. Despite similarities among countries in the region, arbitration in Central and Eastern Europe represents a highly particularized and fragmented system. One shortcoming in the use of arbitration in Central and Eastern Europe is the absence of comparative standards or a baseline that would facilitate the identification of commonalities and differences in individual countries, and help resolve problems that are common throughout the region. The CYArb® project aims to address this issue and provide a forum for comparisons of arbitration practice and doctrine in countries within the region, and in relation to practices internationally. It sheds light on both practical and academic aspects within these countries, and compares those approaches to broader European and international practices. This project will also foster a broad exchange of legal research and other information on the subject. The third volume of the CYArb® focuses on the blurry area which borders the procedural and substantial law. Editors, being motivated with an endeavour to provide the readers with complex insight into the problematic, invited authors of Civil same as Common law jurisdictions to provide their insight and analysis on the problems of i.e. mandatory provisions of procedural same as substantive law, issues of application of law in arbitration, adjudication according to the ex aequo et bono principles, issues of the burden and standard of proof and others. The issues are presented on highly comparative basis provided mostly by practitioners who are simultaneously involved in academic activities. The book is divided into four sections. The backbone sections encompass the doctrinal articles of the authors same as case law analysis of the domestic courts from the region relating to the topic, covering the case law of Constitutional, General same as Arbitral courts of the countries from the Central European Region. The rest of the book covers the news in the arbitration area same as interesting arbitration events or published articles and books of the authors from the region. The new volume of the The Czech (& Central European) Yearbook of Arbitration® : Borders of Procedural and Substantive Law in Arbitral Proceedings (Civil versus Common Law Perspectives) brings useful resource for everyone who is dealing with arbitration in all of its aspects, be it an academic, practitioner, law or international relations student who seeks global compendium on the issue including an overlap to economic and politic aspects of the problematic.
What's the Book about? - Primarily, it is about the developing conflict between Russia, on one hand, and America and entire West on other hand. - The war in Eastern Ukraine is described, in this Book, in a detailed way, particularly, the summer of 2014 and January-February of 2015. More than one chapter of the Book is devoted to the essence of Putin regime and the explanation of its antagonism with America. - One chapter of the Book is devoted to the murder of Boris Nemtsov and major criminals behind the scene. - Stagnation and decline of the Russian social-economic system and suffering of its people, especially in 2014-2015, is addressed as well. (The conclusions are based on multiple facts and figures). - This is accompanied by rapid rise of Russia's military expenditures and the upgrading of its military capabilities. Between 2013 and 2015 Russian real military budget may increase 2.5 times! - The role of China (generally, a neutral one) in this Conflict is described as well. The author is literate in Mandarin, expert in China's Real economic potential, China-Russia ties and China's economic expansion in Central Asia. One of the chapters is devoted to swift rise of China-Israel relations in all areas. Israel may well become an ideal mediator between America and China!
CD-ROM with a simulation system and numerous solved models is attached to the book. Distributed systems are a continuously expanding area of computer science and computer engineering. This book addresses the need for literature on modeling and simulation techniques for distributed systems. For simulation modeling of distributed systems in the book, a specific class of extended Petri nets is used that allows to easily represent the fundamental processes of any distributed system. The book is intended, first of all, as a text for related graduate-level university courses on distributed systems in computer science and computer engineering. Other computer science and computer engineering courses would also find the book useful as a source of practical information for a broad community of those graduate students who are busy with simulation in their study and research. The book can be useful also to academics who give related graduate courses or deliver research-oriented modules for graduate students. Further, the book can be helpful to system architects and developers who apply modeling and simulation techniques as a step in the design and implementation of their systems. Containing a large number of models, with commented source texts and simulation results on the attached CD-ROM, it can also serve as valuable reference book for researchers who want to develop their own models in terms of Petri nets.
The publication provides basic information on the history, theory and practice of qualimetry. The Appendix contains an example implementation of the algorithm quality assessment using a simplified method. The book is intended for all those whose professional activity is connected with the quantitative evaluation of quality and the creation of qualitative techniques: students and University teachers, researchers, evaluators, quality assurance specialists, and HR-specialists.
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