Animals in rural Egypt became enmeshed in social relationships and made possible many tasks otherwise impossible. Rather than focus on what animals represented or symbolized, Mikhail discusses their social and economic functions, as Ottoman Egypt cannot be understood without acknowledging animals as central shapers of the early modern world.
A prominent historian provides an engaging on-the-ground account of the everyday authoritarianism that produced the Arab Spring in Egypt “A visceral and perceptive study of life under autocracy.”—Publishers Weekly An unmatched contemporary history of authoritarian politics and an unflinching examination of the politics of historical authority, My Egypt Archive is at once a chronicle of Egypt in the 2000s and a historian’s bildungsroman. As Alan Mikhail dutifully collected the paper scraps of the past, he witnessed how the everyday oppressions of a government institution led most Egyptians to want to remake their society in early 2011. In telling these stories of the archive, Mikhail centers the politics of access, interpersonal relationships, state power, and the emotion, anxiety, and inchoate nature of historical research. My Egypt Archive reveals the workings of an authoritarian regime from inside its institutions in the decade leading up to the Arab Spring and, in doing so, points the way to exciting new modes of historical inquiry that give voice to the visceral realities all historians experience.
An “arresting” (New York Times Book Review) revisionist history demonstrating how Islam and the Ottoman Empire made our modern world. The history of the Ottoman Empire—once the most powerful state on earth, ruling over more territory and people than any other world power—has for centuries been distorted, misrepresented, and suppressed in the West. With this “original and wide-ranging” (Wall Street Journal) global history, Alan Mikhail vitally recasts the Ottoman conquest of the world through the dramatic biography of Sultan Selim I (1470–1520). Drawing on previously unexamined sources, and upending prevailing shibboleths about Islamic history and jingoistic “rise of the West” theories, Mikhail’s game-changing account radically transforms our understanding of the importance of Selim’s Ottoman Empire in the annals of the modern world.
In one of the first ever environmental histories of the Ottoman Empire, Alan Mikhail examines relations between the empire and its most lucrative province of Egypt. Based on both the local records of various towns and villages in rural Egypt and the imperial orders of the Ottoman state, this book charts how changes in the control of natural resources fundamentally altered the nature of Ottoman imperial sovereignty in Egypt and throughout the empire. In revealing how Egyptian peasants were able to use their knowledge and experience of local environments to force the hand of the imperial state, Nature and Empire in Ottoman Egypt tells a story of the connections of empire stretching from canals in the Egyptian countryside to the palace in Istanbul, from the forests of Anatolia to the shores of the Red Sea, and from a plague flea's bite to the fortunes of one of the most powerful states of the early modern world.
Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, had a dream in which a tree sprouted from his navel. As the tree grew, its shade covered the earth; as Osman’s empire grew, it, too, covered the earth. This is the most widely accepted foundation myth of the longest-lasting empire in the history of Islam, and offers a telling clue to its unique legacy. Underlying every aspect of the Ottoman Empire’s epic history—from its founding around 1300 to its end in the twentieth century—is its successful management of natural resources. Under Osman’s Tree analyzes this rich environmental history to understand the most remarkable qualities of the Ottoman Empire—its longevity, politics, economy, and society. The early modern Middle East was the world’s most crucial zone of connection and interaction. Accordingly, the Ottoman Empire’s many varied environments affected and were affected by global trade, climate, and disease. From down in the mud of Egypt’s canals to up in the treetops of Anatolia, Alan Mikhail tackles major aspects of the Middle East’s environmental history: natural resource management, climate, human and animal labor, energy, water control, disease, and politics. He also points to some of the ways in which the region’s dominant religious tradition, Islam, has understood and related to the natural world. Marrying environmental and Ottoman history, Under Osman’s Tree offers a bold new interpretation of the past five hundred years of Middle Eastern history.
For over forty years much of the world was held captive by a conflict between two wholly incompatible economic ideologies--capitalism and communism--and the two primary superpower countries who practiced them, the United States and the Soviet Union. Written in accessible language for readers with little or no previous knowledge about the subject, this work is first a general history of the Cold War, with an overview of its root causes and the policies and theories that were in place from 1947 through 1990. A thoroughly annotated chronology of important Cold War events follows. Short biographies of some of the major United States political figures and world leaders conclude the work.
An informative, fascinating resource suitable for students, researchers, and general readers, this biographical dictionary is a "who was who" of world and space explorers, giving readers a sense of the human drama—the achievements and the challenges—that those who go where few or none have gone before must face. The explorers covered include Jacques Cousteau, Sir Vivian Fuchs, John Glenn Jr., Aleksei Leonov, Annie Peck, Valentina Tereshkova, and many more.
This book examines how algorithms in criminal justice, education, housing, elections and beyond affect autonomy, freedom, and democracy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
A chess match seems as solitary an endeavor as there is in sports: two minds, on their own, in fierce opposition. In contrast, Gary Alan Fine argues that chess is a social duet: two players in silent dialogue who always take each other into account in their play. Surrounding that one-on-one contest is a community life that can be nearly as dramatic and intense as the across-the-board confrontation. Fine has spent years immersed in the communities of amateur and professional chess players, and with Players and Pawns he takes readers deep inside them, revealing a complex, brilliant, feisty world of commitment and conflict. Within their community, chess players find both support and challenges, all amid a shared interest in and love of the long-standing traditions of the game, traditions that help chess players build a communal identity. Full of idiosyncratic characters and dramatic gameplay, Players and Pawns is a celebration of the fascinating world of serious chess.
Glenn Cheney arrived in Kiev during those first days when the Soviet Union ceased to exist and Ukraine was reborn. Almost immediately he found himself talking with scientist, journalist, refugees, engineers, top-level government officials, doctors, environmentalists, parents of sick children and people living just a few kilometers from the Chernobyl complex. He heard stories about the disaster that went far beyond what had appeared in the Western press. The reports of atrocities, epidemics, tyrannyand dispair blend with a most unsual travelogue, considerable humor and KGB intrigue.
Meaning in the Media addresses the issue of how we should respond to competing claims about meaning put forward in confrontations between people or organisations in highly charged circumstances such as bitter public controversies and expensive legal disputes. Alan Durant draws attention to the pervasiveness and significance of such meaning-related disputes in the media, investigating how their 'meaning' dimension is best described and explained. Through his analysis of deception, distortion, bias, false advertising, offensiveness and other kinds of communicative behaviour that trigger interpretive disputes, Durant shows that we can understand both meaning and media better if we focus in new ways on moments in discourse when the apparently continuous flow of understanding and agreement breaks down. This lively and contemporary volume will be invaluable to students and teachers of linguistics, media studies, journalism and law.
If the whole of the Christian life is to be governed by the "law of love"—the twofold love of God and one's neighbor—what might it mean to read lovingly? That is the question that drives this unique book. Through theological reflection interspersed with readings of literary texts (Shakespeare and Cervantes, Nabokov and Nicholson Baker, George Eliot and W. H. Auden and Dickens), Jacobs pursues an elusive quarry: the charitable reader.
Scholars have been puzzling over the "future of the book" since Marshall McLuhan's famous maxim "the medium is the message" in the early 1950s. McLuhan famously argued that electronic media was creating a global village in which books would become obsolete. Such views were ahead of their time, but today they are all too relevant as declining sales, even among classic texts, have become a serious matter in academic publishing.Does anyone still read long and complex works, either from the past or the present? Is the role of a professional reader and reviewer of manuscripts still relevant? Book Matters closely analyses these questions and others. Alan Sica surmises that the concentration span required for studying and discussing complex texts has slipped away, as undergraduate classes are becoming inundated by shorter, easier-to-teach scholarly and literary works. He considers such matters in part from the point of view of a former editor of scholarly journals. In an engaging style, he gives readers succinct analyses of books and ideas that once held the interest of millions of discerning readers, such as Simone de Beavoir's Second Sex and the works of David Graham Phillips and C. Wright Mills, among others.Book Matters is not a nostalgic cry for lost ideas, but instead a stark reminder of just how aware and analytically illuminating certain scholars were prior to the Internet, and how endangered the book is in this era of pixelated communication.
This book presents up-to-date information on the origins of the Ashkenazic Jewish people from central and eastern Europe based on genetic research on modern and pre-modern populations. It focuses on the 129 maternal haplogroups that the author confirmed that Ashkenazim have acquired from distinct female ancestors who were indigenous to diverse lands that include Israel, Italy, Poland, Germany, North Africa, and China, revealing both their Israelite inheritance and the lasting legacy of conversions to Judaism. Genetic connections between Ashkenazic Jews and other Jewish populations, including Turkish Jews, Moroccan Jews, Tunisian Jews, Iranian Jews, and Cochin Jews, are indicated wherever they are known.
A reference to the ideological, military, political, biographical, and social topics surrounding World War II, which is often considered the pivotal event of the twentieth century.
(Spring 2010) This historical novel finds President Reagan and First Lady Nancy trying to do the best acting of their lives to leave the White House, alive. (abridged edition) Our most loved and hated President after Kennedy and before Obama, Ronnie struggles to defeat the Evil Empire and not lose his mind to Alzheimers dementia. Can he still trust Bill Casey and George Bush, George Shultz, Selwa Roosevelt and Mike Deaver? Can Ronnie find out who's pulling his strings? A fervent anti-Communist and Nazi hater praised by his wife Nancy and ultra-conservatives, groomed by Bechtel Corporation since 1950 and sold StarWars by Dick Cheney and Paul Nitze during the most scandal-ridden presidency in American history, daughter Patti, college students and flower children despised Reagan for supporting the Vietnam War and Contra death squads and felt the Reagan-Bush Administration was run by Nazis. As it turns out, it was. This historical novel documents the foreign policy, national security and monetary policies of the Reagan-Bush Administration were run by Nazis thru the life of character Reinhard Gehlen, Hitlers chief of Foreign Armies East intelligence, whom Dulles hired to run and train CIA as Freikorps Nazi deathsquad torturers, terrorists and assassins who then trained the Contras ...that Gehlen was later handled by Bill Casey (Ronnie's campaign manager) then George Bush (Ronnie's vice president) to fight, exaggerate and invent the Cold War in order to capture the Russian Baku oil fields. And, the unabridged edition goes on to document thar the City of London/Fed/CIA/Bank of England/MI-6/7 financed (and implied ongoing financing) of the Moslem Brotherhood (also known as Al Queda, Muhajadin, Hezbollah, Hamas and Arab Nazis) at the bequest of the private owners (the interlocking directorate) of the Fed/G8. The unabridged edition goes on to document how the Fed today, through the companies they direct and/or directed, such as Enron and all the major banks and oil companies, Halliburton, Bechtel, Brown & Root, Blackwater, continue to hire narcoterrorists to protect Fed & G8 directed oil pipelines and heroin and weapons trafficking markets. (Note, much of all the documentation mentioned above, is in the unabridged edition.) Based on autobiographies of the Reagan family, Cabinet, and White House Staff, the book includes charts from: Staff Report, Committee on Banking, Currency & Housing, House of Representatives, 94th Congress, 2d session, Aug. 1976 -- Federal Reserve Directors, a Study of Corporate & Banking Influence. This series of charts documents the private owners of the Fed and the companies they direct, and the study in the unabridged edition has the conclusion of the House of Representatives, which states: "In summary, the Federal Reserve directors are apparently representatives of a small elite group that dominates much of the economic life of this nation.
A "provocative...persuasive" (The New York Times) book that examines countries' economic destinies. In False Economy, Alan Beattie weaves together the economic choices, political choices, economic history, and human stories, that determine whether governments and countries remain rich or poor. He also addresses larger questions about why they make the choices they do, and what those mean for the future of our global economy. But despite the heady subject matter, False Economy is a lively and lucid book that engagingly and thought-provokingly examines macroeconomics, economic topics, and the fault lines and successes that can make or break a culture or induce a global depression. Along the way, readers will discover why Africa doesn't grow cocaine, why our asparagus comes from Peru, why our keyboard spells QWERTY, and why giant pandas are living on borrowed time.
Reveals the intriguing, suspenseful true story behind the globe-spanning battle of wills between the US and the Soviet Union after the fall of Nazi Germany.
DIV This insightful volume offers a radical reassessment of the infamous “Gulag Archipelago” by exploring the history of Vorkuta, an arctic coal-mining outpost originally established in the 1930s as a prison camp complex. Author Alan Barenberg’s eye-opening study reveals Vorkuta as an active urban center with a substantial nonprisoner population where the borders separating camp and city were contested and permeable, enabling prisoners to establish social connections that would eventually aid them in their transitions to civilian life. With this book, Barenberg makes an important historical contribution to our understanding of forced labor in the Soviet Union and its enduring legacy./div
Alan Wood's ambitious work is the first to address the whole span - both chronologically and thematically - of the development of Siberia, and its role in both the Russian and the global context. With a scope that reaches from Muscovy's conquest of Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries to modern times, it explores the effects of colonial exploitation, the Revolutions of 1917 and developments during the Soviet period. Russia's Frozen Frontier is also the first book to detail the history of Siberia from the view of Siberians themselves - both Russian and native - rather than seen through the lens of Moscow or St Petersburg.
National parks are perhaps the most recognized environmental protection institution in the world and have long attracted the interest of historians. This is the first academic work on Russian national parks. It spans from the years before the Great October Revolution to the present and examines movements to establish national parks from European Russia to Siberia and the Far East. It is a story of grandiose visions in which Russian environmentalists conceived of ways to alter the state's relationship to nature and of demoralizing disappointment when the lofty ambitions of different park visionaries fell far short of their hopes.
Alan T. Wood examines the cultural identity of modern China in the context of authoritarianism in the Chinese political tradition. Taking on issues of key importance in the understanding of Chinese history, Wood leads readers to a reconsideration of neo-Confucian thinkers of the Northern Sung dynasty. Modern scholars have accused Sung neo-Confucians of advocating a doctrine of unconditional obedience to the ruler--of "revering the emperor and expelling the barbarian"--and thereby inhibiting the rise of democracy in China. Wood refutes this dominant view by arguing that Sung neo-Confucians intended to limit the power of the emperor, not enhance it. Sung political thinkers believed passionately in the existence of a moral cosmos governed by universal laws that transcended the ruler and could be invoked to set limits on his power. Wood makes a striking comparison of this view with a similar one of universal morality or natural law that developed in late Medieval Europe. By drawing attention to a much-neglected Confucian text, he contributes significantly to the wider dialog of human rights in China and brings forth fresh philosophical insights in his comparative view of Chinese and Western history.
The multidisciplinary research program at Akrotiri Aetokremnos is important, in my op- ion, for three reasons: two empirical and one conceptual. Quite apart from the archaeology, work at the site is a major contribution to island biogeography, in that the Phanourios sample—certainly the best from Cyprus and probably the best anywhere in the world—has already provided, and will continue to provide, important ecological and behavioral data on these intriguing creatures. Dwarfed island faunas are important to our understanding of the complex factors that shape natural selection in ecologically closed environments over the evolutionary long term. At Aetokremnos, we seem to have the “end” of a long sequence of hippo evolution on the island. With comparative studies of other Cypriot hippo faunas, we should be able to pin down the interval of initial colonization by what were, pres- ably, normal-sized hippos, and—if the other sites can be dated—document the dwarfing process in considerable detail. Aetokremnos would still be a significant paleontological - cality, even in the absence of evidence of a human presence there. While reading the text of the monograph, a number of questions strictly related to the paleontology occurred to me. One was how to model the colonization process. There seems to be little question that the large mammals colonized the island by swimming to it (because, I gather, Cyprus has not been connected to the mainland for roughly 5–6 m- lion years).
Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics and Kendall's Library of Statistics The development of modern statistical theory is reflected in the history of the late Sir Maurice Kenfall's volumes, The Advanced Theory of Statistics. This landmark publication began life as a two-volume work and grew steadily as a single-authored work until the 1950s. In this edition, there is new material on skewness and kurtosis, hazard rate distribution, the bootstrap, the evaluation of the multivariate normal integral and ratios of quadratic forms. It also includes over 200 new references, 40 new exercises, and 20 further examples in the main text.
The Political Life of Bella Abzug, 1976–1998 is the second part of the first full biography of Bella Abzug. Alan H. Levy explores the political life of one of the most important women in politics in mid- and late-twentieth-century America. This second part takes up Abzug’s life from the point in 1976 when she narrowly lost her bid for the N.Y. Democratic Party’s nomination for the U.S. Senate. The biography follows her subsequent failed effort to win the Democratic Party’s nomination for Mayor of N.Y.C. in 1977, her leading a controversial National Women’s Convention in Houston in late 1977, her failed attempt to return to the U.S. Congress in 1978, and her conflicts with President Jimmy Carter and his administration. The biography then traces the efforts in which Abzug was engaged to regain political prominence, and her work on behalf of women at both national and international levels. Through the events in Abzug’s life, Levy explores tensions that surrounded the contrasts between political principles, which idealized a world in which gender posed no barriers to any human effort, and political views, which sought to extol and develop notions of gender and of ideas about its special meanings in human affairs and politics.
Hans Magnus Enzensberger is one of the most widely read and respected writers in post-war Germany. In the present study a considerable number of his most important poems are closely analyzed, including the texts that make up his major poetic cycles, Mausoleum (1975) and Der Untergang der Titanic (1978). Central to any discussion of this highly diverse corpus is the way in which Enzensberger creates strikingly original poems on the basis of borrowed material. Der Untergang der Titanic, for example, is closely based on the famous bestseller A Night to Remember (1955) by the American writer Walter Lord and on the film of the same name by Roy Baker (1958). Enzensberger’s ?Versepos? is simply unimaginable without Lord’s book, and certain episodes represented in the poem can be fully understood only by readers who have seen the film. The appropriation of documentary material also plays an important role in the series of poems devoted to nature or science, many of which present themselves as riddles. An entire chapter is devoted to the analysis of these fascinating riddle poems. The various personages portrayed in Mausoleum comprise not only scientists, inventors, explorers, and thinkers who were responsible for truly world-changing discoveries (Gutenberg, Humboldt, and Darwin for example), but also a whole series of historical figures whose admission to this oddball pantheon is best explained by the bizarreness of their often utopian projects or by their compulsive or megalomaniacal personalities. The playful and provocative Enzensberger clearly chose several of these latter for their shock value (Raimondo di Sangro, V. M. Molotov, Ernesto Guevara de la Serna). Our reading of this collection demonstrates Enzensberger’s willingness to undermine seriousness with irony and humor, hence the presence of Dante and Marilyn Monroe on board the sinking Titanic. The final chapter examines the relation between poetry and politics and examines the notorious essay ?Gemeinplätze, die Neueste Literatur betreffend? (1968) as well as the disturbing interview with the Weimarer Beiträge (1971), in which the poet expresses his thankfully short-lived rejection of literature as art and his desire to break out of the ?Ghetto des Kulturlebens.? This chapter also discusses the influence of Bertolt Brecht. Other chapters focus on the poet’s taste for anachronism, his ?asynchronous? sensibility, and the recurrent theme of disappearance. --
A set of provocative ideas about recalibrating the relationship between Australia and the USA to deliver peace and prosperity rather than conflict and disharmony America matters. Australia matters. They matter to each other. They matter to the world. Their institutional and structural alignments are deep and powerful. Americans believe in themselves. Australians believe in each other. They are mates. They are gregarious. Americans are single-minded and ambitious. Success is the reward for effort. Australians are happy-go-lucky. They do not push themselves too hard. Americans honour success. Australians cut down tall poppies. Both are brash. There are also many contrasts. America is religious. Australia is secular. Curiously, their differences help to explain why they are so close – and why their relationship is so superficial. They share interests: they like winning and being in charge; they like wealth, and they like being liked. They like condescension, and excluding people they do not like. 'National security' is a major shared interest. So is racism. America's (and Australia's) recent wars have all been against non-whites. Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan are worse off for the wars we fought. So are we. Despite the political rhetoric, America and Australians do not share values. They do not share the values of equality, inclusion, respect, tolerance and trust. They do share a pervasive sense of insecurity. America supports a gun and war culture regardless of the costs, and Australia supports American adventurism unconditionally. Their focus on security emphasises war, not peace. America is floundering and appears to have lost its way. It needs friends that advise and encourage. As rich and powerful first-world nations, America and Australia share a problem: how to recalibrate their relationship to deliver peace and prosperity rather than conflict and disharmony. In The Odd Couple, Allan Behm suggests ways that America and Australia can transcend military glitz to strengthen well-being and human security worldwide. America needs a friend, not a flunkey, and Australia may become its best ally.
This volume contains a state-of-the-art discussion of recent progress in a range of related topics in symplectic geometry and mathematical physics, including symplectic groupoids, geometric quantization, noncommutative differential geometry, equivariant cohomology, deformation quantization, topological quantum field theory, and knot invariants.
Violent crime suddenly becomes personal for New York private investigator, Nathan Marley. A relative of Stella Delgado, Marley's assistant, is arrested for a brutal murder, and unidentified bodies are washed up on a beach. Marley's search for the truth takes him to the Russian American community where he finds a wall of silence. Behind the wall, there is trade in illegal immigration and a lot of dirty money.
From the remarkable perspective of a man whose extraordinary life and diverse experiences spanned much of the 20th century, ALAN F KAY is in a unique position to expound on the ideals and philosophies that will get us through the first hundred years of the new millennium. From his tenure as an army interpreter in postwar occupied Japan and his years as a mathematician and engineer on Defense Department projects during the early days of the Cold War, Kay garnered lessons in how to conduct military and intelligence operations in a humane, honorable, and scientifically oriented manner. As a "serial entrepreneur" who built his fortune on anticipating the telecommunications revolution of the 1960s and '70s-indeed, in anticipating the Internet itself-Kay discovered how a focused creativity can create entire new markets. As a worker for world peace who joined nuclear-disarmament missions to the Soviet Union in the 1980s, Kay saw how open-mindedness and a willingness to embrace our fellows across our common ground is necessary for long-term accord. Here, in his cheerful but frank autobiography, Kay shares the wisdom of his life as a militarist, millionaire, and peacenik.
Alan Simmons summarizes and synthesizes the evidence for prehistoric seafaring and island habitation in the Mediterranean as part of the mounting evidence that our ancestors developed sailing skills early in prehistory.
The Jews of Khazaria explores the history and culture of Khazaria—a large empire in eastern Europe (located in present-day Ukraine and Russia) in the early Middle Ages noted for its adoption of the Jewish religion. The third edition of this modern classic features new and updated material throughout, including new archaeological findings, new genetic evidence, and new information about the migration of the Khazars. Though little-known today, Khazaria was one of the largest political formations of its time—an economic and cultural power connected to several important trade routes and known for its religious tolerance. After the royal family converted to Judaism in the ninth century, many nobles and common people did likewise. The Khazars were ruled by a succession of Jewish kings and adopted many hallmarks of Jewish civilization, including study of the Torah and Talmud, Hebrew script, and the observance of Jewish holidays. The third edition of The Jews of Khazaria tells the compelling true story of this kingdom past.
“A story that is at once a real-life thriller and an immensely sinister cautionary tale about the new Russia.”—Star Tribune In this breathtaking true crime narrative, an award-winning journalist exposes the troubling truth behind the world’s first act of nuclear terrorism. On November 1, 2006, Alexander Litvinenko sipped tea in London’s Millennium Hotel. Hours later, the Russian émigré and former intelligence officer, who was sharply critical of Russian president Vladimir Putin, fell ill and within days was rushed to the hospital. Fatally poisoned by a rare radioactive isotope slipped into his drink, Litvinenko issued a dramatic deathbed statement accusing Putin himself of engineering his murder. Who was Alexander Litvinenko? What had happened in Russia since the end of the Cold War to make his life there untenable? And how did he really die? The life of Alexander Litvinenko culminated in an event that rang alarm bells among Western governments at the ease with which radioactive materials were deployed in a major Western capital to commit a unique crime. It also evoked a wide range of other issues: Russia’s lurch to authoritarianism, the return of the KGB to the Kremlin, the perils of a new Cold War driven by the oil riches of Russia and Vladimir Putin’s thirst for power. Alan S. Cowell, former London Bureau Chief of the New York Times, has written the definitive story of this assassination and the profound international implications of this first act of nuclear terrorism. A masterful work of investigative reporting, The Terminal Spy offers unprecedented insight into one of the most chilling true stories of our time.
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