Series of papers on the general topic of writing and its uses and significance for wider ancient Near Eastern society, based on a colloquium in honor of Professor Alan Millard held in Liverpool in May 2003.
Many today find the Old Testament a closed book. The cultural issues seem insurmountable and we are easily baffled by that which seems obscure. Furthermore, without knowledge of the ancient culture we can easily impose our own culture on the text, potentially distorting it. This series invites you to enter the Old Testament with a company of guides, experts that will give new insights into these cherished writings. Features include • Over 2000 photographs, drawings, maps, diagrams and charts provide a visual feast that breathes fresh life into the text. • Passage-by-passage commentary presents archaeological findings, historical explanations, geographic insights, notes on manners and customs, and more. • Analysis into the literature of the ancient Near East will open your eyes to new depths of understanding both familiar and unfamiliar passages. • Written by an international team of 30 specialists, all top scholars in background studies.
Many today find the Old Testament a closed book. The cultural issues seem insurmountable and we are easily baffled by that which seems obscure. Furthermore, without knowledge of the ancient culture we can easily impose our own culture on the text, potentially distorting it. This series invites you to enter the Old Testament with a company of guides, experts that will give new insights into these cherished writings. Features include • Over 2000 photographs, drawings, maps, diagrams and charts provide a visual feast that breathes fresh life into the text. • Passage-by-passage commentary presents archaeological findings, historical explanations, geographic insights, notes on manners and customs, and more. • Analysis into the literature of the ancient Near East will open your eyes to new depths of understanding both familiar and unfamiliar passages. • Written by an international team of 30 specialists, all top scholars in background studies.
Advocates of the established hypotheses on the origins of the Synoptic gospels and their interrelationships (the Synoptic Problem), and especially those defending or contesting the existence of the "source" (Q), are increasingly being called upon to justify their position with reference to ancient media practices. Still others go so far as to claim that ancient media realities force a radical rethinking of the whole project of Synoptic source criticism, and they question whether traditional documentary approaches remain valid at all. This debate has been hampered to date by the patchy reception of research on ancient media in Synoptic scholarship. Seeking to rectify this problem, Alan Kirk here mounts a defense, grounded in the practices of memory and manuscript transmission in the Roman world, of the Two Document Hypothesis. He shows how ancient media/memory approaches in fact offer new leverage on classic research problems in scholarship on the Synoptic Gospels, and that they have the potential to break the current impasse in the Synoptic Problem. The results of his analysis open up new insights to the early reception and scribal transmission of the Jesus tradition and cast new light on some long-conflicted questions in Christian origins.
One of the most important functions of paleontology in the earth sciences is time correlation of rock strata using taxonomic analysis of fossils in different regions. Comparisons of certain species’ similarities between regions frequently allows for precise age dating and correlation of strata limited only by the presence/absence of species and the speed at which they evolved. Between their first appearance in the early/middle Devonian and their ultimate extinction at the K-T boundary, no other single taxonomic group is as precise or as widely useful for time correlation of strata as the ammonoid cephalopods, an extinct distant relative of the modern chambered nautilus. This is especially true for the Carboniferous Era, where ammonoid change was extremely rapid for reasons that are as yet not fully known, although global climate fluctuation is probably a key driving force.
Concise and practical, the Penn Clinical Manual of Urology is an indispensable guide to the daily practice of urology. This one-volume medical reference book presents the key clinical information you need to diagnose and treat urologic disorders quickly and effectively, featuring brief, well-illustrated chapters and an easy-to-read format. Essential for clinical questions and answers, the Penn Clinical Manual of Urology deserves a place on the bookshelf of not only every urologist, but every provider treating urologic problems. "This is a powerhouse of a textbook ... it punches well above its diminutive size." Reviewed by: Tim Lane, Consultant Urologist, Lister Hospital, March 2015 Find information quickly and easily with a format that includes clearly presented algorithms, tables, and figures. Effectively review for the boards using the self-assessment questions at the end of each chapter. Stay abreast of new AUA and ICI Incontinence guidelines, and access up-to-date information on the latest treatment recommendations, therapy for castrate-resistant prostate cancer, and active surveillance for prostate cancer. Effectively prepare for board examinations and recertification. Understand and apply evaluation and management techniques for male subfertility and androgen deficiency. Focus on hot topics in urology, including stress and mixed urinary incontinence; therapy for prolapse; overactive bladder; and renal cell carcinoma. Review chapters on the major categories of urologic diseases, and integrate radiology, radiation therapy, nephrology, pediatric urology, transplantation surgery, and vascular surgery. Search the entire contents online at Expert Consult!
Over the past two decades a number of attempts have been made, with varying degrees of success, to collect in a single treatise available information on the basic and applied pharmacology and biochemical mechanism of action of antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agents. The logarithmic growth of knowledge in this field has made it progressively more difficult to do justice to all aspects of this topic, and it is possible that the present handbook, more than four years in preparation, may be the last attempt to survey in a. single volume the entire field of drugs em ployed in cancer chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Even in the present instance, it has proved necessary for practical reasons to publish the material in two parts, although the plan of the work constitutes, at least in the editors' view, a single integrated treatment of this research area. A number of factors have contributed to the continuous expansion of research in the areas of cancer chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Active compounds have been emerging at ever-increasing rates from experimental tumor screening systems maintained by a variety of private and governmental laboratories through out the world. At the molecular level, knowledge of the modes of action of estab lished agents has continued to expand, and has permitted rational drug design to playa significantly greater role in a process which, in its early years, depended almost completely upon empirical and fortuitous observations.
Since 1954, Campbell-Walsh Urology has been internationally recognized as the pre-eminent text in its field. Edited by Alan J. Wein, MD, PhD(hon), Louis R. Kavoussi, MD, Alan W. Partin, MD, PhD, Craig A. Peters, MD, FACS, FAAP, and the late Andrew C. Novick, MD, it provides you with everything you need to know at every stage of your career, covering the entire breadth and depth of urology - from anatomy and physiology through the latest diagnostic approaches and medical and surgical treatments. Be certain with expert, dependable, accurate answers for every stage of your career from the most comprehensive, definitive text in the field! Required reading for all urology residents, Campbell-Walsh Urology is the predominant reference used by The American Board of Urology for its board examination questions. Visually grasp and better understand critical information with the aid of algorithms, photographs, radiographs, and line drawings to illustrate essential concepts, nuances of clinical presentation and technique, and decision making. Stay on the cutting edge with online updates. Get trusted perspectives and insights from hundreds of well-respected global contributors, all of whom are at the top and the cutting edge of their respective fields. Stay current with the latest knowledge and practices. Brand-new chapters and comprehensive updates throughout include new information on perioperative care in adults and children, premature ejaculation, retroperitoneal tumors, nocturia, and more! Meticulously revised chapters cover the most recent advancements in robotic and laparoscopic bladder surgery, open surgery of the kidney, management of metastic and invasive bladder cancer, and many other hot topics!Reference information quickly thanks to a new, streamlined print format and easily searchable online access to supplemental figures, tables, additional references, and expanded discussions as well as procedural videos and more at www.expertconsult.com. The new edition of Campbell-Walsh Urology is the must have reference for practitioners and residents!
The thoroughly revised and updated new 7th edition of this well-established textbook continues to provide a comprehensive introduction to the history, structure, institutions, and policies of the American political system.
One of the top-selling books on plastic surgery, this book discusses some of the most popular plastic surgery procedures, including breast surgery (enlargement, lift, reduction), liposuction, and tummy tucks. pairs of before and after photos help demonstrate the results of the surgery, which are discussed in further detail in a clear, easy-to-understand writing style.
This volume offers a close reading of the historical books of I and II Kings, concentrating on not only issues in the history of Israel but also the literary techniques of storytelling used in these books. Marvin A. Sweeney provides a major contribution to the prominent Old Testament Library series with advanced discussions of textual difficulties in the books of Kings as well as compelling narrative interpretations. The Old Testament Library provides fresh and authoritative treatments of important aspects of Old Testament study through commentaries and general surveys. The contributors are scholars of international standing.
A fully revised and updated edition of an introductory text book, which includes political concepts, institutions, processes and voting behaviour, the media and classification of governments among its contents, drawing on examples from a wide variety of countries and political parties.
Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization, Second Edition covers the numerous population balance-based particulate studies. This edition emerged from the notes for an industrial short course on crystallization. This book is divided into 10 chapters and begins with an outline of the methods for representation of particle distributions and a systematic approach to the predictive modeling of processes where there is a need to characterize distributions in time and space and by some identifying property. The succeeding chapters provide a specific and more elementary approach to modeling crystal size distributions, as well as the modeling the kinetics of crystal nucleation and growth rates. Other chapters discuss a wide range of system analysis and design considerations specific to crystallization for both the steady state and unsteady state. The final chapters illustrate the use of a population balance analysis to interpret data from both laboratory and process equipment. These chapters also explore a wide variety of particulate processes and systems for which the population balance analysis is useful. This book is of great value to graduate students with particulate systems course.
Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. This extensive title, which combines scientific principles with up-to-date clinical procedures, has been thoroughly updated for the fourteenth edition. You’ll find in-depth material on the biology and pathophysiology of lymphomas, leukemias, platelet destruction, and other hematological disorders as well as the procedures for diagnosing and treating them.
Music is central to human cultural and intellectual experience. It is vitally important for the welfare of human society and - this book argues - should become more widely accepted in our community as a mainstream educational and therapeutic tool. This book explores the importance of music throughout human evolution, and its continued relevance to modern-day human society. Throughout, the emphasis is on the origin of music and how (and where) it is processed in our brains, exploring in detail the genetic and cultural evolution of modern, loquacious humans, how we may have evolved with unique neural and cognitive architecture, and why two complementary but distinct communication systems - language and music - remain a human universal. In addition the book explores, in some depth, the different theories that have been put forward to explain why musical communication was (and remains) advantageous to our species, with a particular emphasis on the role of music and dance in enhancing altruistic and prosocial behaviours. The author suggests that music, and the social harmonization it brings, was of vital importance in early humans as we became more and more individualized by the emergence of modern language and the modern mind, and the realization that we are mortal. 'Music, Evolution, and the Harmony of Souls' demonstrates the evolutionary sociobiological importance of music as a driver of cooperative and interactive behaviour throughout human existence, and what this evolutionary imperative means to twenty-first century humanity and beyond, from social and medical/neurological perspectives
It is widely believed that the early Christians copied their texts themselves without a great deal of expertise, and that some copyists introduced changes to support their theological beliefs. In this volume, however, Alan Mugridge examines all of the extant Greek papyri bearing Christian literature up to the end of the 4th century, as well as several comparative groups of papyri, and concludes that, on the whole, Christian texts, like most literary texts in the Roman world, were copied by trained scribes. Professional Christian scribes probably became more common after the time of Constantine, but this study suggests that in the early centuries the copyists of Christian texts in Greek were normally trained scribes, Christian or not, who reproduced those texts as part of their trade and, while they made mistakes, copied them as accurately as any other texts they were called upon to copy.
This book is a product of the experience of the authors in teaching partial differential equations to students of mathematics, physics, and engineering over a period of 20 years. Our goal in writing it has been to introduce the subject with precise and rigorous analysis on the one hand, and interesting and significant applications on the other. The starting level of the book is at the first-year graduate level in a U.S. university. Previous experience with partial differential equations is not required, but the use of classical analysis to find solutions of specific problems is not emphasized. From that perspective our treatment is decidedly theoretical. We have avoided abstraction and full generality in many situations, however. Our plan has been to introduce fundamental ideas in relatively simple situations and to show their impact on relevant applications. The student is then, we feel, well prepared to fight through more specialized treatises. There are parts of the exposition that require Lebesgue integration, distributions and Fourier transforms, and Sobolev spaces. We have included a long appendix, Chapter 8, giving precise statements of all results used. This may be thought of as an introduction to these topics. The reader who is not familiar with these subjects may refer to parts of Chapter 8 as needed or become somewhat familiar with them as prerequisite and treat Chapter 8 as Chapter O.
Thirty-five years ago, Sir John Hackett published The Third World War, which speculated how WW3 might start in the mid-eighties and how it would be fought. His scenario started with the death of Marshall Tito in Yugoslavia, followed by the break-up of that country and Russian and Warsaw Pact tanks rolling through the Fulda Gap from East Germany into West Germany. Since it is now fashionable to call WW3 either the Cold War or the war against Islamic extremism, the time is right to publish a new speculative book about how WW4 might start and how it most likely would be fought. Among the scenarios author Douglas Cohn includes in World War 4: Although Russia is now occupying parts of Ukraine, it's unlikely that will become a global war because the U.S. president is reluctant to do anything about it. But the Baltic states, which Russia is now eyeing, are different: they're members of NATO, and Article Five of the NATO Charter requires all NATO member states to go to war to defend any NATO member under attack. Putin is notoriously scornful of Obama, and he thinks Obama will do nothing about a "Ukraine lite" invasion of Latvia, Lithuania, and/or Estonia. All three have Russian populations left over from the Soviet era, and it's easy to imagine Putin invading "to protect the ethnic Russians," exactly the way he did in Ukraine. If the U.S. stands up for the Baltics, the other NATO nations will, too, leading to WW4. Another possible scenario is a rapidly militarizing China picking any number of excuses to fight the U.S. China believes her time has arrived, as U.S. wealth and power wane (as China sees it) and China’s waxes. For example, all China has to do is decide that the time is right to take back Taiwan, betting that reluctant-warrior President Obama will do nothing. If we or our far-eastern allies decide to fight, however, that would also lead to WW4. Similarly, Japan has decided that she can no longer count on the protection of the American nuclear umbrella, the guarantor of Pax Americana for the past 70 years. Japan is exploring constitutional changes that will allow her to build a military (and has also reignited the debate about whether or not to acquire atom bombs) that will no longer be defensive only. New military guidelines announced in 2010 direct the focus of the Japanese military away from Russia and towards China. Heightened territorial disputes and Chinese provocations against Japan in the East China Sea could easily result in a global conflict. Douglas Cohn presents these and other scenarios for exactly how, in our dangerous word, WW4 could start, and how it would be fought: the strategies, the tactics, the units and troops, the air wings, the naval fleets, and the weapons.
In recent years the study of illness as experienced by patients has emerged as an approach to understanding sickness. Descriptions of the everyday situations of people with particular diseases, provide a commentary upon the nature of symptoms and upon the relation of the body to society. This approach stresses the biographical and cultural contexts in which illness arises and is borne by individuals and those who care for them. It emphasises the need to understand illness in terms of the patients own interpretation, of its onset, the course of its progress and the potential of the treatment for the condition. Worlds of Illness examines people's experience of illness and their understanding of what it means to be healthy. The contributors are the first to offer this biographic and cultural approach in one volume, redefining the perspective further and drawing attention to its potential for questioning theoretical assumptions about health and illness.
After more than a century of neglect, a profound revolution is occurring in the way archaeology addresses and interprets developments in the social history of early Islamic Syria-Palestine. This concise book offers an innovative assessment of social and economic developments in Syria-Palestine shortly before, and in the two centuries after, the Islamic expansion (the later sixth to the early ninth century AD), drawing on a wide range of new evidence from recent archaeological work. Alan Walmsley challenges conventional explanations for social change with the arrival of Islam, arguing for considerable cultural and economic continuity rather than devastation and unrelenting decline. Much new, and increasingly non-elite, architectural evidence and an ever-growing corpus of material culture indicate that Syria-Palestine entered a new age of social richness in the early Islamic period, even if the gains were chronologically and regionally uneven.
Internationally lauded as the preeminent text in the field, Campbell-Walsh Urology continues to offer the most comprehensive coverage of every aspect of urology. Perfect for urologists, residents, and practicing physicians alike, this updated text highlights all of the essential concepts necessary for every stage of your career, from anatomy and physiology through the latest diagnostic approaches and medical and surgical treatments. The predominant reference used by The American Board of Urology for its examination questions. Algorithms, photographs, radiographs, and line drawings illustrate essential concepts, nuances of clinical presentations and techniques, and decision making. Key Points boxes and algorithms further expedite review. Features hundreds of well-respected global contributors at the top of their respective fields. A total of 22 new chapters, including Evaluation and Management of Men with Urinary Incontinence; Minimally-Invasive Urinary Diversion; Complications Related to the Use of Mesh and Their Repair; Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer; Adolescent and Transitional Urology; Principles of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Children; Pediatric Urogenital Imaging; and Functional Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract in Children. Previous edition chapters have been substantially revised and feature such highlights as new information on prostate cancer screening, management of non–muscle invasive bladder cancer, and urinary tract infections in children. Includes new guidelines on interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, uro-trauma, and medical management of kidney stone disease. Anatomy chapters have been expanded and reorganized for ease of access. Boasts an increased focus on robotic surgery, image-guided diagnostics and treatment, and guidelines-based medicine. Features 130 video clips that are easily accessible via Expert Consult. Periodic updates to the eBook version by key opinion leaders will reflect essential changes and controversies in the field. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience offers access to all of the text, figures, tables, diagrams, videos, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Sustainable development is capturing the attention of planners, politicians and business leaders. Within the academic sphere its study is increasingly breaching disciplinary boundaries to become a focus of attention for natural and social scientists alike. But in studying such a key concept, it is vital that there is a clear definition of what it means, how it is applied on the ground, and the influence it exerts upon people's perceptions of change in the physical environment, economic activity and society. Exploring Sustainable Development is a major new text which provides a multifaceted introduction to key areas of study in this field, examining sustainability at the full range of spatial scales from the local to the global. Building on existing theory it demonstrates the unique contributions that thinking geographically about space, place and human-environment relationships can bring to the analysis of sustainable development. This book explores different interpretations of sustainable development in both theory and practice, in developed and developing countries, and in rural and urban areas. It pays particular attention to the local, national and international politics of implementation, the future of climate and energy, the role of business, and different conceptions of agricultural sustainability. This wide-ranging text is ideal for undergraduates and postgraduates in geography, environmental science, development studies, and related social and political sciences.
Melchizedek is a mysterious figure to many people. Adopting discourse analysis and text-linguistic approaches, Chan attempts to tackle the Melchizedek texts in Genesis 14, Psalm 110, and Hebrews 5-7. This seminal study illustrates how the mysterious figure is understood and interpreted by later biblical writers, "... Using the “blessing” motif as a framework, Chan also argues that Numbers 22-24, 2 Samuel 7 and the Psalter: Books I-V (especially Psalms 1-2) provide a reading paradigm of interpreting Psalm 110. In addition, the structure of Hebrews provides a clue to how the author interprets the Old Testament texts.
As interest in the public health challenge of youth inactivity increases, the ambitious Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior sets a standard for addressing a problem with worldwide implications. Drawing on the contributions of a diverse group of international experts, this reference challenges professionals, researchers, and students to implement new solutions and further their research and work. No other text addresses the causes, contributing factors, and fundamental issues in dealing with youth physical activity with such depth or comprehensive coverage. Using a multidisciplinary approach, Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior breaks away from traditional thinking that places activity and sedentary behavior on a single continuum, which may limit progress in addressing youth inactivity. Instead, the authors encourage readers to focus on how sedentary and physically active behaviors coexist and consider how the two behaviors may have different determinants. In doing so, the text also considers developmental features such as maturation, ethnicity, environment, and genetics across both childhood (through age 12) and adolescence (the teen years). By looking at a variety of psychosocial and epidemiological factors, the authors set the stage for a critical analysis of beliefs and views at a time when many assumptions are taken for granted. This book is organized in three parts that build on one another to deepen readers’ understanding of this complex problem. This text begins by addressing the fundamental issues and assumptions pertaining to youth physical activity and sedentary behavior, covering such topics as measurement of the behavior in question, health outcomes, concepts, and trends in a public health context. Once readers have grasped this foundational knowledge, they advance to part II for a comprehensive account of personal factors likely to be associated with the problem. Part III moves beyond the individual into the wider social and contextual aspects of physically active and sedentary living in young people. Through this concluding part, readers gain the latest thinking on how parents, peers, schools, organized sport, and related factors link to youth physical activity and sedentary behavior. Each chapter presents the latest theory and research, real-world approaches to implementation, and background information to encourage discussion and future directions in national policy making. Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior also contains the following features that add to an unprecedented learning experience: •An at-a-glance look at why and how research can be used in the real world helps researchers relate their work to overall solutions. •Coverage of more issues related to this subject than are available in any other reference makes this a one-stop resource. •Internationally respected foreword writer, editors, and contributors provide a cross-disciplinary perspective valuable for putting solutions into a wider context. •Applications for Professionals boxes and Applications for Researchers boxes at the end of each chapter provide practical suggestions for implementing solutions. Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Challenges and Solutions considers current research about youth physical activity and sedentary behavior across a range of personal factors as well as cultural and social influences. The text communicates the knowledge base on developmental, economic, psychological, and social factors related to youth physical activity and sedentary behavior and provides an overview of youth-specific approaches to addressing the problem of inactivity among youth.
Particulate Crystal Characteristics; Fluid-particle Transport Processes; Crystallization Principles and Techniques; Crystal Formation Processes; Crystallizer Design and Operation; Solid-Liquid Separation Processes; Design of Crystallization Process Systems.
Electronics has become the largest industry, surpassing agriculture, auto, and heavy metal industries. It has become the industry of choice for a country to prosper, already having given rise to the phenomenal prosperity of Japan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Ireland among others. At the current growth rate, total worldwide semiconductor sales will reach $300B by the year 2000. The key electronic technologies responsible for the growth of the industry include semiconductors, the packaging of semiconductors for systems use in auto, telecom, computer, consumer, aerospace, and medical industries, displays, magnetic, and optical storage as well as software and system technologies. There has been a paradigm shift, however, in these technologies, from mainframe and supercomputer applications at any cost, to consumer applications at approximately one-tenth the cost and size. Personal computers are a good example, going from $500IMIP when products were first introduced in 1981, to a projected $IIMIP within 10 years. Thin, light portable, user friendly and very low-cost are, therefore, the attributes of tomorrow's computing and communications systems. Electronic packaging is defined as interconnection, powering, cool ing, and protecting semiconductor chips for reliable systems. It is a key enabling technology achieving the requirements for reducing the size and cost at the system and product level.
The Great Orme copper mine in North Wales is one of the largest surviving Bronze Age mines in Europe. This book presents new interdisciplinary research to reveal a copper mine of European importance, dominating Britain’s copper supply from c. 1600-1400 BC, with some metal reaching mainland Europe - from Brittany to as far as the Baltic.
A masterful history of the Civil War and its reverberations across the continent by a two-time Pulitzer Prize winner. In a fast-paced narrative of soaring ideals and sordid politics, of civil war and foreign invasion, the award-winning historian Alan Taylor presents a pivotal twenty-year period in which North America’s three largest countries—the United States, Mexico, and Canada—all transformed themselves into nations. The American Civil War stands at the center of the story, its military history and the drama of emancipation the highlights. Taylor relies on vivid characters to carry the story, from Joseph Hooker, whose timidity in crisis was exploited by Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson in the Union defeat at Chancellorsville, to Martin Delany and Mary Ann Shadd Cary, Black abolitionists whose critical work in Canada and the United States advanced emancipation and the enrollment of Black soldiers in Union armies. The outbreak of the Civil War created a continental power vacuum that allowed French forces to invade Mexico in 1862 and set up an empire ruled by a Habsburg archduke. This inflamed the ongoing power struggle between Mexico’s Conservatives—landowners, the military, the Church—and Liberal supporters of social democracy, led ably by Benito Juarez. Along the southwestern border Mexico’s Conservative forces made common cause with the Confederacy, while General James Carleton violently suppressed Apaches and Navajos in New Mexico and Arizona. When the Union triumph restored the continental balance of power, French forces withdrew, and Liberals consolidated a republic in Mexico. Canada was meantime fending off a potential rupture between French-speaking Catholics in Quebec and English-speakers in Ontario. When Union victory raised the threat of American invasion, Canadian leaders pressed for a continent-wide confederation joined by a transcontinental railroad. The rollicking story of liberal ideals, political venality, and corporate corruption marked the dawn of the Gilded Age in North America.
The Civil Rights Act of 1875, enacted March 1, 1875, banned racial discrimination in public accommodations – hotels, public conveyances and places of public amusement. In 1883 the U.S. Supreme Court declared the law unconstitutional, ushering in generations of segregation until 1964. This first full-length study of the Act covers the years of debates in Congress and some forty state studies of the midterm elections of 1874 in which many supporting Republicans lost their seats. They returned to pass the Act in the short session of Congress. This book utilizes an army of primary sources from unpublished manuscripts, rare newspaper accounts, memoir materials and official documents to demonstrate that Republicans were motivated primarily by an ideology that civil equality would produce social order in the defeated southern states.
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