This paper analyzes the monetary policy response to rising inflation in emerging and developing countries associated with the food and oil price shocks in 2007 and the first half of 2008. It reviews inflation developments in a sample of countries covering all regions and a broad range of monetary and exchange rate policy regimes; discusses the underlying causes of inflation; provides a synthesis of policy responses taken against the background of the conflicting objectives and trade-offs, the uncertainties regarding the nature of the shocks, and the additional challenges brought on by the global financial turmoil; and presents considerations for policy.
Cet ouvrage présente l’édition, la traduction en français et l’analyse de tous les documents de chancellerie (en arabe, latin et italien) concernant les relations établies entre Florence et le sultanat mamelouk entre 1422 et 1510. Prenant en compte les recherches accomplies au cours des dernières décennies dans le domaine des études diplomatiques, ce travail corrige plusieurs erreurs et inexactitudes contenues dans les précédentes éditions de ces sources et contient quelques documents inédits. Une introduction aborde le cadre historique des relations diplomatiques et examine les caractéristiques des sources. Un riche ensemble de notes explicatives et un glossaire analysent leur contenu. Les sources publiées dans ce volume constituent le témoignage historique disponible pour tracer le cadre des échanges diplomatiques entretenus par la Ville du Lys et Le Caire mamelouk. This book offers the edition, translation into French and analysis of all the chancery documents (in Arabic, Latin and Italian) concerning the relations established between Florence and the Mamluk sultanate between 1422 and 1510. Taking into consideration the achievements made in recent decades in the field of Mamluk diplomatics, this work corrects several errors and inaccuracies contained in previous editions as well as presents some unpublished documents. An introduction addresses the historical framework of diplomatic relations and examines the characteristics of the sources. A rich body of explanatory notes and a glossary analyze their content. The sources published in this volume constitute the historical testimony available for outlining the framework of the diplomatic exchanges maintained by the City of the Lily and Mamluk Cairo.
This early history of printed literature “delves into the delectable intrigues of Renaissance Venice with a degree of detail that will mesmerize readers” (La Repubblica). This accessible yet erudite history traces the incredible rise of publishing in the Republic of Venice, the Renaissance’s era of global capital of culture and trade. While a number of Venetian innovators drove this new enterprise, one in particular, Aldus Manutius, stands head and shoulders above the rest. Manutius tirelessly promoted the concept of reading for pleasure, and his Aldine Press commissioned the first modern typeface. Beginning in Venice and subsequently across much of the civilized world, bound printed editions of the Talmud, the Koran, the works of Erasmus of Rotterdam, and classics of Greek and Latin poetry and theater began to circulate for the first time, leading to an unprecedented diffusion of human knowledge, and bringing about the birth of the modern world.
On March 24, 1944, Nazi occupation forces in Rome killed 335 unarmed civilians in retaliation for a partisan attack the day before. Portelli has crafted an eloquent, multi-voiced oral history of the massacre, of its background and its aftermath. The moving stories of the victims, the women and children who survived and carried on, the partisans who fought the Nazis, and the common people who lived through the tragedies of the war together paint a many-hued portrait of one of the world's most richly historical cities. The Order Has Been Carried Out powerfully relates the struggles for freedom under Fascism and Nazism, the battles for memory in post-war democracy, and the meanings of death and grief in modern society.
This volume presents dozens of classical Hebrew texts translated into literary Italian. It is the first study of an almost ignored corpus, showing the degree of cultural and linguistic integration of the Jews of Italy long before the German Haskala.
Over the past two years, the IMF staff has been developing a new multicountry macroeconomic model called the Global Economy Model (GEM). This paper explains why such a model is needed, how GEM differs from its predecessor model, and how the new features of the model can improve the IMF’s policy analysis. The paper is aimed at a general audience and avoids technical detail. It outlines the motivation, structure, strengths, and limitations of the model; examines three simulation exercises that have been completed; and discusses the future path of GEM.
La costruzione della monarchia pontificia durante l’età barocca, partendo dal Papato umanistico-rinascimentale di metà XV secolo e passando per la svolta cruciale segnata dalla Riforma e dalla Controriforma, fu un processo incessante che incominciò con l’elezione di Martino V Colonna (1417-1431) e si protrasse durante il pontificato di Papa Urbano VIII (1623-1644) sino al consolidamento dello Stato Pontificio in una vera e propria monarchia assoluta e, insieme, allo sbocciare dell’attuale splendore di Roma come residenza dei Papi. In tale percorso si possono evidenziare due tendenze principali. 1. Gli ambiti sacro e profano si mescolarono perfettamente in virtù del duplice ruolo del Papa, capo di uno Stato italico e supremo pastore della Chiesa universale (“un corpo e due anime”) benché, spesso, fossero incompatibili l’uno con l’altro. 2. La trasformazione del Papato in una monarchia assoluta, unita a una forte centralizzazione amministrativa dello Stato ecclesiastico, determinò altresì lo sviluppo della Curia Romana.
Lo studio della formazione nella prima età moderna di un numero notevole di collegi romani o comunque sotto la supervisione di Roma, dove si doveva formare il clero dei paesi eurpei ed extra-europei, offre due interessanti possibilità ai ricercatori. In primo luogo permetee di seguire le strategie della Santa Sede per diffondere e difendere la fede cattolica in Europa e in Medio Oriente. In secondo luogo facilita l'analisi della cospicua presenza straniera nella città, perché spesso tali collegi divenivano il fulcro di veri e propri gruppi immigrati. Queste due prospettive possono essere incrociate e comparate su scala europea, poiché i collegi romani non erano a sé stanti, ma facevano parte di reti continentali, ben rivelate dalle carte dell'Archivio storico di Propaganda Fide.
Dès sa naissance au XVIIe siècle, l'opéra italien se répand sur tout le continent grâce à un réseau de production internationale, forgeant l'identité du genre lyrique qui devint un patrimoine artistique commun, cultivé par des générations de compositeurs aux origines et formations différentes. Les contributions réunies ici étudient ce patrimoine cuturel européen.
This paper analyzes the monetary policy response to rising inflation in emerging and developing countries associated with the food and oil price shocks in 2007 and the first half of 2008. It reviews inflation developments in a sample of countries covering all regions and a broad range of monetary and exchange rate policy regimes; discusses the underlying causes of inflation; provides a synthesis of policy responses taken against the background of the conflicting objectives and trade-offs, the uncertainties regarding the nature of the shocks, and the additional challenges brought on by the global financial turmoil; and presents considerations for policy.
The aim of this paper is to take a closer look at IMF conditionality in the banking sector. Our analysis shows that while such conditionality became more stringent following the Asian crisis, compliance has remained broadly unchanged, comparing unfavorably with other structural reforms. The results of panel data regressions show that while compliance with IMF-supported banking sector reform strategies has contributed to an improvement in banking sector performance, increases in the hardness and intensity of IMF conditionality may not be, ceteris paribus, effective. The policy implication is that the IMF should, therefore, continue its efforts in enhancing countries' ownership and streamlining conditionality.
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