Both a life story and a portrait of public higher education during the twentieth century, Harry Huntt Ransom captures the spirit of a dynamic individual who dedicated his talents to nurturing intellectual life in Texas and beyond. Tracing the details of Ransom's youth in Galveston and Tennessee and his education at Yale, where he earned a doctorate, Alan Gribben provides new insight into the factors that shaped Ransom's future as a renowned administrator and defender of the humanities. Ransom's career at the University of Texas began in 1935, when he was hired as an instructor of English. He rose through the ranks to become chancellor, stepping down in 1971 during a volatile period when debates about the University's central mission raged—particularly over the question of commercializing higher education. The development of Ransom's lasting legacy, the Humanities Research Center bearing his name, is explored in depth as well. Bringing to life a legendary figure, Harry Huntt Ransom is a colorful testament to a singular man of letters who had the audacity to propose "that there be established somewhere in Texas—let's say in the capital city—a center of our cultural compass, a research center to be the Bibliothèque Nationale of the only state that started out as an independent nation.
As the world becomes increasingly complex, young people are confronted with greater challenges and higher expectations. They are hurled into an age of technology where they are given instant access to new information at a startling rate. This abundance of knowledge is seldom met with the wisdom and virtue necessary to navigate the intricate aspects of life. Thus, in Between Two Worlds, Alan Hidalgo presents a multicultural collection of ten novels tailored for young adults that abound with timeless truths that will never fade. In this unique anthology, Hidalgo seeks to inspire others to seek a life of purpose and meaning by offering profound insights into human behavior. Insights which guide multiculturalism not as an ideology where all cultural aspects must be accepted and approved, but instead which lead to universal truths that result in a broader worldview, enabling readers to openly and objectively perceive both the beauty and the ugliness found in all nationalities. Each of the ten novels contains an intriguing plot that brings the reader face-to-face with a diverse collection of fictional characters as they search for identity, honesty, and courage amidst a world often characterized by confusion, deceit, and fear. The Between Two Worlds Anthology is a multilingual literary work distinguished by its realistic fiction and life relevance. It is also the foundational text for the classroom resources Between Two Worlds Student Workbook and Between Two Worlds Instructor Manual, which are ideal for secondary and postsecondary educational levels.
New York Times bestselling author! One of America’s most respected legal scholars—a Democrat—explains why impeachment proceedings against Donald Trump would be a bad idea for America. In the 2018 New York Times bestseller The Case Against Impeaching Trump, Alan Dershowitz lamented how American political discourse has devolved into hypocrisy and the criminalization of political differences in the rush to impeach President Trump. Arguments to impeach Trump failed Dershowitz’s “shoe on the other foot test,” or his political golden rule: Democrats must do unto Republicans what they would have Republicans do unto them, and vice versa. Since then, we’ve only become more divided—and the impeachment power wielded by the Democratic majority in the House of Representative threatens to further polarize the country. The Case Against the Democratic House Impeaching Trump includes and expands upon Dershowitz’s 2018 book. It puts recent political events, including the hyper-partisan Kavanaugh hearings, the unrestrained power of the Mueller investigation, and the generally intolerant current political discourse, into context. American democracy, Dershowitz argues, is suffering from political hypocrisy. And two years of impeachment proceedings brought by the House, and the media circus that would undoubtedly surround them, is clearly not the answer. This book is Alan Dershowitz’s plea for honest dialogue, for arguments that would be made even if the shoe was on the other foot.
Called "spellbinding" (Scientific American) and "thrilling...a future classic of popular science" (PW), the up close, inside story of the greatest space exploration project of our time, New Horizons’ mission to Pluto, as shared with David Grinspoon by mission leader Alan Stern and other key players. On July 14, 2015, something amazing happened. More than 3 billion miles from Earth, a small NASA spacecraft called New Horizons screamed past Pluto at more than 32,000 miles per hour, focusing its instruments on the long mysterious icy worlds of the Pluto system, and then, just as quickly, continued on its journey out into the beyond. Nothing like this has occurred in a generation—a raw exploration of new worlds unparalleled since NASA’s Voyager missions to Uranus and Neptune—and nothing quite like it is planned to happen ever again. The photos that New Horizons sent back to Earth graced the front pages of newspapers on all 7 continents, and NASA’s website for the mission received more than 2 billion hits in the days surrounding the flyby. At a time when so many think that our most historic achievements are in the past, the most distant planetary exploration ever attempted not only succeeded in 2015 but made history and captured the world’s imagination. How did this happen? Chasing New Horizons is the story of the men and women behind this amazing mission: of their decades-long commitment and persistence; of the political fights within and outside of NASA; of the sheer human ingenuity it took to design, build, and fly the mission; and of the plans for New Horizons’ next encounter, 1 billion miles past Pluto in 2019. Told from the insider’s perspective of mission leader Dr. Alan Stern and others on New Horizons, and including two stunning 16-page full-color inserts of images, Chasing New Horizons is a riveting account of scientific discovery, and of how much we humans can achieve when people focused on a dream work together toward their incredible goal.
The Un-Natural opens with a radio broadcast of a major league baseball game. Eighteen-year-old pitching phenomenon Josh Brady has been brought up from the team's triple A affiliate to fill in for injured pitchers. It's only been weeks since he showed up as a walk-on at an open tryout, and his farm team pitching coach worries this move could cause more harm than good. Much to everyone's surprise, Josh pitches a perfect no-hit game and gets three extra base hits, including a grand slam homer in his first major league at bat! After his stellar performance, no one wants to send Josh back to the minors. He's surrounded by sports writers clamoring for more information. But Josh Brady isn't who he appears to be. In fact, he was born Raymond Fitzpatrick nearly eight decades ago during the great depression. Raised by his single mother in Paterson, New Jersey, Raymond was often left to entertain himself. He became a great baseball fan, but lacking athletic ability, was always picked last. Undaunted, he played whenever he could. Raymond was often the butt of bullying and was told he wasn't very bright. A school assignment led to his second lifelong love, which was science fiction. How did Raymond become Josh? Find out in The Un-Natural, a story that's a winner in every way! Michael Alan Grapin is a retail merchant in Paramus, New Jersey. He married his high school sweetheart and is an avid baseball fan. "Much like the main character in my book, I was born and raised in New Jersey and have lived here my entire life." Publisher's website: http: //sbprabooks.com/MichaelAlanGrapin
Winner of the Society for Theatre Research Book Prize 2020 Vivien Leigh was perhaps the most iconic actress of the twentieth century. As Scarlett O'Hara and Blanche Du Bois she took on some of the most pivotal roles in cinema history. Yet she was also a talented theatre actress with West End and Broadway plaudits to her name. In this ground-breaking new biography, Alan Strachan provides a completely new full-life portrait of Leigh, covering both her professional and personal life. Using previously unseen sources from her archive, recently acquired by the V&A, he sheds new light on her fractious relationship with Laurence Olivier, based on their letters and diaries, as well as on the bipolar disorder which so affected her later life and work. Revealing new aspects of her early life as well as providing glimpses behind-the-scenes of the filming of Gone with the Wind and A Streetcar Named Desire, this book provides the essential and comprehensive life-story of one of the twentieth century's greatest actresses.
Get yourself paid and broaden your skillset with this everyday guide to side hustles The gig economy is growing by leaps and bounds, partly because it’s easier to find a flexible work-life balance. Those of us who don't want to leave our full-time jobs, however, can still grab a piece of excitement and extra income for ourselves by starting a side hustle. Or you can bundle your own personalized set of side hustles to replace your full-time job and take full control of your professional life. Whether you're thinking about driving for Uber, developing apps, or starting an online boutique, Side Hustles For Dummies walks you through every step of the way of starting your own side gig. You'll learn about how to structure your new business and keep records, create backup plans, and steer clear of scams. You'll also: Find out whether you need investment capital and learn what your new time commitments will be Learn to create a business plan and patch any holes in it before you get started Discover how to incorporate a vibrant side hustle into your already busy life Learn how to adjust your side hustle to meet changes in your personal life and the overall business climate Side hustles are for everyone, from high school and college students to full-time professionals to retirees. If you've been looking for an excuse to pursue your latest passion, hobby, or interest—or you're just in the market for some extra income—Side Hustles For Dummies is the easy-to-read, no-nonsense guide to creating a rewarding and engaging new life.
In the USA Today–bestselling author’s “addictive second Karen Vail thriller,” the FBI profiler tracks a serial killer through California wine country (Publishers Weekly). In this follow-up to the standout bestseller The 7th Victim, Karen Vail ventures to Napa Valley, where a serial killer has been crushing his victims’ windpipes and leaving their bodies in caves. But when the Crush Killer learns that an FBI profiler has joined the Major Crimes Task Force, the newfound attention emboldens him, and he sets in motion a plan that wreaks havoc on the town—as well as the task force. Although a sudden break in the case helps Vail zero in on the identity of the killer, she senses that something isn’t right. If she doesn’t figure it out in time, the consequences will be dire. In a rousing climax that leaves readers breathless, and which Publishers Weekly termed a “shockeroo ending,” Vail must pick up the pieces—and clean up the carnage left behind by the Crush Killer. Meticulously researched during years of work with the FBI’s Behavioral Analysis Unit, this high-velocity thriller from national bestselling author Alan Jacobson features the kind of edge-of-your-seat ending that inspired Nelson DeMille to call Jacobson “a hell of a writer.” Crush is the first installment of a two-part story that concludes with Velocity, book three in the Karen Vail Series.
Principles of Molecular Virology, Fourth Edition provides an essential introduction to modern virology in a clear and concise manner. It is a highly enjoyable and readable text with numerous illustrations that enhance the reader's understanding of important principles.* New material on virus structure, virus evolution, zoonoses, bushmeat, SARS and bioterrorism * Standard version includes CD-ROM with FLASH animations, virtual interactive tutorials and experiments, self-assessment questions, useful online resources, along with the glossary, classification of subcellular infectious agents and history of virology
President Abraham Lincoln is known as the Great Emancipator, the Savior of the Union, and an American martyr to the people who read about him. But that was not how his sons knew him. Presidential historian Alan Manning invites readers to see not the thoughtful, burdened president delivering the Gettysburg Address to a war-torn nation, but a man quietly reading bedtime stories to his sleepy-eyed sons; and not the resolute commander-in-chief seeking out winning generals and forming war policy, but a man wrestling with his own grown son’s desire to join the army and go off to war. A combination of history, biography, and family culture, this book follows Lincoln from his growing law practice in Springfield through the turbulent war years in the White House, highlighting the same challenges that many fathers face today: balancing a successful career with paternal responsibilities—a perspective largely ignored by previous Lincoln biographers, thus helping to complete the portrait of one of the most popular, significant, and complex figures in American history.
COLLECTION 4: POETRY AND M.U.P. (made up people)...venture into the spirit of fiction and beyond. filled with plays poems and stories. so sit back and eat this book.
Ease Emotional Pain. End Aloneness. Find Self-LoveSM Filled with warmth, empathy, and hope, Becoming Whole systematically teaches you how to ease emotional pain in your life and in the lives of those you care about. Powerfully illustrated by “sessions”—stories of patients in treatment—and for the first time unveiling what goes on inside the heart and mind of a psychotherapist as they heal a patient’s tangled heart, Becoming Whole is devoted to helping · Someone suffering from emotional distress that just won’t go away · Patients in treatment who have not fully recovered · Anyone wanting to improve their love relations Insightful, powerful, and revealing, Becoming Whole is not only a healing companion, but a valuable life companion as well. Proceeds from your purchase of this book will be used to directly help victims of child abuse.
Joseph Daniels narrates his family’s origins, beginning with their arrival from England among the 1820 Settlers that landed in Cape Town, South Africa. Starting with nothing except a plot of land and the promise of prosperity in the Dark Continent, his ancestors John Henry and Kathleen Daniels, build a legacy that will intertwine their European heritage and that of the Black, indigenous people of Africa. Generations later, their mixed-race descendant Joseph Daniels, born in the turbulent years leading up to Zimbabwe’s independence in 1980, strives to adapt to an environment rife with racial contradictions, political tension, and violence. Joseph shares the tender, harrowing, and humorous moments of his family’s lives, set against a backdrop of Zimbabwe and South Africa’s rich culture and history. Starting with the clash of African kings in Southern Africa, Joseph’s multigenerational tale moves through European colonization, the Rhodesian Civil War, Zimbabwe’s independence, and Robert Mugabe’s long presidency. By the time Joseph comes of age in the 1990s, he must navigate the complexity of his mixed-race Coloured identity while seeking to establish his generational inheritance and legacy. An episodic novel that sweeps across the centuries, Once Upon a Time in Zimbabwe is replete with historical detail and unforgettable characters. At turns adventurous, romantic, thrilling, and heartbreaking, the story of Joseph Daniels and his family is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit.
From the best-selling author of A Deep Breath of Life In times of challenge as well as ease, we all need a helping hand to stay on top of our game, make successful decisions, and find peace of mind in the midst of people and events that might distract us. This collection of inspiring, poignant, and humorous real-life stories, coupled with uplifting insights, will show you how to keep your head on straight and your heart open no matter where you are or what you’re doing. In his uniquely warm and down-to-earth way, Alan Cohen teaches you through meaningful examples that you’re in the perfect position to use your talents and assets to turn your life into all you want it to be. Each day-of-the-year entry contains a theme, an elegant quotation, a true-to-life anecdote, a short lesson, a question for self-study, and an empowering affirmation. In the tradition of Alan’s highly popular and award-winning book A Deep Breath of Life, you can use this book on a daily basis for a potent uplift and gain valuable tools to feel better, create career and financial success, deepen the quality of all of your relationships, and find personal fulfillment that lifts you far beyond what you’ve known in the past.
Photographs by a team of photographers who traveled across the United States documenting America's experience of the Great Depression and World War II.
Based on primary source documents, this historical study establishes the interconnections between private violence and political, social, and economic life in New York from 1930-1950. By describing and analyzing both the social world and social system of organized crime, Block provides a new perspective, one based on racial and ethnic stereotypes. The book provides a penetrating look at one of the most misunderstood aspects of American society, important for historians, criminologists and sociologists.
Though the digression closing Simplicius’ commentary on Aristotle’s De caelo 2.12 has long been misread as a history of early Greek planetary theory, it is in fact a creative reading of Aristotle to maintain the authority of the De caelo as a sacred text in Late Platonism and to refute the polemic mounted by the Christian, John Philoponus. This book shows that the critical question forced on Simplicius was whether his school’s acceptance of Ptolemy’s planetary hypotheses entailed a rejection of Aristotle’s argument that the heavens are made of a special matter that moves by nature in a circle about the center of the cosmos and, thus, a repudiation of the thesis that the cosmos is uncreated and everlasting.
From the acclaimed Vanity Fair and GQ journalist–an unprecedented, in-depth portrait of the man whose return to Apple precipitated one of the biggest turnarounds in business history. With a new epilogue on Apple’s future survival in today’s roller-coaster economy, here is the revealing biography that blew away the critics and stirred controversy within industry and media circles around the country.
A brilliant lawyer...A new and very important book. I would encourage all people...to read!"—President Donald J. Trump “Absolutely amazing…. If you care about justice...read this book.”—Sean Hannity “Maybe the question isn’t what happened to Alan Dershowitz. Maybe it’s what happened to everyone else.”—Politico Alan Dershowitz has been called “one of the most prominent and consistent defenders of civil liberties in America” by Politico and “the nation’s most peripatetic civil liberties lawyer and one of its most distinguished defenders of individual rights” by Newsweek. Yet he has come under partisan fire for applying those same principles to Donald Trump during the course of his many appearances in national media outlets as an expert resource on civil liberties and constitutional law. The Case Against Removing Trump seeks to reorient the debate over impeachment to the same standard that Dershowitz has continued to uphold for decades: the law of the United States of America, as established by the Constitution. In the author’s own words: “In the fervor to impeach President Trump, his political enemies have ignored the text of the Constitution. As a civil libertarian who voted against Trump, I remind those who would impeach him not to run roughshod over a document that has protected us all for two and a quarter centuries. In this case against impeachment, I make arguments similar to those I made against the impeachment of President Bill Clinton (and that I would be making had Hillary Clinton been elected and Republicans were seeking to impeach her). Impeachment and removal of a president are not entirely political decisions by Congress. Every member takes an oath to uphold the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution sets out specific substantive criteria that MUST be met. I am thrilled to contribute to this important debate and especially that my book will be so quickly available to readers so they can make up their own minds.”
The renowned attorney and bestselling author reveals how notable trials throughout our history have helped to shape our nation. Offering insights into the human condition, these trials serve as a historical document, chronicling the struggles and passions of their time.
*Broad-based survey of trans-Atlantic black culture*Newest book in the popular Black Atlantic seriesRadical Narratives of the Black Atlantic is a multi-faceted and interdisciplinary take on trans-Atlantic black culture. Alan Rice engages fully with Paul Gilroy's paradigm of the Black Atlantic through examination of a broad array of cultural genres including music, dance, folklore and oral literature, fine art, material culture, film and literature. The aspects of black culture under discussion range from black British gravesites to sea shanties, from the novels of Toni Morrison to the paintings of the Zanzibar born black British artist Lubaina Himid and from King Kong to the travels of Frederick Douglass and Paul Robeson. The book places such figures as the African American traveller and Barbary slave narrator Robert Adams and the West Indian slave narrator Mary Prince in a Black Atlantic context that explicates them fully. A chapter on the Titanic disaster shows how diasporan Africans composed oral poems about the disaster to criticise the discriminatory practices of its owners and racial imperialism. Overall, the book argues for the crucial importance of Black Atlantic cultures in the formation of our modern world. Moreover, it argues that looking at Black culture and history through a national lens is distorting and reductive.
Underneath the city of Springfield, Missouri, in the caves and tunnels around downtown, lives a dark community all its own. And as Detective Booger McClain discovers: above ground isn’t much different. As McClain searches for answers in a famous local homicide case, he and his wife, Rose, run straight into his old nemesis, The Order, a secretive group of wealthy men who hold tremendous power and influence. And this time, The Order is hellbent on destroying the nosy Ozarks’ detective for good before he learns too much. Will what’s hidden in the darkness stay hidden? Will the light of truth win out in the end? When even good friends are foes, who can Booger turn to? Luckily, McClain has an ace up his sleeve. Nobody messes with Rose’s man.
Lincoln was a complicated man; unassuming but ambitious, honest but wily, humorous but occasionally despondent, spiritual but not religious, and he thought slavery was evil but condoned its legality until late in his life. The author, as narrator, tells of Lincoln’s magnanimity in both victory and defeat, his continual quest for self-improvement, his personal tragedies, and his compassion in the midst of war. However, Lincoln was a pragmatic politician who pushed the Emancipation Proclamation although it did not free many slaves, used patronage to secure votes, and ordered the extraordinary use of Presidential War Powers. His life story is told in a generally chronological series of chapters focused on a time or specific event in Lincoln’s life from his childhood to his time in New Salem on his own, his “adventure in the Law,” his close relationship with friends, his political career, his family, his unlikely rise to become President of the United States, and the monumental decisions he faced during the Civil War. There are over 16,000 books about Lincoln registered with the Library of Congress ranging from those which only extol his virtues (and he had many) to those which attempt to “de-myth” his legacy by exaggerating his faults (and he had a few). The fact is that Lincoln’s life defies simple characterizations. He had opposed President Polk’s “Unconstitutional use of power” during the Mexican War, but Lincoln later assumed War Powers beyond Polk’s or any other previous President. He was known as “Honest Abe” and even political opponents remarked that “his cards were always face-up,” but he once intentionally misled Congress. He agonized over the carnage inflicted on both sides of the War, but continually ordered his Generals to “push the fight” to the Southern armies. To Lincoln, however, these actions were not “transgressions” but strategies necessary to end the War and to achieve his overarching goal, the preservation of the Union. The issues of slavery, secession and the Civil War are discussed to explore the effect of certain events on Lincoln and the life-changing decisions he made. Lincoln’s personal and political philosophy toward slavery evolved over time, but he always believed secession was illegal and must be prohibited. Selected Civil War battles and the Generals who were in command are also presented, but only if there was a direct impact on Lincoln personally or on his management of the War. Mr. Dorris chose to not include a detailed account of the assassination conspiracy against Lincoln or the circumstance of his death, focusing instead on his life and the way he lived it. While every attempt was made to be historically accurate, Mr. Dorris chose to not present a history textbook with every page interrupted by footnotes to prove authenticity. Instead this narrative utilizes verifiable consensus information about Lincoln and it does not attempt to “plow new ground” by either challenging or embellishing Lincoln’s legacy. Mr. Dorris assumes the role of a narrator and simply tells his rendition of the fascinating life story of “Abraham Lincoln - an uncommon, common man.”
The multidisciplinary research program at Akrotiri Aetokremnos is important, in my op- ion, for three reasons: two empirical and one conceptual. Quite apart from the archaeology, work at the site is a major contribution to island biogeography, in that the Phanourios sample—certainly the best from Cyprus and probably the best anywhere in the world—has already provided, and will continue to provide, important ecological and behavioral data on these intriguing creatures. Dwarfed island faunas are important to our understanding of the complex factors that shape natural selection in ecologically closed environments over the evolutionary long term. At Aetokremnos, we seem to have the “end” of a long sequence of hippo evolution on the island. With comparative studies of other Cypriot hippo faunas, we should be able to pin down the interval of initial colonization by what were, pres- ably, normal-sized hippos, and—if the other sites can be dated—document the dwarfing process in considerable detail. Aetokremnos would still be a significant paleontological - cality, even in the absence of evidence of a human presence there. While reading the text of the monograph, a number of questions strictly related to the paleontology occurred to me. One was how to model the colonization process. There seems to be little question that the large mammals colonized the island by swimming to it (because, I gather, Cyprus has not been connected to the mainland for roughly 5–6 m- lion years).
Both prescription and non-prescription medications used in medicine and psychiatry can cause a varietyof problems for those taking them, both in terms of their behavior and their ability to think. The first book to thoroughly examine how to recognize and manage the psychological side-effects of these medicines, this exhaustive work also provides a fingertip source of vital information for everyone from psychiatrists, primary care doctors and other medical subspecialty practitioners to students, residents and general readers. Noted physicians Thomas Markham Brown and Alan Stoudemire cover all of the major medications used in medicine and psychiatry, with full chapters on such topics as: * Antipsychotics* Antidepressants* Lithium* Anticonvulsants* Anesthetic agents* Sedative-Hypnotic and related agents* Antibiotics* Cardiovascular agents* Antineoplastic agents* Gastrointestinal agents* Pulmonary agents* Hematologic agents* Antilipemic agents* Drugs affecting the endocrine system Throughout this information-packed reference, the authors, noted physicians Thomas Markham Brown and Alan Stoudemire, cover all of the major medications used in medicine and psychiatry. They focus on the fundamental ways drugs cause cognitive toxicity and map strategies for clinical management. They also address the consequences of drug interactions and the basic pathophysiology of central nervous system toxicity. With the help of Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications, readers will be able to quickly identify the ways drugs sometimes negatively affect behavior and ability to reason, and then determine the best practical course for treating those problems. A CD-ROM containing the complete contents of Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over the Counter Medications is included. Fully searchable, this CD-ROM is compatible on both MACINTOSH and WINDOWS systems.
The oath was an institution of fundamental importance across a wide range of social interactions throughout the ancient Greek world, making a crucial contribution to social stability and harmony; yet there has been no comprehensive, dedicated scholarly study of the subject for over a century. This volume of a two-volume study explores how oaths functioned in the working of the Greek city-state (polis) and in relations between different states as well as between Greeks and non-Greeks.
Mining Irish-American Lives focuses on the importance and influence of the Irish within the mining frontier of the American West. Scholarship of the West has largely ignored the complicated lives of the Irish people in mining towns, whose life details are often kept to a bare minimum. This book uses individual stories and the histories of different communities—Randsburg, California; Virginia City, Nevada; Leadville, Colorado; Butte, Montana; Idaho’s Silver Valley; and the Comstock Lode, for example—to explore Irish and Irish-American lives. Historian Alan J. M. Noonan uses a range of previously overlooked sources, including collections of emigrant letters, hospital logbooks, private detective reports, and internment records, to tell the stories of Irish men and women who emigrated to mining towns to search for opportunity. Noonan details the periods, the places, and the experiences over multiple generations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He carefully examines their encounters with nativists, other ethnic groups, and mining companies to highlight the contested emergence of a hyphenated Irish-American identity. Unearthing personal details along with the histories of different communities, the book investigates Irish immigrants and Irish-Americans through the prism of their own experiences, significantly enriching the history of the period.
Before Palm Pilots and iPods, PCs and laptops, the term "computer" referred to the people who did scientific calculations by hand. These workers were neither calculating geniuses nor idiot savants but knowledgeable people who, in other circumstances, might have become scientists in their own right. When Computers Were Human represents the first in-depth account of this little-known, 200-year epoch in the history of science and technology. Beginning with the story of his own grandmother, who was trained as a human computer, David Alan Grier provides a poignant introduction to the wider world of women and men who did the hard computational labor of science. His grandmother's casual remark, "I wish I'd used my calculus," hinted at a career deferred and an education forgotten, a secret life unappreciated; like many highly educated women of her generation, she studied to become a human computer because nothing else would offer her a place in the scientific world. The book begins with the return of Halley's comet in 1758 and the effort of three French astronomers to compute its orbit. It ends four cycles later, with a UNIVAC electronic computer projecting the 1986 orbit. In between, Grier tells us about the surveyors of the French Revolution, describes the calculating machines of Charles Babbage, and guides the reader through the Great Depression to marvel at the giant computing room of the Works Progress Administration. When Computers Were Human is the sad but lyrical story of workers who gladly did the hard labor of research calculation in the hope that they might be part of the scientific community. In the end, they were rewarded by a new electronic machine that took the place and the name of those who were, once, the computers.
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