The material world is made of atoms, and the majority of chemical elements has two or more stable isotopes. The existence of isotopes and their applications are well known. Yet, there is little appreciation of isotopic diversity as a singular phenomenon of nature. This book discusses aspects of isotopic diversity in terms of a singular principle: "isotopicity".
Digital Informatics and Isotopic Biology discusses self-organization and the emergence of order at the atomic scale with a particular emphasis on the digital information that can be carried by proper ordering of stable isotopes. This ushers in the concept of isotopic biology as a complimentary level to the "common" biology. The book discusses the area of isotopic randomness (isotopicity) and numerous implications of it for physics, biology, biomedicine, informatics, and other areas of science. It offers a unique and original view and may be the first milestone of this novel emerging area. The character of the book is highly interdisciplinary with numerous philosophical and historical discourses and comments."--Prové de l'editor.
Decision-making regarding the route of access to minimize procedural complications, especially in patients with unusual or complicated vascular anatomy, is extremely important for successful vascular access surgery. Several techniques for vascular access are widely disputed in the context of achieving optimal clinical outcomes. This book discusses various clinical aspects of vascular access to enrich our knowledge and understanding of the contemporary methodology and management of vascular access for a broad range of purposes. In four sections, this book examines the following topics: 1. Vascular Access: Methodology and Contemporary Management; 2. Vascular Access and Reparative Surgery; 3. Vascular Access Failure; and 4. Risk Stratification in Vascular Access.
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