This book covers the optical and electrical properties of nanoscale materials with an emphasis on how new and unique material properties result from the special nature of their electronic band structure. Beginning with a review of the optical and solid state physics needed for understanding optical and electrical properties, the book then introduces the electronic band structure of solids and discusses the effect of spin orbit coupling on the valence band, which is critical for understanding the optical properties of most nanoscale materials. Excitonic effects and excitons are also presented along with their effect on optical absorption. 2D materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, are host to unique electrical properties resulting from the electronic band structure. This book devotes significant attention to the optical and electrical properties of 2D and topological materials with an emphasis on optical measurements, electrical characterization of carrier transport, and a discussion of the electronic band structures using a tight binding approach. This book succinctly compiles useful fundamental and practical information from one of the fastest growing research topics in materials science and is thus an essential compendium for both students and researchers in this rapidly moving field.
This book introduces a new generation of statistical econometrics. After linear models leading to analytical expressions for estimators, and non-linear models using numerical optimization algorithms, the availability of high- speed computing has enabled econometricians to consider econometric models without simple analytical expressions. The previous difficulties presented by the presence of integrals of large dimensions in the probability density functions or in the moments can be circumvented by a simulation-based approach. After a brief survey of classical parametric and semi-parametric non-linear estimation methods and a description of problems in which criterion functions contain integrals, the authors present a general form of the model where it is possible to simulate the observations. They then move to calibration problems and the simulated analogue of the method of moments, before considering simulated versions of maximum likelihood, pseudo-maximum likelihood, or non-linear least squares. The general principle of indirect inference is presented and is then applied to limited dependent variable models and to financial series.
Today, the availability of bright and highly coherent electron sources and sensitive detectors has radically changed the type and quality of the information which can be obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEMs are now present in large numbers not only in academia, but also in industrial research centers and fabs. This book presents in a simple and practical way the new quantitative techniques based on TEM which have recently been invented or developed to address most of the main challenging issues scientists and process engineers have to face to develop or optimize semiconductor layers and devices. Several of these techniques are based on electron holography; others take advantage of the possibility of focusing intense beams within nanoprobes. Strain measurements and mappings, dopant activation and segregation, interfacial reactions at the nanoscale, defect identification and specimen preparation by FIB are among the topics presented in this book. After a brief presentation of the underlying theory, each technique is illustrated through examples from the lab or fab.
Organ transplantation has been successfully performed over the last 35 years and the number of organ allograft recipients is steadily increasing. Long-term immunosuppression, necessary for good graft function, inevitably induces undesired effects (particularly infectious and neoplastic ones) among which cutaneous ones are very frequent and potentially life-threatening. This book deals with all aspects of cutaneous disorders that may be encountered in the setting of organ transplantation. It reflects the pioneering work performed since long by Dermatologists in Lyon, in collaboration with teams specialised in kidney, heart, lung, liver and pancreas transplantation.
In recent years, international trade has become a subject of increaed practical importance and also one of the most intellectually exciting parts of economics. In his introduction to this volume, Paul Krugman outlines why this is so, by analysing the original contribution of the New Trade Theory in interpreting and explaining the observed trade behaviour of the past twenty years. Then follow sections which discuss: formal tests of the New Trade Theory, Price Discrimination and Exchange Rate, as well as New Protectionism, measures of Comparative Advantages and Import Demand in industrialized and developing countries. Some chapters also use GCE models to evaluate Trade Protectionism, while others encompass External Trade within aggregate Disequilibrium Models.
Mathematics of the Financial Markets Financial Instruments and Derivatives Modeling, Valuation and Risk Issues "Alain Ruttiens has the ability to turn extremely complex concepts and theories into very easy to understand notions. I wish I had read his book when I started my career!" Marco Dion, Global Head of Equity Quant Strategy, J.P. Morgan "The financial industry is built on a vast collection of financial securities that can be valued and risk profiled using a set of miscellaneous mathematical models. The comprehension of these models is fundamental to the modern portfolio and risk manager in order to achieve a deep understanding of the capabilities and limitations of these methods in the approximation of the market. In his book, Alain Ruttiens exposes these models for a wide range of financial instruments by using a detailed and user friendly approach backed up with real-life data examples. The result is an excellent entry-level and reference book that will help any student and current practitioner up their mathematical modeling skills in the increasingly demanding domain of asset and risk management." Virgile Rostand, Consultant, Toronto ON "Alain Ruttiens not only presents the reader with a synthesis between mathematics and practical market dealing, but, more importantly a synthesis of his thinking and of his life." René Chopard, CEO, Centro di Studi Bancari Lugano, Vezia / Professor, Università dell'Insubria, Varese "Alain Ruttiens has written a book on quantitative finance that covers a wide range of financial instruments, examples and models. Starting from first principles, the book should be accessible to anyone who is comfortable with trading strategies, numbers and formulas." Dr Yuh-Dauh Lyuu, Professor of Finance & Professor of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Taiwan University
Tells the story of the birth of the building trades as represented in the Gothic cathedrals and castles erected in medieval western Europe, discussing the development of the tools and techniques that enabled them to be built.
Recent advances have carried hepatology to new frontiers. The increasing frequency with which steatotic and cirrhotic livers undergo surgery obliges liver surgeons and hepatologists to understand the molecular mechanisms at play in these situations. Comprehension of the signaling pathways participating in liver regeneration, hepatocellular apoptosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury is essential. This book serves as a source of information to facilitate the reading of the literature and the planning of trials. Translational medicine implies knowledge of the molecular targets of novel therapeutic strategies. It is our goal to stimulate more research that can lead to more exchanges between the laboratory, the clinical ward and the operating room.
This book examines in detail the role of transfontanellar pulsed and color Doppler imaging in the fetus and neonate. After an introductory chapter on the technical aspects of Doppler ultrasonography, its use in the normal neonate is considered. Results of the hemodynamic evaluation of 491 newborns aged from 32 weeks of gestation to 9 months by means of pulsed and color Doppler are reported. Normal values of the resistive index as determined by this technique are documented, and systolic, diastolic, and mean velocities in seven different vessels are presented. It is concluded that Doppler ultrasonography enables reliable analysis of arterial and venous velocities. Subsequent chapters examine the use of transfontanellar Doppler imaging in a variety of commonly encountered pathological conditions, including intracranial hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, pericerebral collections, sinus thrombosis, intacranial infections and brain malformations.
This book covers the optical and electrical properties of nanoscale materials with an emphasis on how new and unique material properties result from the special nature of their electronic band structure. Beginning with a review of the optical and solid state physics needed for understanding optical and electrical properties, the book then introduces the electronic band structure of solids and discusses the effect of spin orbit coupling on the valence band, which is critical for understanding the optical properties of most nanoscale materials. Excitonic effects and excitons are also presented along with their effect on optical absorption. 2D materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, are host to unique electrical properties resulting from the electronic band structure. This book devotes significant attention to the optical and electrical properties of 2D and topological materials with an emphasis on optical measurements, electrical characterization of carrier transport, and a discussion of the electronic band structures using a tight binding approach. This book succinctly compiles useful fundamental and practical information from one of the fastest growing research topics in materials science and is thus an essential compendium for both students and researchers in this rapidly moving field.
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