This work includes the collected interviews with the first Japanese film director to become widely known in the West when his film "Rashomon" won the top prize at the Venice Film Festival in 1951.
This book is a capstone to the magisterial career of one of Japan's most senior scholars of risk, accounting, and management. How can companies and organizations navigate today's world, rife with unexpected challenges and opportunities? In this trenchant book, Nishimura offers case studies, theoretical models, and useful strategies for the new normal. This book will be useful to scholars, businesspeople, and bankers.
Until recently the low-coordinate compounds of the heavier elements of group 14 were known only as transient, unstable species which were difficult to isolate. However recent developments have led to the stabilisation of these compounds and today heavier group 14 element cations, radicals, anions, carbene analogues, alkene and alkyne analogues and aromatics have all been prepared as highly reactive, stable, fully characterizable and readily available organometallic reagents. Organometallic Compounds of Low-Coordinate Si, Ge, Sn and Pb describes the chemistry of this exciting new class of organometallics, with an emphasis on their major similarities and differences with the analogous species in organic chemistry. Topics covered include include the synthesis, structure, reactions and synthetic applications of : Si-, Ge-, Sn and Pb-centered cations, radicals and anions heavy analogues of carbenes: silylenes, germylenes, stannylenes and plumbylenes heavy analogues of alkenes: disilenes, digermenes, distannenes, diplumbenes heavy analogues of alkynes: disilynes, digermynes, distannynes, diplumbynes, and their valence isomers heteronuclear derivatives: silenes, germenes, stannenes, silagermenes, silastannenes, germastannenes heavy analogues of alkenes of the type: >E14=E13-, >E14=E15-, >E14=E16 [where E13, E14, E15 and E16 are elements of the groups 13, 14, 15 and 16] cyclic compounds (three-, four-, five-, and six-membered rings) heavy analogues of 1,3-dienes, allenes and other cumulenes heavy analogues of aromatic compounds; including a comparison between organometallic and organic aromaticity Organometallic Compounds of Low-Coordinate Si, Ge, Sn and Pb is an essential guide to this emerging class of organometallic reagents for researchers and students in main group, organometallic, synthetic and silicon chemistry
When the war ended on August IS, 1945, I was a naval engineering cadet at the Kure Navy Yard near Hiroshima, Japan. A week later, I was demobi lized and returned to my home in Tokyo, fortunate not to find it ravaged by firebombing. At the beginning of September, a large contingent of the Ameri can occupation forces led by General Douglas MacArthur moved its base from Yokohama to Tokyo. Near my home I watched a procession of American mili tary motor vehicles snaking along Highway 1. This truly awe-inspiring cavalcade included jeeps, two-and-a-half-ton trucks, and enormous trailers mounted with tanks and artillery. At the time, I was a 21-year-old student in the Machinery Section of Engineering at the Tokyo Imperial University. Watching that mag nificent parade of military vehicles, I was more than impressed by the gap in industrial strength between Japan and the U. S. That realization led me to devote my whole life to the development of the Japanese auto industry. I wrote a small article concerning this incident in Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun (one of the leading business newspapers in Japan) on May 2, 1983. The English translation of this story was carried in the July 3, 1983 edition of the Topeka Capital-Journal and the September 13, 1983 issue of the Asian Wall Street Journal. The Topeka Capital-Journal headline read, "MacArthur's Jeeps Were the Toyota Catalyst.
Sexual difference in the brain has long been one of the more intriguing research areas in the field of neuroscience. This thorough and comprehensive text uncovers and explains recent neurobiological and molecular biological studies in the field of neuroscience as they relate to the mechanisms underlying sexual differentiation of the brain. Attempts have been made to clarify sex differences in the human brain using noninvasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging. Sexual Differentiation of the Brain thoroughly examines these techniques and findings, providing an up-to-date, comprehensive overview written by leading researchers in the field. Just a few of the topics addressed include genetic contributions to the sexual differentiation of behavior; in-vitro studies of the effects of estrogen on estrogen receptor-transfected neuroblastoma cells; and the evolution of brain mechanisms controlling sexual behavior. Other topics include sexual differentiation of neural circuitry in the hypothalamus; structural sex differences in the mammalian brain; and sexual differentiation of cognitive functions in humans. With its revealing and informative chapters, as well as provocative treatment of the subject matter, Sexual Differentiation of the Brain helps shed new light on one of the most fascinating areas of brain research.
This book presents photoelectron spectroscopy as a valuable method for studying the electronic structures of various solid materials in the bulk state, on surfaces, and at buried interfaces. This second edition introduces the advanced technique of high-resolution and high-efficiency spin- and momentum-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using a novel momentum microscope, enabling high-precision measurements down to a length scale of some tens of nanometers. The book also deals with fundamental concepts and approaches to applying this and other complementary techniques, such as inverse photoemission, photoelectron diffraction, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, as well as photon spectroscopy based on (soft) x-ray absorption and resonance inelastic (soft) x-ray scattering. This book is the ideal tool to expand readers’ understanding of this marvelously versatile experimental method, as well as the electronic structures of metals and insulators.
Many students dutifully memorize the simple English equivalents that are usually given for Japanese words—with the result that they speak poor Japanese. Effective communication requires an understanding of the unique usages of Japanese vocabulary items, which often differ greatly from those of their English "equivalents." Until now, one of the biggest problems has been the lack of adequate reference materials on Japanese usage. This book fills the gap by concisely explaining 300 troublesome but essential words and phrases, which are alphabetically arranged for easy reference. It discusses not only how they should be used but also how they should not be used, contrasting them with their English "equivalents." The entries include many sample sentences and cross-references, along with notes on usage mistakes committed by the author's own students. Drawing on his long experience in teaching Japanese, as well as scholarly research, Professor Miura has produced a work that offers real help to students and teachers of the language everywhere.
Goto introduces the diverse and multilayered skylore and cultural astron- omy of the peoples of the Japanese Archipelago. Going as far back as the Jomon, Yayoi, and Kofun periods, this book examines the significance of constellations in the daily life of farmers, fishermen, sailors, priests, and the ruling classes throughout Japan’s ancient and medieval history. As well as covering the systems of the dominant Japanese people, he also explores the astronomy of the Ainu people of Hokkaido, and of the people of the Ryukyu Islands. Along the way he discusses the importance of astronomy in official rituals, mythol- ogy, and Shinto and Buddhist ceremonies. This book provides a unique overview of cultural astronomy in Japan and is a valuable resource for researchers as well as anyone who is inter- ested in Japanese culture and history.
Corporate Strategy for Dramatic Productivity Surge deals with the very basics of productivity and cost performance OCo including abridgement of time, increase in speed, enhancement of capabilities, increase in sensitivity and precision, enhancement of efficiency and effectiveness, alteration of size, reduction of costs and increase in revenue, among others.This book consists of five parts OCo Introduction, Case Studies of Super Effects in Management Functions, Case Studies of Global Scale Super Effects Realized, Case Studies of Super Effects in Marketing Domains, and Conclusion: The Road to Realizing the Super Effect OCo featuring more than fifty successful cases of productivity surge or super effects, including risk-driven ones. Productivity surge herein means a dramatic reduction of costs, at least by one-tenth, while maintaining effectiveness or discontinuous increase in effectiveness by at least 10 times, while keeping the costs the same.Cases highlighted in the book are instrumental and valuable for the organizations worldwide to evaluate processes, avoid unnecessary failure and work towards future success.
Professor Iriye analyses the origins of the 1941 conflict against the background of international relations in the preceding decade in order to answer the key question: Why did Japan decide to go to war against so formidable a combination of powers?
Metastasis is the spread of a disease from one organ or part to another non-contiguous organ or part. Only malignant tumour cells and infections have the capacity to metastasise. Cancer cells can "break away" from a primary tumour, penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and grow in a distant focus (metastasise) in normal tissues elsewhere in the body. Metastasis is considered a hallmark of malignancy. All tumours can metastasise albeit to varying degrees, barring a few exceptions (eg. Glioma and Basal cell carcinoma never metastasize). When cancer cells spread to form a new tumour, it is called a secondary, or metastatic tumour, and its cells are like those in the original tumour. This means, for example, that if breast cancer spreads (metastasizes) to the lung, the secondary tumour is made up of abnormal breast cells (not abnormal lung cells). The disease in the lung is then called metastatic breast cancer (not lung cancer). Only malignant tumour cells and infections have the capacity to metastasize. This book presents the latest research in the field from around the world.
Toriningu-pantsu are not training pants for babies who have not yet been toilet-trained. Toreningu-pantsu are sweat pants. When you jump into a swimming pool you will get wet, but not necessarily uetto. Volleyball, which was invented in the United States, is known as bareboru in Japan, but the tennis volley was the English gentleman's pride before it was America's . A tennis volley is therefore pronounced in British style, bore, not as American bare. Oru means "all" but has a more limited usage. Bosu is often used more negatively than English boss. Many people imagine that speakers of English who study the Japanese language find their way eased by the profusion of "English words" the Japanese have borrowed. Students of the language, however, often complain that borrowed words are more problematic than the older terms in the Japanese word pool. One of the biggest problems is the lack of adequate reference materials on the terms. Many of the existing works do little more than define the terms. This book handles the problematic areas. Here a reader will find sample sentences, tips on usage, and warnings against easy-to-commit mistakes. There are fascinating studies of how certain "English" terms were coined in Japan and of what led the Japanese to redefine certain common English words. Miura examines how certain words entered Japanese, and why they became popular. He theorizes on why an unexpected pronunciation developed. In discussing the borrowed terms, the author draws on many linguistic scholars, discusses prevailing beliefs on etymology and pronunciation, and uses his own considerable experience with both English and Japanese to help the student gain control of some of the most problematic words borrowed by J apanese from English . Each of the 850 words discussed under the text's more than 350 main headings is included in a n index for quick reference. The detail and currency of the explanations contained in this book are unmatched by other books on the subject. For the student hard put to use these borrowed words, this text offers real help.
During the past few decades we have witnessed an era of remarkable growth in the field of molecular biology. In 1950 very little was known of the chemical constitution of biological systems, the manner in which information was transmitted from one organism to another, or the extent to which the chemical basis of life is unified. The picture today is dramatically different. We have an almost bewildering variety of information detailing many different aspects oflife at the molecular level. These great advances have brought with them some breath-taking insights into the molecular mechanisms used by nature for replicating, distributing and modifying biological information. We have learned a great deal about the chemical and physical nature of the macro molecular nucleic acids and proteins, and the manner in which carbohydrates, lipids and smaller molecules work together to provide the molecular setting of living systems. It might be said that these few decades have replaced a near vacuum of informa tion with a very large surplus. It is in the context of this flood of information that this series of monographs on molecular biology has been organized. The idea is to bring together in one place, between the covers of one book, a concise assessment of the state of the subject in a well-defined field. This will enable the reader to get a sense of historical perspective what is known about the field today - and a description of the frontiers of research where our knowledge is increasing steadily.
The relationship between China and Japan remains among the most significant of all the worldâe(tm)s bilateral affairsâe"yet it is also the most tortured and the least understood. Akira Iriye adds brilliant clarity to the past century of Chineseâe"Japanese interactions in this masterful interpretive survey. Placing the relationship within its global context, he outlines three distinct periods in the history of these Asian giants. From the 1880s to World War I, the two nations struggled for power. Armaments, war strategies, and security measures played pivotal roles, reflecting the importance 0f military calculations in a world dominated by Western governments. In the second period, that between the two World Wars, Iriye illuminates the dominant role of culture and the stress on internationalism. Chinaâe(tm)s continuing literary influence, an exchange of ideas and students reforms such as Japanâe(tm)s Taisho democracy and Chinaâe(tm)s May Fourth movement, and both nationsâe(tm) bid for racial equality in the West profoundly affected these interwar years. The third period reaches from the end of World War II through the present day, and is characterized by exchanges of an economic nature: trade, shipping, investment, and emigration. The author discusses the results of Chinaâe(tm)s civil war, the rise and decline 0f the Cold War in the West, and the cultural and ecological problems brought by Japanâe(tm)s spiraling economic development. But economic ties remain deeply entwined with cultural concerns, and ultimately, Iriye stresses, the future of China and Japan depends on the successful cultural interdependence of what may be the most significant pair of countries in the world today.
Disturbance Observer for Advanced Motion Control with MATLAB/Simulink A fulsome and robust presentation of disturbance observers complete with MATLAB sample programs and simulation results In Disturbance Observer for Advanced Motion Control with MATLAB/Simulink, distinguished electronics engineer Dr. Akira Shimada delivers a comprehensive exploration of the suppression of actual and unknown disturbances. In the book, you’ll find a systematic discussion of the basic theory and design methods of disturbance observers accompanied by instructive MATLAB and Simulink simulation examples. Included appendices cover the mathematical background of classical, modern, and digital control and ground the reader’s understanding of the more advanced sections. The included material is ideal for students enrolled in courses in advanced motion control, mechatronics system control, electrical drives, motion control, robotics, and aeronautics. In addition to topics like model predictive control, vibration systems, acceleration control, adaptive observers, and multi-rate sampling, readers will find: A thorough introduction to the various types of disturbance observers and the fundamentals of disturbance observers, including disturbance estimation and disturbance rejection Comprehensive explorations of stabilized control and coprime factorization, including the derivation of stabilizing controllers Practical discussions of disturbance observers in state space, including identity input disturbance observers and identity reaction force observers Fulsome treatments of the mathematical foundations of control theory, methods??for measuring and estimating velocities, and the disturbance estimation Kalman filter Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students with existing knowledge of the fundamentals of control engineering who wish to learn how to design disturbance observers, Disturbance Observer for Advanced Motion Control with MATLAB/Simulink will also benefit professional engineers and researchers studying alternative control theories.
Quantum computing: an overview / M. Nakahara -- Braid group and topological quantum computing / T. Ootsuka, K. Sakuma -- An introduction to entanglement theory / D.J.H. Markham -- Holonomic quantum computing and its optimization / S. Tanimura -- Playing games in quantum mechanical settings: features of quantum games / S̮. K. Özdemir, J. Shimamura, N. Imoto -- Quantum error-correcting codes / M. Hagiwara -- Poster summaries. Controled teleportation of an arbitrary unknown two-qubit entangled state / V. Ebrahimi, R. Rahimi, M. Nakahara. Notes on the Dür-Cirac classification / Y. Ota, M. Yoshida, I. Ohba. Bang-bang control of entanglement in Spin-Bus-Boson model / R. Rahimi, A. SaiToh, M. Nakahara. Numerical computation of time-dependent multipartite nonclassical correlation / A. SaiToh [und weitere]. On classical no-cloning theorem under Liouville dynamics and distances / T. Yamano, O. Iguchi
Doyen of demography studies in Japan at the University of Tokyo, this collection of Akira Hayami’s writings in English brings together for the first time an invaluable resource of comparative primary data on the demographic history of Japan. Containing twenty key essays, the volume is divided into five parts: Tokugawa Japan, Demography through Telescope, Demography through Microscope, Family and Household, Afterwards. It begins with Philip II of Spain and Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the sixteenth century and concludes with Koji Sugi and the emergence of modern population studies in the twentieth century.
This volume presents an analysis of Japan's powerful upper bureaucracy in the post-war period. The author’s aim is to provide an empirical foundation for the many impressionistic accounts of Japanese bureaucracy and a systematic basis for comparative studies of bureaucracies in other countries. The study ranges from the family and geographic backgrounds of higher civil servants through their educational training and career patterns to their retirement and post-retirement activities. Throughout, the emphasis is on assembling and analyzing the kind of systematic data that provide a solid basis for understanding how the Japanese bureaucracy actually works. Originally published in 1969. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammatory condition with increasing incidence and prevalence around the world. Conventional and biological therapies have been successfully, or unsuccessfully, applied for the treatment of IBD and several new biological therapies are currently in clinical development. So far, more than 69 kinds of animal models have been established to study IBD, and they have provided significant contributions not only for understanding the mechanism of IBD but also for developing the rationale of new therapies. Although individual animal models can not fully reflect the pathogenesis of human IBD, the data from animal models—if a consensus is reached from many but not from one or few—may be used as a predictive factor of effectiveness for some biological therapies. Therefore, in this Chapter, we will discuss this possibility by comparing the data from animal models of IBD with data from some clinical trials.
This book was written with several objectives in mind: 1. To share with as many scientists and engineers as possible the intriguing scientific aspects of ultra-fine particles (UFPs) and to show their potential as new materials. 2. Entice such researchers to participate in the development of this emerging field. 3. To publicize the achievements of the Ultra-Fine Particle Project, which was carried out under the auspices of the Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology program (ERATO). In addition to the members of the Ultra-Fine Particle Project, contributions from other pioneers in this field are included. To achieve the first objective described above, the uniformity of the contents and focus on a single central theme have been sacrificed somewhat to provide a broad coverage. It is expected that the reader can discover an appropriate topic for further development of new materials and basic technology by reading selected sections of this book. Alternately, one may gain an overview of this new field by reviewing the entire book, which can potentially lead to new directions in the development of UFPs.
Fuzzy knowledge and fuzzy systems affect our lives today as systems enter the world of commerce. Fuzzy systems are incorporated in domestic appliances (washing machine, air conditioning, microwave, telephone) and in transport systems (a pilotless helicopter has recently completed a test flight). Future applications are expected to have dramatic implications for the demand for labor, among other things. It was with such thoughts in mind that this first international survey of future applications of fuzzy logic has been undertaken. The results are likely to be predictive for a decade beyond the millenium. The predictive element is combined with a bibliography which serves as an historical anchor as well as being both extensive and extremely useful. Analysis and Evaluation of Fuzzy Systems is thus a milestone in the development of fuzzy logic and applications of three representative subsystems: Fuzzy Control, Fuzzy Pattern Recognition and Fuzzy Communications.
After examining the fundamentals of electron holography and its applications to the aforementioned fields, a detailed discussion of the Aharonov-Bohm effect and related experiments is presented. Many photographs and illustrations are included to elucidate the text.
Several years have passed since the first edition of this book was published. During this period, significant developments in the study of electron systems have taken place, especially in the areas ofhigh-Tc superconductivity and the quantized Hall effect. These developments, and such fascinating subjects as crystallization and the stability of matter are included in the second edition. Bardstown, KY A.Isiham June 1997 Preface to the First Edition The study of electronic properties reveals a common basis for a variety of sys tems, including gaseous plasmas, ionic solutions, metals, and semiconductors. This study started with one-electron properties in free space, as discussed in solid-state books. However, significant progress has been made recently in more realistic and complicated cases with interactions, confinements, impu rities, and fields. Moreover, the recent discoveries of the quantum Hall effect, high-Tc superconductors, and localization phenomena, along with the intr~ duction of low-dimensional materials have opened new areas and have led to a tremendous number of articles in existing journals and even new specialized journals. This book has been written to provide a new, comprehensive review on electronic properties in such diverse areas and materials.
Power and Culture challenges existing assumptions about the war in the Pacific. By focusing on the interplay between culture and international relations, one of the world's most distinguished scholars of United States-Japanese affairs offers a startling reassessment of what the war really meant to the two combatants. Akira Iriye examines the Japanese-American war for the first time from the cultural perspectives of both countries, arguing that it was more a search for international order than a ruthless pursuit of power. His thesis is bold, for he convincingly demonstrates that throughout the war many Japanese leaders shared with their American counterparts an essentially Wilsonian vision of international cooperation. As the war drew to a close, these statesmen began to plan for a cooperative world structure that was remarkably similar to the ideas of American policymakers. Indeed, as Iriye shows, the stunning success of Japanese-American postwar relations can be understood only in the light of a deep convergence of their ideals. Iriye has drawn his conclusions from original research, using official Japanese archives and recently declassified American documents. These offer a totally new perspective on the ways leaders in both countries actually viewed the war they were waging.
‘‘Biopolymers’’ are polymeric materials of biological origin, including globular, membrane, and fibrous proteins, polypeptides, nucleic acids, po- saccharides, lipids, etc. and their assembly, although preference to respe- ive subjects may be different among readers who are more interested in their biological significance or industrial and/or medical applications. Nevert- less, characterizing or revealing their secondary structure and dynamics may be an equally very important and useful issue for both kinds of readers. Special interest in revealing the 3D structure of globular proteins, nucleic acids, and peptides was aroused in relation to the currently active Structural Biology. X-ray crystallography and multidimensional solution NMR sp- troscopy have proved to be the standard and indispensable means for this purpose. There remain, however, several limitations to this end, if one intends to expand its scope further. This is because these approaches are not always straightforward to characterize fibrous or membrane proteins owing to extreme difficulty in crystallization in the former, and insufficient spectral resolution due to sparing solubility or increased effective molecular mass in the presence of surrounding lipid bilayers in the latter.
Aims to give an exposition of generalized (co)homology theories that can be read by a group of mathematicians who are not experts in algebraic topology. This title starts with basic notions of homotopy theory, and introduces the axioms of generalized (co)homology theory. It also discusses various types of generalized cohomology theories.
During recent years, major advances in surgical techniques, diagnostic methods, anesthesia and adjunctive treatment in the care of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage have been achieved. Nevertheless, the overall outcome of patients with SAH cannot be regarded as satisfactory. The first part of the book concentrates on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying vasospasm and edema, the principal causes of poor outcome. Recent progress in the field of membrane lipid metabolism has allowed the problem to be approached from an entirely new perspective. The possible participation of free radicals, membrane lipids and eicosanoids is thoroughly discussed. The second part features the problems of practical management of SAH patients. Timing and indication of surgery of aneurysms and the surgical techniques are described in detail.
This brief provides an overview of theoretical research in organic ferromagnetic material design using quantum chemical approaches based on molecular orbital theory from primary Hückel to ab initio levels of theory. Most of the content describes the authors’ approach to identify simple and efficient guidelines for magnetic design, which have not been described in other books. Individual chapters cover quantum chemistry methods that may be used to find hydrocarbon systems with degenerate non-bonding molecular orbitals that interact with each other, to identify high-spin-preferred systems using an analytical index that allows for simple design of high-spin systems as well as to analyze the effect of high-spin stability through orbital interactions. The extension of these methods to large systems is discussed.This book is a valuable resource for students and researchers who are interested in quantum chemistry related to magnetic property.
Fully-depleted SOI CMOS Circuits and Technology for Ultralow-Power Applications addresses the problem of reducing the supply voltage of conventional circuits for ultralow-power operation and explains power-efficient MTCMOS circuit design for FD-SOI devices at a supply voltage of 0.5 V. The topics include the minimum required knowledge of the fabrication of SOI substrates; FD-SOI devices and the latest developments in device and process technologies; and ultralow-voltage circuits, such as digital circuits, analog/RF circuits, and DC-DC converters. Each ultra-low-power technique related to devices and circuits is fully explained using figures to help understanding.
Progress in developmental neurobiology and advances in (neuro) genetics have been spectacular. The high resolution of modern imaging techniques applicable to developmental disorders of the human brain and spinal cord have created a novel insight into the developmental history of the central nervous system (CNS). This book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of the human CNS in the context of its many developmental disorders. It provides a unique combination of data from human embryology, animal research and developmental neuropathology, and there are more than 400 figures in over a hundred separate illustrations.
This book is designed specifically for beginners in Ultra- sound diagnosis. The clinical chapters begin with a detailed anatomical description of the organ or system. The numerous high-quality ultrasonograms are accompanied byschematic drawings and body marks for orientation and better under- standing. The book also includes short chapters on basic physics, equipment, scanning technique and a question and answer section at the end.
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