Since the last edition of this pre-eminent work five years ago, the European framework in the international setting has substantially changed. Numerous critical developments have highlighted shortcomings in the European structure that seems incapable, in its present complexity, of resolving the apparently intractable problems it confronts. This book's highly respected author is uncompromising: either we have the courage to establish profound, constitutional reforms aimed at renewing the European Union in the collective imagination or we risk contenting ourselves with merely an economic community with a far-from-ideal single market where even the four basic freedoms guaranteeing all actors, individuals and enterprises, are put under discussion. This revision follows the successful format of the previous editions. As before, the author's intensive discussion brilliantly disentangles the complex interrelations among a vast array of economic factors. As a general update, the new edition takes into account such major developments as the mass immigration phenomenon, effects of Brexit on EU laws and policies, and the OECD's project on base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS). Ongoing matters covered include the following: • issues surrounding the euro's sustainability, especially as revealed in ECJ case law; • lack of power of the ECB and other EU institutions in fixing the euro's exchange rate; • the potential EU contribution to reform of the IMF's organization and substantive rules; • ECJ case law on conflicts in the transfer of seat and cross-border mergers; • the role of the European Commission in the regulation of international trade; • limits to the advantages lawfully acquired by multinational enterprises; • transfer pricing in intragroup transactions; • EU supervision of banking groups and international banking cooperation; • corporate social responsibility' and 'codes of conduct'; and • State aid between competition law and the non-discrimination principle. Emphasizing the complex legal regime affecting undertakings in Europe today, Professor Santa Maria presents a thoroughgoing legal analysis of the prominence of corporate and business enterprises in what many theorists see as the intrinsic 'internationality' of social activity in the current era. Previous editions have been applauded for their unremitting emphasis on rules introduced on the basis of multilateral agreements of an unprecedented reach, within which both States and undertakings are made to recognize and to deal with one another. In the new edition, this perspective, daunting in its scope and breadth, is maintained and expanded, providing a synthesizing and enlightening analysis that will be of immeasurable value to all parties with an interest — academic, juridical, or administrative — in this very important area of law.
Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) have received increased attention in light of international corruption scandals, high-profile leaks about extensive tax abuse schemes, and the continued fight against terrorism financing and organized crime. Reducing IFFs is now a key target of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, renewing debates about both how to operationally define IFF and the methodologies that are used to estimate their extent. This book addresses these key issues, by investigating and schematizing the concept of illicit financial flows and critically evaluating the current models used to estimate them. It book proposes an original flow-network approach through which to produce longitudinal and country-specific estimates of IFFs and the gross value added related to transnational trafficking. It advocates for a reformulation of the current definition of IFFs to one that is more specific and operational, allowing scholars and policy-makers to better clarify the relationship between IFFs, the sources of capital and the channels that are used to move capital abroad. This brief will be an indispensable guide for students of criminology and organized crime, and for the researchers and practitioners working to understand and combat these crimes.
Mechanics of Microsystems Alberto Corigliano, Raffaele Ardito, Claudia Comi, Attilio Frangi, Aldo Ghisi and Stefano Mariani, Politecnico di Milano, Italy A mechanical approach to microsystems, covering fundamental concepts including MEMS design, modelling and reliability Mechanics of Microsystems takes a mechanical approach to microsystems and covers fundamental concepts including MEMS design, modelling and reliability. The book examines the mechanical behaviour of microsystems from a ‘design for reliability’ point of view and includes examples of applications in industry. Mechanics of Microsystems is divided into two main parts. The first part recalls basic knowledge related to the microsystems behaviour and offers an overview on microsystems and fundamental design and modelling tools from a mechanical point of view, together with many practical examples of real microsystems. The second part covers the mechanical characterization of materials at the micro-scale and considers the most important reliability issues (fracture, fatigue, stiction, damping phenomena, etc) which are fundamental to fabricate a real working device. Key features: Provides an overview of MEMS, with special focus on mechanical-based Microsystems and reliability issues. Includes examples of applications in industry. Accompanied by a website hosting supplementary material. The book provides essential reading for researchers and practitioners working with MEMS, as well as graduate students in mechanical, materials and electrical engineering.
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