Spoken on Kurima, a miniscule island in the Miyakojima municipality in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, Kurima-Miyako is a South Ryukyuan topolect, a regional variant of the Miyako language. With most fluent speakers aged 80 or older and the island’s depopulation progressing, the topolect of Kurima faces imminent extinction, a reflection of a common pattern in the Ryukyus, whereupon the vernaculars of small islands and isolated remote areas have been facing multifold minorization for decades on the part of the dominant variety/varieties of the area (Shimoji and Hirara in the case of Kurima), Okinawan, and standard Japanese. Responding to the urgent task of producing a comprehensive description while it still has native speakers, the present volume is the first ever attempt at a systemic presentation of the Kurima topolect in any language. It also uses comparative evidence from Ryukyuan and Mainland Japonic languages to provide new proto-language reconstructions and offer insights into the history of Japonic languages.
This book offers an international reading of the Polish socialist regime’s history in the 1970s, and its opening up to the West. It bridges Poland’s socialist domestic history with critical developments of the global and European 1970s, including détente in the Cold War, western European integration, and globalisation. In this period of international transformations, socialist Poland under Edward Gierek's leadership multiplied its economic and political contacts with capitalist countries, especially western Europe, and became a leader of East-West cooperation among Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and Warsaw Pact members. Relying on sources from public and corporate archives in five different European states, the book demonstrates both that the global political and economic transformations of that period were critical for the decision-making process in Poland and, moreover, that the national socialist elites participated in shaping these transformations. By looking at the goals and expectations of the Polish socialist elites and their practices of political and economic exchanges with western Europe, the book explains the logic which drove the socialist regime into entanglement with the West. As is shown here, this entanglement proved inextricable and critical for the socialist regime's failure and Poland’s political and economic future. This book will be of much interest to students of European history, cold war studies, socialism studies and International Relations.
Assessing and Diagnosing Speech Therapy Needs in School is a unique text that offers practical guidance in pedagogical diagnosis of speech and communication difficulties within educational settings It outlines theoretical assumptions of the diagnosis process and presents hands-on solutions for pedagogical and speech therapy. Underpinned by theoretical knowledge and written by experienced practitioners, the book equips its readers with tools to understand the diagnostic process and make accurate diagnoses based on each child’s individual circumstances. It starts by clearly distinguishing between pedagogy and speech therapy and outlines issues and theoretical considerations in diagnosing these disorders. To contextualize the theorical observations, it goes on to present case studies, and touches upon crucial topics including readiness to start education, tendency toward aggressive behavior, aphasia and hearing loss. The authors also elaborate on a range of selected diagnostic tools to assess specific difficulties in speech and language therapy. Finally, a list of resources, including games and exercises that can target reading, writing and articulation skills to help children develop, are also featured in the book. Highlighting the importance of practical and theoretical knowledge for those who work with children, this will be a valuable aid for teachers, special educators and speech and language therapists working within school settings. The book will also be of interest to students, teachers and trainee practitioners in the fields of speech therapy and special educational needs.
Focusing on the steel industry during the post-communist transition from 1989 through 2009, Aleksandra Sznajder Lee traces the transformation of flagship state enterprises in the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia into the subsidiaries of large, international corporations. By analyzing this transformation at the three levels of enterprise, sector, and national-international nexus, she identifies the players—from international investors and European Union members to national labor unions and local industry managers—in the political economy of reform. Even in the midst of the transition to a capitalist, democratic system, Sznajder Lee finds, the state plays a key role in mediating between domestic vested interests and external pressures from international financial markets and institutions, on the one hand, and regional institutions on the other. Whereas state power may be employed to require domestic firms to operate as capitalists in the international market, it may also be used to shield enterprises from market pressures in order to promote the political and personal preferences of the elite. This book has broad implications for the political economy of reform because it illuminates the political determinants of privatization and the resources used to resist it. In addition, Sznajder Lee sheds new light on why some countries are more likely than others to be subject to external constraints, such as IMF conditionality, and how some allegedly pro-market reformers manage to maintain public ownership over certain industry sectors.
This book comprises materials that may serve as an inspiration to teachers and non-pedagogical employees who wish to develop socio-emotional skills in pupils. (...) There are various concepts of socio-emotional learning (SEL); however, they all refer to the development of personal and social skills, including learning how to cooperate, be empathetic, communicate, self-regulate (manage one’s emotions) and think critically. (...) Socio-emotional competencies of pupils foster their functioning in school and achieving – both personal and professional – success in the future. These competencies may be developed at school. The socio-emotional learning process is not a separate aspect of the didactic process; it is rather a philosophy of developing these competencies during each activity: lessons, project work, and school breaks. *** The guide is prepared in a way that makes it accessible. It is divided into subject sections, (...) and individual modules are not too extensive; each of them ends with a set of questions which encourage a reflection. Particular problems are also completed with examples from school practice. (…) A significant challenge in training teachers is not providing them with knowledge but working with teachers’ personal beliefs. Owing to these beliefs, information is either accepted or not, and the proposed solutions are implemented (or not) into school practices, both didactic and pedagogical. The authors offer questions that are very useful in terms of encouraging reflections on one’s own opinions, beliefs, practices and their consequences. Małgorzata Rosalska, Prof. UAM, Ph.D. The book has been created for the purposes of the EU project Building social and emotional skills to BOOST mental health resilience in children and young people in Europe and funded from the Horizon 2020 scheme.
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