The focus of Biotechnology Fundamentals is to educate readers on both classical and modern aspects of biotechnology and to expose them to a range of topics, from basic information to complex technicalities. Other books cover subjects individually, but this text offers a rare topical combination of coverage, using numerous helpful illustrations to explore the information that students and researchers need to intelligently shape their careers. Keeping pace with the rapid advancement of the field, topics covered include: How biotechnology products are produced Differences between scientific research conducted in universities and industry Which areas of biotechnology offer the best and most challenging career opportunities Key laboratory techniques and protocols employed in the field The contents of this book are derived from discussions between teachers and undergraduate students and designed to address the concepts and methods thought useful by both sides. Starting with the fundamentals of biotechnology, coverage includes definitions, historical perspectives, timelines, and major discoveries, in addition to products, research and development, career prospects, ethical issues, and future trends. The author explains that even before it had been classified as its own field, biotechnology was already being applied in plant breeding, in vitro fertilization, alcohol fermentation, and other areas. He then delves into new developments in areas including stem cell research, cloning, biofuels, transgenic plants, genetically modified food/crops, pharmacogenomics, and nanobiotechnology. Incorporating extensive pedagogy into the content, this book provides plenty of examples, end-of-chapter problems, case studies, and lab tutorials to help reinforce understanding.
The book explains genesis, expansion, development, and modernisation of the Pakistan Army. It undertakes only the Pakistan Army and does not include the Pakistan Nay and the Pakistan Air Force. The book comprehensively explains and analyses the Pakistan Army. Initially, Pakistan had faced several challenges to meet its defence needs. Pakistan pursued strategy of external alignment to get arms and financial assistance. Pakistan obtained arms from various sources such as the US, Britain, China, Russia (former USSR), France, and others. It explains Pakistan's tie with arms suppliers and dynamics in their relationships. China transferred not only arms to Pakistan but also assisted in establishing defence industries. Pakistan-China complex relationship and Beijing's arms transfer policy towards Islamabad added intricacies in the regional security. Pakistan's arms acquisitions policy helped not only in expanding and modernising the Pakistan Army but also contributed in expanding and strengthening the defence industrial base. With the 550000 strength, modern and sophisticated arms, missiles and nuclear capable delivery missiles, the Pakistan Army has emerged a force in the region.
This Book Presents A Thorough Exposition Of The Basic Concepts And Methods Involved In Structural Engineering. Starting With A Lucid Account Of Consistent Deformation, The Book Explains The Slope Deflection And Moment Distribution Methods.Equations Of Kanis Methods Are Explained Next, Followed By A Detailed Account Of Distribution Of Deformation And Column Analogy Method. The Book Concludes With A Thorough Description Of Indeterminate Structures.The Various Principles And Techniques Are Illustrated With Suitable Solved Examples Throughout The Book. Numerous Practice Problems Have Also Been Included.With Its Simple And Systematic Approach, The Book Would Serve As An Ideal Text For Both Degree And Diploma Students Of Civil Engineering. Amie Candidates And Practising Engineers Would Also Find It Extremely Useful.
This Book Represents The Translation Of The Author'S Structural Design Experience In The United States Of America In Terms Of The Indian Code Of Practice And His Perception Of The Needs Of The Engineering Students Of The Indian Schools.A Former Lecturer In Civil Engineering At Aligarh Muslim University In India And, Later, A Practicing Engineer In The U.S.A. Over Three Decades, The Author Has Presented A Pleasant And Useful Blend Of The Theory And Practice Of Structural Design In Steel. The Book Incorporates Just Enough Theory For The Readers To Feel Comfortable With The Details Of The Design Problems That Form An Integral Part Of This Presentation. The Basic Concepts And Fundamental ``Building Blocks`` Of Steel Design Presented In The ``Traditional`` Chapters On Structural Fasteners, Tension Members, Beams Etc., Are Later Used To Familiarize The Readers With The More Interesting And Challenging Design Topics Of Special Connections, Multistorey Building Frames, Industrial Buildings And Plastic Analysis And Design. Illustrative Examples With A Practical Bias Are Extensively Used And Problems In Day-To-Day Engineering With Possible Solutions Are Emphasized.Written In An Easy And Concise Style, The Book Incorporates A Large Number Of Example Problems Along With A Set Of Expanded Steel Tables To Help The Readers Hone Their Knowledge And Skills. Students As Well As Practicing Engineers Will Find This Book Of Considerable Interest And Use.
Ever increasing urbanization is impacting both the quantity and quality of urban water resources. These urban water resources and components of the water cycle are likely to be affected severely. To minimize the consequences on world water resources, the development of sustainable water resources management strategies is inevitable. An integrated urban water resources management strategy is the key to maintain sustainable water resources. A preliminary understanding of physio-chemical processes and analysis methodologies involved in each and every component of the urban water cycle is necessary. In the past these components have been investigated and published individually. With the view to aiding the development of integrated urban water resources management strategies, this book endeavors to present and explain the major urban water cycle components from a single holistic platform. The book presents the introduction, analysis and design methods of a wide range of urban water components i.e., rainfall, flood, drainage, water supply and waste water with the additions of sustainability practices in most of the components. Current "Hydrology" and "Hydraulics" books do not incorporate sustainability features and practices, while there are many books on general "Sustainability" without integrating sustainability concepts into typical engineering designs. The book starts with components and classifications of world water resources, then basic and detailed components of the hydrologic cycle, climate change and its impacts on hydrologic cycle, rainfall patterns and measurements, rainfall losses, derivations of design rainfalls, streamflow measurements, flood frequency analysis and probabilistic flood estimations, deterministic flood estimations, unit hydrograph, flood modelling, commercial modelling tools and use of Geographical Information System (GIS) for flood modelling, principles of open channel hydraulics, critical flow and flow classification indices, open channel flow profiles, uniform flow in open channel and open channel design, estimation of future population and domestic water demand, design of water supply systems, sustainable water supply system, water treatments, wastewater quantification, wastewater treatments, sustainable and decentralized wastewater treatment, stormwater drainage and urban drainage analysis, water footprint and water-energy nexus, features of water conservation, harvesting and recycling, components of sustainable urban design, stormwater treatment and integrated water management.
Annotation This study aims to make a comprehensive and rigorous policy-theoretic study of Islamic economic co-operation in contemporary perspectives. The principles of Islamic economic theory are rigorously applied to the models, quantitative aspects and analysis of issues relating to Islamic development co-operation. Comparative perspectives of the theory of international economics and development economics are integrated. Critical issues on development financing facing the developing economies in general and the significant proportionate representation of the Islamic economic region in this, are also examined. Finally, the potential of Islamic economic co-operation in the South-South context and the North-South context are studied.
Document from the year 2015 in the subject Biology - Botany, , course: Research, language: English, abstract: The present compilation of moss flora of India revealed the occurrence of total 1578 species of mosses which belong to 21 orders, under 66 families and 328 genera. Out of these 897 retained their valid status, while 437 species are now considered as synonym and status of 244 species is still unresolved i.e. doubtful name. 130 taxa have been reported as endemic to India.
Plant foods are an essential part of our daily diet and constitute one of the highest contributors to the world economy. These foods are rich in phenolic compounds, which play a significant role in maintaining our health. This textbook presents a comprehensive overview of the chemistry, biochemistry and analysis of phenolic compounds present in a variety of foods. The text can be used as a singular source of knowledge for plant food science and technology, covering all of the important chemical, biochemical and analytical aspects needed for a thorough understanding of phenolic antioxidants in foods. Phenolic Antioxidants In Foods: Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Analysis is comprised of three sections. The first section covers the basic concepts of antioxidants, their chemistry and their chemical composition in foods, providing a detailed introduction to the concept. The second section covers the biochemical aspects of phenolic antioxidants, including their biosynthetic pathways, biological effects and the molecular mechanism of antioxidant effects in the biological system. This section promotes an understanding of the fundamental biochemical reactions that take place in foods and after digestion and absorption. The third section covers the analytical chemistry used in the analysis of phenolic antioxidants in foods, including the basic analytical procedures, methods for analysis and chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses. This section is significant for aspiring food chemists and manufacturers to evaluate the nature and chemistry of phenolic antioxidants in foods. Featuring helpful quizzes, section summaries, and key chapter points, this textbook is the perfect learning tool for advanced chemistry undergraduates and post-graduates looking to gain a fundamental understanding of phenolic antioxidants in food products.
With both nickel and cobalt featuring heavily in modern industry, there is an ongoing and intense interest in ore supplies and processing, applications development, and recycling. This book presents a collection of authoritative papers covering the latest advances in all aspects of nickel and cobalt processing, including fundamentals, technology, operating practices, and related areas of Platinum-Group Metals (PGM) processing. Special emphasis is given to the treatment of sulphide and laterite ores, concentrates, and secondary materials for the production of nickel and cobalt.
Comparative Economic Theory: Occidental and Islamic Perspectives seeks first to elucidate the nature and methodology of Islamic political economy as a process-oriented social economy guided by its cardinal epistemology of Oneness of God (Divine Unity). From this premise is then derived the episteme of unification of knowledge upon which is developed the methodological content of an extremely interactive, integrative and revolutionary world-view of political economy and a meta-theory of the socio-scientific order. Secondly, while laying out the building blocks of Islamic political economy and its much wider methodological implication for the socio-scientific order, this book offers a comparative study of occidental thought in the same areas. Thirdly, topics of microeconomics and macroeconomic theory are covered. This book concludes with chapters on methodology and an analytical postscript to show how the interactive, integrative and evolutionary world-view of knowledge-induced systems described by the Islamic political economy presents new visions of scientific thinking.
The book provides general knowledge of automatic control engineering and its applications. Providing an overview of control theory and systems, the chapters introduce transfer functions, modeling of control systems, automatic control systems, block diagrams, and signal flow graphs. While control system analysis and design are accompanied by root-locus methods and frequency response analyses, distributed control systems, nonlinarity in control systems including Z-transformation are also presented. With straightforward demonstrations, examples, and multiple-choice questions, this book can be used as a reference textbook for electrical and electronics engineering, computer control engineering, automation engineering, mechatronics engineering, mechanics, robotics, AI control systems, hydraulics, process engineering, safety control engineering, aeronautical and aerospace engineering, auto-pilot system, decision-making system, and stock exchange, and will be suitable for majors, non-majors, and experts in the field of science and technology.
This book presents the building blocks of Islamic economics as meso-science, offering an in-depth study of the Qur’anic worldview of the monotheistic unity of knowledge, which is the universal and unique message of Tawhid in the Qur’an. This primal ontological premise is formalised in an analytical approach that introduces and unpacks the philosophical concepts of ontology, epistemology, and phenomenology in relation to the Tawhidi methodological worldview. The analysis of Qur’anic logical consistency is then cast in a phenomenological perspective by applying the complete model of the unity of knowledge of the Qur’an in a specific study of the Tawhidi methodological approach to Islamic financial-economic theory. In doing so, it tackles the problems of meso-economics given its socio-scientific holism in world affairs. It hones in on the results of the symbiotic modulation of evolutionary learning processes in the world system of the unity of knowledge and its material embedding across knowledge, and knowledge-induced space and time dimensions. The author poses that Shari’ah is only partial in its scope, and excludes an analytical methodological worldview. Shari’ah is thus cast in the midst of a meso-socio-scientific absence of any appertaining methodology. The book is a landmark work in the conceptual and applied understanding of Tawhid as the methodological worldview of the monotheistic unity of knowledge in the meso-socio-scientific realm of ‘everything’, particularised to Islamic economics. Adopting an inter-disciplinary view integrating various fields, it challenges pervasive Western academic and institutional thinking in terms of economics. It will be of interest to students and researchers in Islamic economics, religious theory, Islamic philosophy, development studies, and finance.
A wide-ranging exploration of the science and practice of food frying Frying is one of the world’s most popular methods of food preparation. Whether using oils or fats, it is valued for the particular flavors and textures it can bring, and represents a multibillion-dollar sector of the global economy. Food Frying: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Safety explores this important cooking technique in its scientific dimensions, charting the relationships between the chemical reactions produced during frying, the changes in food quality that these engender, and associated digestive and health-related issues. By outlining these connections, the author provides an aid to a safer, healthier approach to food frying. Topics covered range from culturally specific forms of frying to detailed analyses of the chemical and biochemical processes involved in its practice. Delivering these insights in a practical and easy-to-follow manner, this unique text includes: A complete survey of food frying, encompassing cultural, chemical, biochemical, and toxicological concerns Guidance on the accurate assessment of health, quality, and safety issues associated with food frying Coverage of the latest technologies and methods involved with frying Information on the possible future development of fried foods Food Frying: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Safety is an invaluable resource for all those who work with fried foods, whether they be food industry professionals, food scientists, or workers in the oil and fat industries.
Recent advances in semiconductor technology offer vertical interconnect access (via) that extend through silicon, popularly known as through silicon via (TSV). This book provides a comprehensive review of the theory behind TSVs while covering most recent advancements in materials, models and designs. Furthermore, depending on the geometry and physical configurations, different electrical equivalent models for Cu, carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene nanoribbon (GNR) based TSVs are presented. Based on the electrical equivalent models the performance comparison among the Cu, CNT and GNR based TSVs are also discussed.
A study of ethico-economic theorizing on socio-economic development, this book examines critically the views currently held by theoreticians' comprehensive concept of the world view in development theory, then reconsiders various global issues, both in theoretical and applied perspectives.
The fields of morality and ethics have been left out significantly from socio-scientific study in general and in economics and finance in particular. Yet this book argues that in this age of post-modernist analytical inquiry, the study of morality and ethics is an epistemological requirement. This book illustrates the delimiting nature of mainstream economic reasoning in treating morality and ethics and highlights the potential contribution of analytical monotheism, as typified by the Islamic concept of Tahwid. The principal purpose of this book is to undertake an introductory exploration of the critical area of comparative economic thought in order to place the nature and emergence of ethico-economic theory in its proper context. It is ultimately argued that such a post-orthodoxy revolutionary methodological worldview can be presented by Islamic political economy, Islamic economics and finance.
This volume is a scholarly work on the foundations of the role that the moral and ethical law plays on human enterprise comprising economics, finance, society and science. Divided into three parts, theoretical, empirical and application, the study covers a vast area of socio-scientific investigation and is extensively comparative in perspective.
This text is aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics and/or engineering who have exposure to basic quantum mechanics and electromagnetism. Problems and exercises are included to help readers develop both calculational and conceptual skills.
This textbook covers latest topics in the field of digital logic design along with tools to design the digital logic circuits. It is designed for the undergraduate students pursuing courses in areas of engineering disciplines such as Electrical and Electronics, Electronics and Communication, Electronics and Instrumentation, Telecommunications, and Computer Science and Engineering. It is also useful as a text for MCA, M.Sc. (Electronics) and M.Sc. (Computer Science) students. The contents of this book have been organized in a systematic manner so as to inculcate sound knowledge and concepts amongst its readers. It covers basic concepts in combinational and sequential circuit design such as digital electronics, digital signal processing, number system, data and information representation and, computer arithmetic. Besides this, advanced topics in digital logic design such as various types of counter design, register design, ALU design, threshold circuit and, digital computer design are also discussed in the book. Key features • Question Bank containing numerous multiple choice questions with their answers • Short answer questions, long answer questions and multiple choice questions at the end of each chapter • Extensive use of graphs and diagrams for better understanding of the subject
This volume takes a unique and challenging look at how money has operated in Islamic society and at how Islamic theoretical frameworks have influenced perceptions of money. The author draws upon historical, data and policy analysis to present a comparative study of monetary theories, including recent treatment of money by Islamic economists. Discussion also covers the nature of joint venture, stock markets, banks and financial intermediaries, price stability and international trade. This work sheds pioneering light in this area, and will be of interest to academics, graduates and researchers internationally.
Can there be God-conscious organizational behaviour in the real world of today’s capitalist corporations and the alternatives? In this overview of God-consciousness as a moral-awareness model of preference formation, functions, structures, and programs of organization within the purview of institutions and society, the authors explain and compare the major ethical issues of organizational behaviour and structure in Islamic economic theory and application. By analysing the nature of inclusive organizations and institutions, and the ethical preferences in Islamic choice framework, the authors from Saudi Arabia, Australia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Canada, Indonesia and the UK, can highlight individual aspects to show whether capitalist organizational behaviour is sustainable. They describe how The Tawhidi epistemological framework governing conscious moral decision-making by institutions and organization, are used to establish the meaning and potential application of the concept of sustainability, and whether organizational moral objectives achieve their goals of life-fulfilment development, Poverty alleviation and the equitable distribution of wealth and resources.
This book comprises of 74 contributions from the experts covering the following topics. " Information Communication Technologies " Network Technologies " Wireless And Sensor Networks " Soft Computing " Circuits and Systems " Software Engineering " Data Mining " Bioinformatics " Data and Network Security
In order to sustain Moore's Law-based device scaling, principal attention has focused on toward device architectural innovations for improved device performance as per ITRS projections for technology nodes up to 10 nm. Efficient integration of lower substrate temperatures (
This new title presents up-to-the-minute guidance on the hottest non-surgical skin tightening and lifting techniques shaping today's practice. It focuses on procedural how-tos and offers step-by-step advice on proper techniques, pitfalls, and tricks of the trade.
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