The classic account of America's experience in Afghanistan, explaining the rise of the Taliban in the aftermath of America's failed war on terrorism--essential reading to understand the collapse in Afghanistan today. From the author of the #1 NYT bestseller Taliban. "[A] brilliant and passionate book."—The New York Review of Books A blistering critique of American policy—a dire and prescient warning predicting how our disastrous strategies in Central Asia's failing states threaten global stability and will bring devastation to our world. After September 11th, Ahmed Rashid's crucial book Taliban introduced American readers to that now notorious regime. In this work, he returns to Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia to review the catastrophic aftermath of America's failed war on terror. Called "Pakistan's best and bravest reporter" by Christopher Hitchens, Rashid has shown himself to be a voice of reason amid the chaos of present-day Central Asia. The essential briefing book to understand today's catastrophic headlines.
A fascinating up-to-date look at the roots of our financial crisis from the New York Times bestselling author Kevin Phillips Descent into Chaos is Ahmed Rashid's sweeping, brilliant exploration of the failure of the United States to secure peace and nourish democracy in Pakistan and Afghanistan after the removal of the Taliban following 9/11. Thoroughly researched and powerfully written, it has been hailed from all corners as one of the most important books on the effects of American policy in the Middle East to appear in some time. In this searching update, Rashid takes stock of events in Pakistan since the book's publication, including the 2008 elections, the end of the Musharraf era, and the further resurgence of the Taliban. Up from Chaos makes the convincing case that if peace is to come to central Asia, Pakistan remains the key.
This New York Times best seller remains the most informative and objective account of the Taliban available This modern classic brings the shadowy world of the Taliban and its impact on Afghanistan, the Middle East, and Central Asia into sharp focus. Ahmed Rashid offers an authoritative account of the Taliban’s rise to power, the effects of changing American attitudes toward it, and the new faces of Islamic fundamentalism, and explains why Afghanistan has become the world’s center for international terrorism. This edition, updated in view of the Taliban’s resurgence and sudden, renewed purchase on Afghanistan’s major cities, explores how the group regained its strength and broadened its geographical reach. It is a must-read for anyone seeking to understand the events that unfolded in 2021 following America’s withdrawal from the country after twenty years of war.
Rashid brings the shadowy world of the Taliban into sharp focus. He explains its rise to power, its impact on Afghanistan and the region, its role in oil and gas company decisions, and the effects of changing American attitudes toward the Taliban.
An essential examination of the roots of fundamentalist rage in Central Asia, from the acclaimed author of Taliban and Descent into Chaos. Ahmed Rashid, whose masterful account of Afghanistan's Taliban regime became required reading after September 11, turns his legendary skills as an investigative journalist to five adjacent Central Asian Republics—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan—where religious repression, political corruption, and extreme poverty have created a fertile climate for militant Islam. Based on groundbreaking research and numerous interviews, Rashid explains the roots of fundamentalist rage in Central Asia, describes the goals and activities of its militant organizations, including Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda, and suggests ways of neutralizing the threat and bringing stability to the troubled region. A timely and pertinent work, Jihad is essential reading for anyone who seeks to gain a better understanding of a region we overlook at our peril.
Examines how the failure of the nation building policies of the United States have contributed to increased instability in both Pakistan and Afghanistan, a result which represents the greatest threat to peace and security in the global community.
A seminal introduction to the rise of Central Asia, covering Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan The Resurgence of Central Asia is Ahmed Rashid’s seminal study of the states that emerged in the aftermath of the breakup of the Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. All have Muslim majorities and ancient histories but are otherwise very different. Rashid’s book, now with a new introduction by the author examining some of the crucial political developments since its first publication in 1994, provides entrée to this little-known but geopolitically important region. Rashid gives a history of each country, including its incorporation into Tsarist Russia, to the present day, provides basic socioeconomic information, and explains the diverse political situations. He focuses primarily on the underlying issues confronting these societies: the legacy of Soviet rule, ethnic tensions, the position of women, the future of Islam, the question of nuclear proliferation, and the fundamental choices over economic strategy, political system, and external orientation that lie ahead.
This is a study of the geo-strategic implications of the Taliban. Those implications are already creating instability in some countries where western nations and companies are competing to build oil and gas pipelines to western and Asian markets.
This title was first published in 2002: This comprehensive account of the growth, decline and resurgence of parliament in Bangladesh examines the ’new’ parliament that have been elected in Bangladesh since the 1990s. It identifies key dimensions of their activities such as the nature of legizlation passed, the types of issues raised, the strategies that members have adopted to get things done, the techniques they have used to resolve conflicts and the measures they have taken to strengthen the parliament. Examining the role of the opposition MPs and government back benchers in the parliamentary process, Nizam Ahmed also provides an insightful guide to the factors that influence behaviour and analyzes their significance for democratic consolidation. Combining both theory and practice, this worthy contribution will prove its value as both an accessible reference and a revealing read to parliamentarians and parliamentary scholars alike.
The first monograph on the history of Islamic hospitals, this volume focuses on the under-examined Egyptian and Levantine institutions of the twelfth to fourteenth centuries. By the twelfth century, hospitals serving the sick and the poor could be found in nearly every Islamic city. Ahmed Ragab traces the varying origins and development of these institutions, locating them in their urban environments and linking them to charity networks and patrons' political projects. Following the paths of patients inside hospital wards, he investigates who they were and what kinds of experiences they had. The Medieval Islamic Hospital explores the medical networks surrounding early hospitals and sheds light on the particular brand of practice-oriented medicine they helped to develop. Providing a detailed picture of the effect of religion on medieval medicine, it will be essential reading for those interested in history of medicine, history of Islamic sciences, or history of the Mediterranean.
The novel Necklace of Time is a novel that talks about three friends who do not have major goals in life, but they find Dr. Issa, who gives them a necklace that they can travel through time, the adventures of the three begin after their departure from the era of the pharaohs and their arrival to the Middle Ages, which spread the danger of the Mongols that threatens the whole world, events begin to follow and friends suffer from very many problems and difficult events that you will discover as soon as you read the novel.
After the control and constant conflict between the Roman Empire and the Persian Empire that lasted for hundreds of years, new powers rose on the land of the Middle East. This power was able in a very short time to control many lands of the Persian state and also the Roman state to the point that the new power was able to completely eliminate the Persian Empire. Indeed, the new state that the Prophet Muhammad founded from Medina was able to expand and rise to the point that it extended from Spain in the west to the borders of China in the east. The foundations that the Prophet Muhammad laid and the rules on which the state was built, which were initially based on a religious basis, but with time the Muslim caliphs did not adhere to this matter, and as a result of the control of these caliphs over the land that was under the control of the Persians and Romans, the Muslim caliphs began to imitate these princes and rulers, whether in the way of dress or even living in palaces and indulging in a life of amusement and luxury, which led with time to the loss of some of the values that the Muslim caliphs inherited from the Prophet Muhammad, and began to replace it with the love of money and power to the point that some Muslim rulers reached the point of causing sedition and conflicts between some rulers for the sake of power, and this made the Islamic countries enter into long periods of wars, conflicts and strikes as a result of the conflict between Muslim rulers over power, and we will review in this book the most prominent periods of conflicts and wars between Muslim rulers throughout the Islamic ages.
Securing Food for All in Bangladesh presents an array of research that collectively address four broad issues: (1) agricultural technology adoption; (2) input use and agricultural productivity; (3) food security and output market; and (4) poverty, food security, and women’s empowerment. The fifteen chapters of the book address diverse aspects within these four themes. Access to sufficient food by all people at all times to meet their dietary needs is a matter of critical importance. Despite declining arable agricultural land, Bangladesh has made commendable progress in boosting domestic food production. The growth in overall food production has been keeping ahead of population growth, resulting in higher per capita availability of food over time. In the early 1970s, Bangladesh was a food-deficit country with a population of about 75 million. Today, the population is 165 million, and the country is now self-sufficient in rice production, which has tripled over the past three decades. Along with enhanced food production, increased income has improved people’s access to food. Furthermore, nutritional outcomes have improved significantly. Nevertheless, the challenges to food and nutrition security remain formidable. Future agricultural growth and food and nutrition security are threatened by population growth, worsening soil fertility, diminishing access to land and other scarce natural resources, increasing vulnerability of crop varieties to pests and diseases, and persistent poverty leading to poor access to food. In addition, the impacts of climate change—an increase in the incidence of natural disasters, sea intrusion, and salinity—will exacerbate food and nutrition insecurity in the coming decades if corrective measures are not taken. Aligned with this context, the authors of the book explore policy options and strategies for developing agriculture and improving food security in Bangladesh. Securing Food for All in Bangladesh, with its breadth and scope, will be an invaluable resource for policymakers, researchers, and students dedicated to improving people’s livelihoods in Bangladesh.
Afghanistan: The Next Phase takes an in-depth look at the present situation in Afghanistan by placing it in the context of the country's tribal culture, history and demography. It considers its association with Pakistan, with whom it shares not only a long border, but also the Pashtuns, the largest ethnic component in its population and the rise of extremism in many parts of the Sunni world. The country faces an uncertain future as it has yet to develop the institutional structure that could transform it into an inclusive society. This book offers analysis of what the economic future holds for Afghanistan when the United States completes the withdrawal of combat troops at the end of 2014, when the flow of foreign capital that has helped the country is likely to be reduced significantly. The authors propose a formal association of ten to twelve countries to chaperone the country into the future. In the absence of such an arrangement, Afghanistan could once again become a failed state, which would have repercussions around the world.
This is a selection from over 250 papers published by Abdus Salam. Professor Salam has been Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College, London and Director of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, for which he was largely responsible for creating. He is one of the most distinguished theoretical physicists of his generation and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1979 for his work on the unification of electromagnetic and weak interactions. He is well known for his deep interest in the development of scientific research in the third world (to which ICTP is devoted) and has taken a leading part in setting up the Third World Academy. His research work has ranged widely over quantum field theory and all aspects of the theory of elementary particles and more recently into other fields, including high-temperature superconductivity and theoretical biology. The papers selected represent a cross section of his work covering the entire period of 50 years from his student days to the present.
This book investigates the transmission of knowledge in the Arab and Islamic world, with particular attention to the translation of material from Greek, Persian, and Sanskrit into Arabic, and then from Arabic into Latin in medieval Western Europe. While most modern scholarly works have addressed contributions of Muslim scholars to the modern development of translation, Labeeb Ahmed Bsoul bases his study on Arabic classical literature and its impact upon modern translation. He focuses on the contributions made by prominent classical Christian and Muslim scholars, showcasing how their works and contributions to the field of knowledge are still relevant today.
This bibliography lists primary and secondary works on Islam in traditional China, concentrating on two main topics: Muslims and Islam in China; mutual knowledge by Muslims (both inside and outside China) of China and non-Muslim Chinese of Islam and Muslims (both inside and outside China). The main items are provided with subheadings and short annotations and are evaluated by the authors. Donald David Leslie has previously published a comprehensive bibliography on Jews and Judaism in Traditional China in the Monumenta Serica Monograph Series (vol. 44, 1998).
The quest for oil can be seen as a defining principle of global US foreign policy, an imperative which has shaped and redefined the practice of American diplomacy, especially in the wake of 9/11, which raised questions about the stability of global oil resources. In "Energy and US Foreign Policy", Ahmed Mahdi relates the military expansion of the world's biggest superpower to its quest to gain guaranteed and secure access to the world's most important commodity. Examining the foreign policy of George Bush Sr., Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, culminating in the unprecedented military campaigns of the latter, Mahdi demonstrates how and why oil has played a central role in US relations with the wider world. By dissecting the failures of the US to secure its own economic and energy interests, and by demonstrating the devastating impact this has had on the rest of the world, especially in the Middle East, Mahdi offers vital analysis for researchers and students of International Relations, Diplomacy, Security and Energy Studies.
Electrically Conductive Membrane Materials and Systems offers in-depth insight into the transformative role of electrically conductive materials in membrane separation processes for desalination and water treatment. The book focuses on the intelligent design of conductive membranes and systems, fouling and related phenomena, fouling control using electrically conductive materials, and electrically tunable membrane systems for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and membrane distillation. With rising concerns around inaccessibility to freshwater and the ever increasing threats of population growth, climate change, and urban development, the book brings electrically conducting materials to the forefront of membrane separation technology with an emphasis on their role in the mitigation of fouling and related phenomena. Electrically conducting materials expand the versatility of membrane technology and ultimately improve access to safe water. The book is important reading for scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, and enthusiasts from the water industry who seek to familiarize themselves with a groundbreaking area of study within modern desalination and water treatment. • Explores novel membrane materials and systems from preparation methods, materials selection, and their application in monitoring, fouling control, and performance enhancement. • Examines the mechanism of fouling prevention and cleaning in various electrically conductive materials. • Evaluates the scalability of antifouling materials and coatings, as well as electrically enhanced processes for monitoring and control in membrane separation technology. • Assesses advantages and limitations of applying electrically conductive membrane systems to fouling control for specific water treatment applications. • Provides a critical review of scientific literature in the specialized area of electrical conductive materials and systems for membrane technology.
Overcome Life's Challenges with "The Bubbles Theory": Your Comprehensive Guide to Navigating Personal and Professional Obstacles Do you find yourself constantly navigating a maze of challenges, both personal and professional? Are you striving to master the art of overcoming life’s complex hurdles? Look no further. “The Bubbles Theory” is a meticulously crafted guide designed to equip you with the necessary tools to confront and conquer life’s myriad challenges. WHY "THE BUBBLES THEORY"? Imagine your life as a complex web of bubbles, each representing a unique challenge. Some are small and manageable, while others are more formidable. At the core of these bubbles lies the biggest challenge of all: life itself. This book delves deep into the strategies and life skills you need to pop these bubbles, transforming challenges into stepping stones. WHY "THE BUBBLES THEORY"? Chapter 1: The Challenge Of Life The quintessential concept of ‘The Bubbles’ as life’s challenges Strategies to challenge the self Different types of analysis for problem-solving Time management and strategic planning for crisis aversion Crafting fallback plans and ‘lifesaver’ strategies Chapter 2: Pillars Of Resilience Aligning religion and spirituality to face life’s challenges Mental and physical fortitude The role of family, friends, and marital relationships in overcoming obstacles National responsibilities and digital savvy as pillars of resilience Chapter 3: Ten Habits To Foster Resilience Gratitude, happiness, and technical thinking as tools for resilience The importance of innovation, permanence, and empathy in overcoming challenges Planning for tomorrow, taking initiative, and cultivating honesty Chapter 4: Ten Habits To Avoid Procrastination, resentment, and needless debate The perils of betrayal, disregarding blessings, and isolation The consequences of condescension, self-destruction, and publicizing sins WHO SHOULD READ THIS BOOK? Professionals navigating career challenges Individuals facing personal hurdles Students striving for academic excellence amid obstacles Families working through relational challenges Anyone keen on transforming life’s challenges into opportunities for growth Embark on a transformative journey with “The Bubbles Theory.” Acquire a newfound resilience, a sense of direction, and an unshakeable belief in your ability to turn challenges into milestones. Because life is the ultimate challenge, and it’s time for you to rise to the occasion.
Myanmar’s security forces have conducted clearance operations in the Rakhine State since August 2017, driving a mass exodus of ethnic Rohingyas to neighboring Bangladesh. In The Rohingya Crisis: Analyses, Responses, and Peacebuilding Avenues, Kawser Ahmed and Helal Mohiuddin address core questions about the conflict and its global and regional significance. Ahmed and Mohiuddin identify the defining characteristics of Rohingya identity, analyze the conflict, depict the geo-economic and geo-political factors contributing to the conflict, and outline peacebuilding avenues available for conflict transformation at the macro-, meso-, and micro-level. This book is recommended for students and scholars of anthropology, sociology, peace and conflict studies, political science, and Asian studies.
Pakistan is still on the brink of becoming a failed state as a consequence of its decades-old practice of using proxy warriors in the region. Because of the weakening of the writ of the state, neither governance nor the economy can function normally; in fact, some say the two strong entities in today’s Pakistan are the Taliban and the army. Non-state actors, and the extremist terror outfits they control, pursue extortion, kidnapping and murder to fund their activities, and receive ideological, financial and logistical support from the deep state. The army continues to use them in its India-centric agenda. Civilian institutions are intimidated and individuals who speak out against the terror outfits become targets of their retribution. Violence, not law, increasingly commands human conduct, and the state’s willingness to enter into ‘peace talks’ with the Taliban is viewed as a form of surrender to extremism. Khaled Ahmed is Pakistan’s most respected columnist, and his formidable expertise on the ideologies of extremism is internationally acknowledged. In Sleepwalking to Surrender, he analyses the terrible toll terrorism has taken on Pakistan and appraises the portents for the future.
This volume analyzes the early period of the Arab-Israeli conflict (1897–1948), which encompasses the emergence of the Zionist movement and the end of the First World War. Zionism and Western colonialism continue to play a definitive role in shaping the fate of the Palestinian cause. The author argues that it is possible to understand the existence of such a relationship between Zionism and Western colonialism by looking at the unity of purpose of both approaches and the international circles in which Zionism has been supported from the very beginning. Zionism does not correspond to a natural course of national development, such as the origin, language, and cultural unity of a nation residing in lands where its ancestors lived but is an international idea that transcends territoriality. Similarly, Western colonialism, which aims to design an extra territorial framework, follows the same path as Zionism in this framework.
Foreign Object Debris and Damage in Aviation discusses both biological and non-biological Foreign Object Debris (FOD) and associated Foreign Object Damage (FOD) in aviation. The book provides a comprehensive treatment of the wide spectrum of FOD with numerous cost, management, and wildlife considerations. Management control for the debris begins at the aircraft design phase, and the book includes numerical analyses for estimating damage caused by strikes. The book explores aircraft operation in adverse weather conditions and inanimate FOD management programs for airports, airlines, airframe, and engine manufacturers. It focuses on the sources of FOD, the categories of damage caused by FOD, and both the direct and indirect costs caused by FOD. In addition, the book provides management plans for wildlife, including positive and passive methods. The book will interest aviation industry personnel, aircraft transport and ground operators, aircraft pilots, and aerospace or aviation engineers. Readers will learn to manage FOD to guarantee air traffic safety with minimum costs to airlines and airports.
While conventional warfare has an established body of legal precedence, the legality of drone strikes by the United States in Pakistan and elsewhere remains ambiguous. This book explores the legal and political issues surrounding the use of drones in Pakistan. Drawing from international treaty law, customary international law, and statistical data on the impact of the strikes, Sikander Ahmed Shah asks whether drone strikes by the United States in Pakistan are in compliance with international humanitarian law. The book questions how international law views the giving of consent between States for military action, and explores what this means for the interaction between sovereignty and consent. The book goes on to look at the socio-political realities of drone strikes in Pakistan, scrutinizing the impact of drone strikes on both Pakistani politics and US-Pakistan relationships. Topics include the Pakistan army-government relationship, the evolution of international institutions as a result of drone strikes, and the geopolitical dynamics affecting the region. As a detailed and critical examination of the legal and political challenges presented by drone strikes, this book will be essential to scholars and students of the law of armed conflict, security studies, political science and international relations.
This book aims to provide a historical account of the All-India Progressive Writers’ Association (AIPWA). In a structured narrative, it focuses on the political processes inside India, events and circumstances in South Asia and the debates and literary movements in Europe and the United States to demonstrate how the literary project was specifically informed by literary-political movements. It explores the theorisation of literature and politics that informed progressive writing and argues that the progressive conception of literature, art and politics was closer to the theorisation of two thinkers of whom the writers themselves knew very little – Leon Trotsky and Antonio Gramsci. The book charts the progressive movement’s extension into the cultural arena through the Indian People’s Theatre Association (IPTA) and the deepening of its nation-wide character through a progressive nationalism instilled with left-wing ideology. One of the important aims of the AIPWA project was to advance the development of a popular vernacular based on the demotic language of north India – Hindustani. The book locates this issue within the broader nationalist discussion on the national language. Contrary to what is implied by much of the previous scholarship, the book argues that the progressive movement did survive the ravages of partition and that the progressives maintained organisations in both India and Pakistan. It looks at the short-lived but very colourful history of the PWA in Pakistan, using PWA documents, government records and personal testimonies. Arguing that literary output and cultural production cannot be understood, let alone interpreted, outside the context of the nationalist movement, war, independence and partition, the book presents a narrative that necessarily transcends disciplinary boundaries between literature, politics and history. Supplemented with literary and archival sources and oral testimonies from the members of the movement, it pr
This ground-breaking volume on political Islam takes the question of Islam and secularism in an entirely different direction. It shows how leading Islamists use Islamic legal theory to liberate the political sphere from the narrow exegetical worldviews of classical jurists and modern fundamentalists. Exploring the work of a vanguard of Islamists, the book brilliantly parses out the broadlines of these Islamists’ liberal theory and its underpinning legal grounds. This theory promises much. Beyond resolving the problem of political legitimacy in Muslim majority countries, it opens immense potential for reasonable ‘overlapping consensuses’ between traditional worldviews and modern secular perspectives. Most strikingly, this resolution rests not on a break with the Islamic legal heritage but on rediscovering and refining the most profound aspects of it. The secret of this liberal theory lies in the broad application of the medieval concept of maqasid, the Lawgiver’s aims. This approach shifts the focus from textual analysis emphasizing what God said to a systematic rational exploration of what He intended.
Named one of NPR's Books We Love In this riveting take on One Thousand and One Nights, Shaherazade, at the center of her own story, uses wit and political mastery to navigate opulent palaces brimming with treachery and the perils of the Third Crusade as her Persian homeland teeters on the brink of destruction. In twelfth century, Persia, clever and dreamy Shaherazade stumbles on the Malik’s beloved wife entwined with a lover in a sun-dappled courtyard. When Shaherazade recounts her first tale, the story of this infidelity, to the Malik, she sets the Seljuk Empire on fire. Enraged at his wife’s betrayal, the once-gentle Malik beheads her. But when that killing does not quench his anger, the Malik begins to marry and behead a new bride each night. Furious at the murders, his province seethes on rebellion’s edge. To suppress her guilt, quell threats of a revolt, and perhaps marry the man she has loved since childhood, Shaherazade persuades her beloved father, the Malik’s vizier, to offer her as the next wife. On their wedding night, Shaherazade begins a yarn, but as the sun ascends she cuts the story short, ensuring that she will live to tell another tale, a practice she repeats night after night. But the Malik’s rage runs too deep for Shaherazade to exorcise alone. And so she and her father persuade the Malik to leave Persia to join Saladin’s fight against the Crusaders in Palestine. With plots spun against the Seljuks from all corners, Shaherazade must maneuver through intrigue in the age’s greatest courts to safeguard her people. All the while, she must keep the Malik enticed with her otherworldly tales—because the slightest misstep could cost Shaherazade her head. This suspenseful first-person retelling is vividly rendered through the voice of a fully imagined Shaherazade, a book lover whose late mother bestowed the gift of story that becomes her power. Created over fourteen years of writing and research, Jamila Ahmed’s gorgeously written debut is a celebration of storytelling and a love letter to the medieval Islamic world that brings to life one of the most enduring and intriguing woman characters of all time.
The book presents a chronological study of the Bengali political parties and organisations in Britain (1831 - 2009). Faruque Ahmed enters the heart of the community to unearth its extraordinary heroism and inherent dilemmas. He concludes that the future of the Bengali community is not in Bangladesh or in the subcontinent; it is in Britain.
A fascinating up-to-date look at the roots of our financial crisis from the New York Times bestselling author Kevin Phillips Descent into Chaos is Ahmed Rashid's sweeping, brilliant exploration of the failure of the United States to secure peace and nourish democracy in Pakistan and Afghanistan after the removal of the Taliban following 9/11. Thoroughly researched and powerfully written, it has been hailed from all corners as one of the most important books on the effects of American policy in the Middle East to appear in some time. In this searching update, Rashid takes stock of events in Pakistan since the book's publication, including the 2008 elections, the end of the Musharraf era, and the further resurgence of the Taliban. Up from Chaos makes the convincing case that if peace is to come to central Asia, Pakistan remains the key.
This publication contains information on the parasites of Bangladeshi fishes, based on a literature review dating from the earliest known records to the end of 2000. Information is presented in the form of parasite-host and host-parasite lists, and includes 147 named species as well as many records of parasites not identified to species level.
This book explores the development, decline and resurgence of parliaments in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Although the three parliaments formally have a common origin and follow almost similar rules and procedures, substantial variations can be observed in their behavior. By analyzing the nature of memberships, processes of legislation and oversight of the executive, the book assesses the impact of Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi parliaments. In addition to identifying the ways in which different institutional actors, particularly the parliament and the judiciary, define their roles and relationships, the book investigates the role of committees and the significance and effect of female legislators. While showing that the parliament in India has had a steady growth since its inception, notwithstanding the allegation that it has declined in recent years, the author also demonstrates the differential performance of the parliaments in Bangladesh and Pakistan. In particular, the parliament in Pakistan is shown to likely be able to upgrade its status from a ‘minimal’ to at least a ‘marginal’ legislature, while the Bangladesh parliament risks becoming a ‘minimal’ legislature. A valuable resource to use when comparing strategies and outcomes of postcolonial developments in the operation of parliaments, this book will be of interest to academics in the field of political and economic development, governance and South Asian Studies.
Taha Hussein (1889–1973) is one of Egypt's most iconic figures. A graduate of al-Azhar, Egypt's oldest university, a civil servant and public intellectual, and ultimately Egyptian Minister of Public Instruction, Hussein was central to key social and political developments in Egypt during the parliamentary period between 1922 and 1952. Influential in the introduction of a new secular university and a burgeoning press in Egypt—and prominent in public debates over nationalism and the roles of religion, women, and education in making a modern independent nation—Hussein remains a subject of continued admiration and controversy to this day. The Last Nahdawi offers the first biography of Hussein in which his intellectual outlook and public career are taken equally seriously. Examining Hussein's actions against the backdrop of his complex relationship with the Egyptian state, the religious establishment, and the French government, Hussam R. Ahmed reveals modern Egypt's cultural influence in the Arab and Islamic world within the various structural changes and political processes of the parliamentary period. Ahmed offers both a history of modern state formation, revealing how the Egyptian state came to hold such a strong grip over culture and education—and a compelling examination of the life of the country's most renowned intellectual.
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