This volume presents an analysis of Japan's powerful upper bureaucracy in the post-war period. The author’s aim is to provide an empirical foundation for the many impressionistic accounts of Japanese bureaucracy and a systematic basis for comparative studies of bureaucracies in other countries. The study ranges from the family and geographic backgrounds of higher civil servants through their educational training and career patterns to their retirement and post-retirement activities. Throughout, the emphasis is on assembling and analyzing the kind of systematic data that provide a solid basis for understanding how the Japanese bureaucracy actually works. Originally published in 1969. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
This book focuses on a new type of inclusive consumer decision-making process model (CDM) related to new leading-edge consumers. There have been two main types of CDMs for consumer behavior: one is the stimulus–response model and the other is the information-processing model. The stimulus–response model is applicable when consumers buy low-involvement products, and the information-processing model applies for high-involvement products. Thus consumers’ decision making depends on the involvement level for the products. With the advent of the widespread use of the Internet, however, the situation has changed. Consumers whose information sensitivity is high (i.e., among leading-edge consumers) now use the Internet to search for information even for low-involvement products. The consumers’ decision-making process depends therefore on their information sensitivity, not on the involvement level of the products. Also, these leading-edge consumers become in effect another type of media as they broaden their experience through the Internet. Under these circumstances, research about leading-edge consumers and the introduction of a new CDM is highly significant. This book gathers data about leading-edge consumers, analyzes these data, then proposes a new type of CDM called “circulation marketing”. Following this model, not only the previous types of CDM, but also the new kind of CDM, including share behavior of leading-edge consumers, is explained.
This volume approaches the history of Japanese-German relations from a business history perspective. Starting with an overview of Japanese-German relations which focuses on the environment, strategies and forms of inter-firm relations, Akira Kudo then uses case studies to provide a broader picture, before finally considering strategy, organisational strategy and technology and management transfer in the light of problems identified earlier.
This book studies the industrial development of Japan since the mid-nineteenth century, with particular emphasis on how the various industries built technological capabilities. The Japanese were extraordinarily creative in searching out and learning to use modern technologies, and the authors investigate the emergence of entrepreneurs who began new and risky businesses, how the business organizations evolved to cope with changing technological conditions, and how the managers, engineers, and workers acquired organizational and technological skills through technology importation, learning-by-doing, and their own R & D activities. The book investigates the interaction between private entrepreneurial activities and public policy, through a general examination of economic and industrial development, a study of the evolution of management systems, and six industrial case studies: textile, iron and steel, electrical and communications equipment, automobiles, shipbuilding and aircraft, and pharmaceuticals. The authors show how the Japanese government has played an important supportive role in the continuing innovation, without being a substitute for aggressive business enterprise constantly venturing into unfamiliar terrains.
The application of bearingless drives is emerging as an important technique in the areas of high-speed machinery and motion-control, and this book aims to provide a thorough grounding in the principles behind this cutting-edge technology. Basic principles are described in detail with practical examples to aid understanding, and the different types of bearingless drives are introduced, along with coverage of test machines and applications.Aimed at practising electrical and mechanical engineers and advanced students, Magnetic Bearings and Bearingless Drives provides an essential guide to an area of engineering previously only fully covered by large numbers of academic papers.· Unique and comprehensive coverage of a cutting-edge subject for electrical and mechanical engineers · A reference text and survey for designers, manufacturers and users of high-speed motors, generators and electrical drive systems · Examines the basic principles behind magnetic bearings, with key technologies and applications illustrated through examples and case studies
Progress in developmental neurobiology and advances in (neuro) genetics have been spectacular. The high resolution of modern imaging techniques applicable to developmental disorders of the human brain and spinal cord have created a novel insight into the developmental history of the central nervous system (CNS). This book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of the human CNS in the context of its many developmental disorders. It provides a unique combination of data from human embryology, animal research and developmental neuropathology, and there are more than 400 figures in over a hundred separate illustrations.
This book proposes the use of green infrastructure to balance biodiversity conservation and disaster management. Paddy fields are one example of such infrastructure and are the focus of this book. In Japan, abandoned, once-cultivated land is increasing in the paddy fields due to the aging of society and recent depopulation. The author proposes to consolidate such lands and create wetlands because the paddy fields hold water during heavy rains, which prevents floods and protects cities. This is essential, considering that extreme weather conditions have increased the risk of flood damage in Japan. Not only do such wetlands hold water during the flood season, they also provide habitats for aquatic life and places for children to learn about the natural environment. In addition, fish farming in the wetlands will provide food for many people. The increase in water disasters associated with global warming is occurring not only in Japan but globally. The proposal presented in this book will help government officials around the world, especially those involved in urban and rural planning, to consider disaster management—an idea that will be welcomed by both engineers and biologists.
Authored by internationally recognized experts on optical solitons, this book addresses the forefront of technology in the important field of optical communications. It deals with topics from the motion of light waves in optical fibres to the evolution of light wavepackets, and other applications.
This book presents photoelectron spectroscopy as a valuable method for studying the electronic structures of various solid materials in the bulk state, on surfaces, and at buried interfaces. This second edition introduces the advanced technique of high-resolution and high-efficiency spin- and momentum-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using a novel momentum microscope, enabling high-precision measurements down to a length scale of some tens of nanometers. The book also deals with fundamental concepts and approaches to applying this and other complementary techniques, such as inverse photoemission, photoelectron diffraction, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, as well as photon spectroscopy based on (soft) x-ray absorption and resonance inelastic (soft) x-ray scattering. This book is the ideal tool to expand readers’ understanding of this marvelously versatile experimental method, as well as the electronic structures of metals and insulators.
This is an introduction to electron holography, a newly developed technique for observing and measuring microscopic structures of matter and fields using the wave nature of electrons. It describes principles, experimental details, and observation examples for vortices in superconductors, the magnetic domain structure in ferromagnets, and for fundamental phenomena of quantum mechanics.
Metastasis is the spread of a disease from one organ or part to another non-contiguous organ or part. Only malignant tumour cells and infections have the capacity to metastasise. Cancer cells can "break away" from a primary tumour, penetrate into lymphatic and blood vessels, circulate through the bloodstream, and grow in a distant focus (metastasise) in normal tissues elsewhere in the body. Metastasis is considered a hallmark of malignancy. All tumours can metastasise albeit to varying degrees, barring a few exceptions (eg. Glioma and Basal cell carcinoma never metastasize). When cancer cells spread to form a new tumour, it is called a secondary, or metastatic tumour, and its cells are like those in the original tumour. This means, for example, that if breast cancer spreads (metastasizes) to the lung, the secondary tumour is made up of abnormal breast cells (not abnormal lung cells). The disease in the lung is then called metastatic breast cancer (not lung cancer). Only malignant tumour cells and infections have the capacity to metastasize. This book presents the latest research in the field from around the world.
Despite recent technological innovations in neuroradiology, the ultimate diagnosis of brain tumors is still based on the histopathological findings from specimens taken during surgery. The material in this atlas represents approximately 700 brain tumor specimens collected mainly in the authors' own clinics. In most cases, complementary light-and-electron-microscopic images of the same case are presented. This volume is a clear and comprehensive guide to the pathology of tumors arising from the central nervous system and should prove useful to pathology residents, neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and senior medical students.
During recent years, major advances in surgical techniques, diagnostic methods, anesthesia and adjunctive treatment in the care of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage have been achieved. Nevertheless, the overall outcome of patients with SAH cannot be regarded as satisfactory. The first part of the book concentrates on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying vasospasm and edema, the principal causes of poor outcome. Recent progress in the field of membrane lipid metabolism has allowed the problem to be approached from an entirely new perspective. The possible participation of free radicals, membrane lipids and eicosanoids is thoroughly discussed. The second part features the problems of practical management of SAH patients. Timing and indication of surgery of aneurysms and the surgical techniques are described in detail.
This book emphasizes the experimental aspects of the author's own laboratory. Instead of merely presenting a dry collection of knowledge, the author unfolds to the readers his vivid experiences of enthusiasm, sheer pleasure, and yet frustrations in the course of his own research. In this way, the book aims to arouse the reader's curiosity in the strange behaviors of electrons in the microscopic world, which differ significantly from our common sense and daily experiences of the macroscopic world.The fields of physics explored in the book are quantum mechanics, superconductivity, electron microscopy, holography, magnetism, and unified theory — areas of the author's study using electron waves.A world-renowned expert in electron holography, the author promises the interested reader a fascinating ride through the quantum world of electron waves, accompanied by many colorful illustrations that delight the senses and captivate the imagination.
Until recently the low-coordinate compounds of the heavier elements of group 14 were known only as transient, unstable species which were difficult to isolate. However recent developments have led to the stabilisation of these compounds and today heavier group 14 element cations, radicals, anions, carbene analogues, alkene and alkyne analogues and aromatics have all been prepared as highly reactive, stable, fully characterizable and readily available organometallic reagents. Organometallic Compounds of Low-Coordinate Si, Ge, Sn and Pb describes the chemistry of this exciting new class of organometallics, with an emphasis on their major similarities and differences with the analogous species in organic chemistry. Topics covered include include the synthesis, structure, reactions and synthetic applications of : Si-, Ge-, Sn and Pb-centered cations, radicals and anions heavy analogues of carbenes: silylenes, germylenes, stannylenes and plumbylenes heavy analogues of alkenes: disilenes, digermenes, distannenes, diplumbenes heavy analogues of alkynes: disilynes, digermynes, distannynes, diplumbynes, and their valence isomers heteronuclear derivatives: silenes, germenes, stannenes, silagermenes, silastannenes, germastannenes heavy analogues of alkenes of the type: >E14=E13-, >E14=E15-, >E14=E16 [where E13, E14, E15 and E16 are elements of the groups 13, 14, 15 and 16] cyclic compounds (three-, four-, five-, and six-membered rings) heavy analogues of 1,3-dienes, allenes and other cumulenes heavy analogues of aromatic compounds; including a comparison between organometallic and organic aromaticity Organometallic Compounds of Low-Coordinate Si, Ge, Sn and Pb is an essential guide to this emerging class of organometallic reagents for researchers and students in main group, organometallic, synthetic and silicon chemistry
This volume presents an analysis of Japan's powerful upper bureaucracy in the post-war period. The author’s aim is to provide an empirical foundation for the many impressionistic accounts of Japanese bureaucracy and a systematic basis for comparative studies of bureaucracies in other countries. The study ranges from the family and geographic backgrounds of higher civil servants through their educational training and career patterns to their retirement and post-retirement activities. Throughout, the emphasis is on assembling and analyzing the kind of systematic data that provide a solid basis for understanding how the Japanese bureaucracy actually works. Originally published in 1969. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Welche Rolle spielte Ostasien im Ersten Weltkrieg? Wie sahen und bewerteten ostasiatische Beobachter den "totalen Krieg" in Europa, welche Lehren zogen sie daraus für ihre Gesellschaften? Wie verschoben sich wirtschaftliche Netzwerke durch den Krieg? Welchen Einfluss hatte er auf Ordnungsvorstellungen und Weltbilder in Ostasien? Das Ziel der neueren Geschichtsschreibung, die Globalität des Ersten Weltkriegs stärker zu erfassen, ohne seine lokalen Rückwirkungen aus dem Blick zu verlieren, verfolgt dieser Band gut 100 Jahre nach dem Beginn des Krieges am Beispiel Chinas, Japans und Koreas.
After sixteen years in prison, Kikutani is released into a world he no longer recognizes. He must adjust to the intensity of Tokyo while living with the memory of his crime. Akira Yoshimura charts the psychology of a quiet man as he negotiates through the traumas of freedom: finding a job, a place to live, even something as simple as buying an alarm clock. Kikutani takes comfort in the numbing repetition of the chicken farm where he works, only to be drawn inexorably back to the scene of the murder. As Yoshimura's carefully crafted plot swings in ever tightening arcs, we are drawn toward a shattering, perhaps inescapable conclusion."--BOOK JACKET.
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