Starting in 1994, Cameroon introduced regulatory and market-based reforms to regulate access to its rainforests, balance public and private interests in those forests, and integrate wider economic, cultural, and environmental perspectives of the value of forests. Based on historical data and extensive interviews, this report concludes that the reforms brought order over the most aggressively competing interests and started to address deeper social and environmental issues, but a significant unfinished agenda remains. On the positive side, information on the boundaries, ownership, use rights, and management of Cameroon s rainforests has become available for public scrutiny, along with information on detection and prosecution of illegal activities. Better and better known rules of the game have improved forest governance and collaboration between forest institutions and civil society. More than 60 percent of Cameroon s rainforests are under management systems that emphasize sustainability. Illegal logging has declined sharply managed parks and production forests, although it persists in rural areas. The restructured forest industry has adopted internationally recognized management practices that have started to align logging with the forest s capacity to regenerate. Cameroon has established rules to preserve customary rights to forests, and community forests have progressed despite unanticipated challenges. Yet further reform is needed. Deeper recognition of the customary rights of all people who depend on Cameroon s forests, regardless of ethnicity, is vital. Timber and nontimber forest products like medicinal plants and bush meat remain subject to illegal exploitation outside state forests. Cameroon needs qualified eco-investors to sustain conservation and diminish reliance on timber production. Community involvement in the management of all types of forests should expand further. Great attention to local markets and small firms will strengthen forest governance and the forest industry in important ways. Rewarding responsible corporate behavior with more lenient bank guarantees and tax incentives may prove as important for conserving forests as punishing corporate misbehavior.
Agroforestry is recognized as a sustainable land-use management in the tropics, as it provides environmental-friendly ecosystems; it also provides people with their every day need for food and cash. Since the recognition of agroforestry as a science, curricula have been developed for agroforestry programs for undergraduate and graduate trainings in Universities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and make available educational material. This textbook strives to provide up-to-date information on tropical agroforestry to serve as educational material in the tropical context. The authoritative textbook of Nair (1993) on agroforestry was published 18 years ago, and before the advent of tree domestication, an important agroforestry practice today. In addition, many other research activities, such as carbon sequestration and integrated pest management, have been included in the agroforestry agenda. This textbook is intended for agroforestry students, teachers, and practitioners.
Tumors cells no longer confined to an affected organ can be released through lymph and the blood stream, disseminate and form metastases. Metastases to the spine are frequent, may be painful and may occur in an isolated or multiple level manner, they may lead to structural failure of the spinal column and cause com pression of nerve structures resulting in progressive paralysis or in painful radi culopathies. The dinical evaluation as weIl as to tumor pathophysiology are weIl explai ned in two general chapters and then each specific primary tumor is analyzed in a specific chapter. The choice was made to offer a multidisciplinary approach. One may thus find similar aspects repeated in different chapters, yet this is ne ces sary since each part of this textbook can be used as a specific reference. I was impressed by the carefully detailed humane approach to the patient information with care for the patient's dignity. Truthful information is explained dearly enough to give all the elements the patient needs to understand and accept neces sary treatments with a responsible attitude. Previously, when confronted with a patient suffering from a debilitating spine metastasis of a malignant tumor it has been almost always too late to offer anything more than compassionate ineffica cy. Surgical treatment was balanced with life expectancy and then only rarely indicated in certain specific cases.
A comprehensive reference on diabetes mellitus, covering basic biochemistry, physiology, and pathogenesis, as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment. The Sixth Edition includes five new chapters, plus new material on the genetic basis of the disease, new hypoglycemic drugs, mechanisms of hormone action, and regulation of hormone secretion.
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