The son of a fighter pilot, raised in an air force barracks, Ahmed Aboul Gheit was privy to the confidential meetings, undisclosed memoranda, and battle secrets of Egyptian diplomacy for many decades. After a stint at military college, he began his career at the Egyptian embassy in Cyprus before later going on to become permanent representative to the United Nations and eventually, Egypt’s minister of foreign affairs under Hosni Mubarak. In this fascinating memoir, Aboul Gheit looks back on the 1973 October War and the diplomatic efforts that followed it, revealing the secrets of his long career for the first time. In vivid detail he describes the deliberations of Egypt’s political leadership in the run-up to the war, including the process of articulating Egypt’s war aims, the secret communications between President Sadat and U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, the role of the Soviet Union during the war, and the unfolding of events on the battlefront in Sinai. He then gives a detailed and deeply personal account of the arduous process of peacemaking that followed, covering the 1973 Geneva Conference, the 1977 Mena House Conference, Sadat’s visit to Israel, the 1978 Camp David Accords, and the subsequent 1979 Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. From Sadat’s impassioned address to his cabinet on the eve of the war to delegations ripping out the wiring at their respective hotels, from Jimmy Carter cycling through the bungalows at Camp David to Yitzhak Shamir’s blunt admissions to his Arab counterparts in the 1991 Madrid conference, Aboul Gheit offers an information-packed, first-person account of a turbulent time in Middle Eastern history.
With the scope of a philosopher and the precision of a scientist, Dr. Ahmed takes us on a journey through the labyrinth of Islamic history offering unique insights into its own internal dialectic as well as its interactions with Western civilization. Using pivotal personalities and critical events as guideposts, he has brought forth the complex interplay of political, social, economic, spiritual and religious currents within the large and diverse Muslim world and their interconnections with global developments. It is a book for the layman, the historian, the pundit and the policy maker alike at a time when Islam takes roots in America and as it becomes a major force in shaping the destiny of man. Dr. Ahmed has used his clarity of thought and his lucid prose to convey the meaning of the Muslim experience in history. Those who are interested in getting new perspectives and insights from the emerging community of Muslim intellectuals in the West can find much food for thought in this book. Professor Sulayman S. Nyang, Ph.D., Department of African Studies, Howard University, Washington, D.C. Legislator, scientist, educator, and community leader, Dr. Nazeer Ahmed is Executive Director of the American Institute of Islamic History and Culture based in California. After his graduation with distinction from the University of Mysore, India, he entered the California Institute of Technology as an Institute Scholar (1961) where he earned MS and Ae. E. degrees. Later, he received a Doctor of Philosophy degree (1967) from Cornell University and an MBA from Rider University. Dr. Ahmed was an elected Member of the Legislative Assembly in Bangalore, India (1978). He was an elected delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, GA (1988) from the 46th Congressional district in California. He is an inventor and holds fourteen United States Patents. His articles have appeared in the Los Angeles Times and he has conducted extensive lecture tours in the United States, India and Malaysia, speaking on history, science and culture.
The Nasserist revolution of 1952 had a massive impact on the Egyptian educational system. For the first time, the doors of university education were opened to masses of people in a Third World country, and hundreds of thousands of the sons and daughters of peasants, workers, and lower-middle-class employees seized the opportunity. But quantitative growth was not matched by qualitative advance, and the gap between expectations and reality has rarely been so wide. The result was one of the world's most turbulent student movements. This history of that movement's most critical years, first published in 1985, was written by a young Egyptian who was a participant in many of the events and was intimately acquainted with them. Ahmed Abdalla describes the sociological composition of the student body, the physical and social conditions in the universities, the shifts in government education policy, and the attempts of the students to influence the direction of national development in both domestic and foreign policy. The Student Movement and National Politics in Egypt is an important contribution to our understanding of Egypt's modern history, and will also be of interest to anyone concerned with the more universal issues of higher education, social change, and state politics in the Third World.
An examination of the cultural occupations of Egypt over the past two millennia and how we can return to the sacred harmony of ancient Egypt • Explores the golden civilization of ancient Egypt and its system of natural magic that birthed the Western Mystery tradition • Examines each phase of Egyptian history from the Pharaonic period, through the Roman conquest, to the ongoing Islamization • Provides a revised portrait of the life of Muhammad, revealing his connections to the Essene tradition Imagine the paradise of ancient Egypt: a lush green valley with a gentle river, full of animals and birds of all sizes. The first settlers, arriving by way of the desert, would have marveled at this beautiful landscape. This awe held on through the first three millennia of settlement in Egypt. Centered on careful observations of the natural rhythms of their environment, particularly the Nile, this enlightened civilization lived in a state of spiritual balance and harmony they called “living in Maat.” This state was further enhanced by the sacred landscape of Egypt and the colossal monuments and pyramids the Egyptians built to reflect the heavens, thus creating a cosmic “spiritual engine” for the ancient world. But sadly, the paradise and Maat of ancient Egypt were not to last, and for the past two thousand years Egypt has experienced many occupations by hostile forces bent on taking control of this magical land. Exploring the exemplary social and cultural model that produced the golden civilization of ancient Egypt as well as the many waves of conquest and destruction up to the present day, Robert Bauval and Ahmed Osman examine each phase of Egyptian history from its origins and the Pharaonic period, through the Roman conquest and its Christianization, to the Pan-Arabization of Nasser and the ongoing Islamization that began with the Muslim caliphate in the 7th century. They show how the current Islamic rulers are actively working to eradicate all traces of Egypt’s spiritual roots, the source of the Western Mystery tradition. They provide a revised portrait of the life of Muhammad, revealing his connections to the Essene tradition, and explain how most Sharia Law is not based on the Koran. Revealing how even the dams built on the Nile are impeding Egypt’s sacred role, the authors sound the call for a return to the original tenets of Egyptian civilization, one that sustained itself in harmony and peaceful creativity for more than three millennia.
FINALIST FOR THE 2022 PEN/FAULKNER AWARD FOR FICTION FINALIST FOR PUBLISHING TRIANGLE'S EDMUND WHITE DEBUT FICTION AWARD In the last weeks of her pregnancy, a Muslim Indian lesbian living in San Francisco receives a visit from her estranged mother and sister that surfaces long held secrets and betrayals in this "sweeping family saga . . . with the beautiful specificity of real lives lived, loved, and fought for" (Entertainment Weekly) Working as a consultant for Kamala Harris’s attorney general campaign in Obama-era San Francisco, Seema has constructed a successful life for herself in the West, despite still struggling with her father’s long-ago decision to exile her from the family after she came out as lesbian. Now, nine months pregnant and estranged from the Black father of her unborn son, Seema seeks solace in the company of those she once thought lost to her: her ailing mother, Nafeesa, traveling alone to California from Chennai, and her devoutly religious sister, Tahera, a doctor living in Texas with her husband and children. But instead of a joyful reconciliation anticipating the birth of a child, the events of this fateful week unearth years of betrayal, misunderstanding, and complicated layers of love—a tapestry of emotions as riveting and disparate as the era itself. Told from the point of view of Seema’s child at the moment of his birth, and infused with the poetry of Wordsworth and Keats and verses from the Quran, Radiant Fugitives is a moving tale of a family and a country grappling with acceptance, forgiveness, and enduring love.
This book reveals how counterterrorism discourses and practices became the main tool of a systematic violation of human rights in Egypt after the Arab Uprising. It examines how the civic and democratic uprising in Egypt turned into robust authoritarianism under the pretence of counterterrorism and the ‘war on terror’. By interrogating Egypt’s counterterrorism legislation, the book identifies a correlation between counterterrorism narratives and the systemic violation of human rights. It examines the construction of a national security state that has little tolerance for dissent, political debate or the questioning of official policy, and how the anti-terrorism measures undertaken are actually anti-democracy strategies. The book also traces 150 years of Egyptian counterterrorism and counterinsurgency discourse, and analyses how this links with these practices of human rights assaults. By investigating how this discourse constructs and reproduces knowledge and meaning about terrorism and counterterrorism practices in Egypt, the book highlights how the government legitimises these violations against the population in the interests of the ruling elite. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism studies, critical terrorism studies, discourse theory, Middle Eastern politics, decoloniality, and International Relations.
-The vision of the humanity of the future came as a natural result of the global historical crisis, it deepened from the philosophical visions that preceded it, and thus, necessarily, became a historical development for it towards the humanity of our world. It stresses the importance of producing a modern dramatic art that expresses reality and its current value struggle, so that it is not far from the true image of our existence, which is a painful image, that we see on a large scale. The current drama now does not face the source of these pains, but rather, in the name of realism, embodies negative values in the dramatic arena, in a way that does not negate backwardness, not deliberately, but by ignoring its causes. Drama producers now focus on profit and quantity in production, so how do they diagnose the circumstances that brought us to the bottom of humanity? They do not like to face the horrors of selling their conscience.
This book details the reasons and circumstances which brought about the creation of the humanity; its' purpose of life in this Universe and the absolute guidance for its social and economical survival against the ever-present forces of the Evil!
Fractional Integral Transforms: Theory and Applications presents over twenty-five integral transforms, many of which have never before been collected in one single volume. Some transforms are classic, such as Laplace, Fourier, etc, and some are relatively new, such as the Fractional Fourier, Gyrator, Linear Canonical, Special Affine Fourier Transforms, as well as, continuous Wavelet, Ridgelet, and Shearlet transforms. The book provides an overview of the theory of fractional integral transforms with examples of such transforms, before delving deeper into the study of important fractional transforms, including the fractional Fourier transform. Applications of fractional integral transforms in signal processing and optics are highlighted. The book’s format has been designed to make it easy for readers to extract the essential information they need to learn the about the fundamental properties of each transform. Supporting proofs and explanations are given throughout. Features Brings together integral transforms never before collected into a single volume A useful resource on fractional integral transforms for researchers and graduate students in mathematical analysis, applied mathematics, physics and engineering Written in an accessible style with detailed proofs and emphasis on providing the reader with an easy access to the essential properties of important fractional integral transforms Ahmed I. Zayed is a Professor of Mathematics at the Department of Mathematical Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, and was the Chair of the department for 20 years, from 2001 until 2021. His research interests varied over the years starting with generalized functions and distributions to sampling theory, applied harmonic analysis, special functions and integral transforms. He has published two books and edited seven research monographs. He has written 22 book chapters, published 118 research articles, and reviewed 173 publications for the Mathematical Review and 81 for the Zentralblatt für Mathematik (zbMath). He has served on the Editorial Boards of 22 scientific research journals and has refereed over 200 research papers submitted to prestigious journals, among them are IEEE, SIAM, Amer. Math. Soc., Math Physics, and Optical Soc. Journals.
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar's ‘Five Cities’ was first published in Turkish as ‘Beş Şehir’ in 1946 and revised in 1960. It consists of five essays, each focused on a city significant in Anatolian history and in Tanpinar's emotional life. Part history, part autobiography, part poetic meditation on time and memory, ‘Five Cities’ is Proustian in style, with a tension between a backward-looking melancholy and a concern for the unpredictable future of the author’s country. Comparable to Nobel Laureate Orhan Pamuk’s ‘Istanbul: Memories of a City’, ‘Five Cities’ emphasizes personal attitudes and reactions but has a wider scope of geography, history and culture.
An Egyptian foreign minister’s fascinating account of his time in office during the final years of the Mubarak era Ahmed Aboul Gheit served as Egypt’s minister of foreign affairs under President Hosni Mubarak from 2004 until 2011. In this compelling memoir, he takes us inside the momentous years of his time in office, revealing the complexities and challenges of foreign-policy decision-making and the intricacies of interpersonal relations at the highest levels of international diplomacy. Readable, discerning, often candid, Egypt’s Foreign Policy in Times of Crisis details Aboul Gheit’s working relationship with the Egyptian president and his encounters with both his own colleagues and politicians on the world stage, providing rich behind-the-scenes insight into the machinery of government and the interplay of power and personality within. He paints a vivid picture of Egyptian–U.S. relations during the challenging years that followed September 11 and the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, as we navigate the bumpy terrain of negotiations, discussions, and private meetings with the likes of Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice, Dick Cheney, and Hillary Clinton. Successive attempts by Egypt to revive Palestinian–Israeli negotiations, U.S. assistance to Egypt, and the issue of NGO funding get full play in his account, as do other matters of paramount concern, not least Egypt’s strenuous attempts to reach an agreement with fellow riparian states over the sharing of the Nile waters; Sudan, Libya, and Cairo’s engagement with the wider African continent; the often tense negotiations surrounding UN Security Council reform; and relations with Iran and the Gulf states. More than a memoir, this book by a senior statesman and veteran of Egypt’s foreign affairs is a tour de force of Middle Eastern politics and international relations in the first decade of the twenty-first century and an account of the powers and practice of one of Egypt’s most stable and durable institutions of state.
Now reissued with a new introduction, Discovering Islam is a classic account of how the history of Islam and its relations with the West have shaped Islamic society today. Islam is often caricatured as aggressive and fanatic. Written in the tradition of Ibn Khaldun, this readable and wide-ranging book balances that image, uncovers the roots of Islamic discontent and celebrates the sources of its strength. From the four "ideal Caliphs" who succeeded the Prophet to the refugee camps of Peshawar, an objective picture emerges of the main features of Muslim history and the compulsions of Muslim society.
A spellbinding, epic and heart-racing magical adventure from an exquisite new storytelling talent. 'Ahmed Pathak is a wonderful new voice; the book took her years to write, and it shows in the depth and care of each beat of the story' - Katherine Rundell 'Phenomenal' - Sophie Anderson 'One of the best children's books I have read in a decade' - Louie Stowell India, 1855. The British rule, and all across the country, Indian magic is being stamped out. More terrifying still, people born with magic are being snatched from their homes. Rumour is that they are being taken across the sea - to England - by the all-powerful, sinister Company. When Chompa's home is attacked and her mother viciously kidnapped, Chompa - born with powerful and dangerous magic that she has always been forbidden from using - must travel to the smoky, bustling streets of East London in search of her. But Chompa will discover far more treachery in London than she had bargained for - and will learn that every act of her rare magic comes with a price . . . 'Exhilarating, thoughtful and rich . . . Easily one of the year's best books for children' - Guardian 'A wonderful writer who paints a thoroughly convincing heroine' - Daily Telegraph 'An unexpected gem of a story . . . A stellar setting, a gut-punch of a twist, and an unforgettable heroine. This has all the hallmarks of classic children's storytelling' - Nizrana Farook 'Dazzling from start to finish' - Abi Elphinstone 'A gripping and spellbinding fantasy woven together with threads of magic, secrets and colonial history . . . An incredible cast of characters and a truly multicultural Victorian London that we don't see often enough' - Rashmi Sirdeshpande 'A wonderfully vibrant debut . . . A vivid magical adventure' - Jasbinder Bilan
This book presents a detailed review of the mineral deposits and occurrences in the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), including their distribution, mineralization styles, economic importance, and geological controls on the mineralization. The purpose of the book is to compile the results of past and recent investigations on mineral deposits and occurrences in the ANS that covering the countries of (Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia). In this regard, it discusses in detail the various genetic mineralization styles in the ANS including: (1) magmatic mineral deposits associated with mafic-ultramafic rocks (e.g. chromite, Ni-Cu-Co-PGE magmatic sulfides, Fe-Ti-V oxides), (2) intrusion-related (magmatic-hydrothermal) deposits associated with felsic to intermediate rocks (porphyry, epithermal Au-Ag/sulfide vein type family, skarn, granite-related pegmatite-REE deposits), (3) hydrothermal orogenic gold and volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits, as well as (4) surficial mineral deposits (chemical-sedimentary, residual, mechanical and supergene enrichment deposits).
ISIS's astonishing and unexpected military victories in 2014 and 2015 redrew the geopolitical map of the Middle East. Media attention focused on the organisation's savage treatment of its enemies and its ability to attract foreign fighters, but as this dispassionate book demonstrates it also made important innovations in strategy, ideology and governance. Ahmed S. Hashim argues that by focusing their ideology first and foremost on extreme anti-Shia sectarianism - rather than on Western 'infidels' - ISIS' founders were able to present themselves as the saviours of what they saw as the embattled Sunni 'nation' in Iraq. This enabled them to win the support of Sunni communities. Moreover, ISIS' stunning ability to take major cities was a result of its innovative tactics. It sowed terror in advance of its attacks by using targeted assassinations to kill key city leaders, and its decentralised regional command structure facilitated an unusual degree of coordination between small assault units. At the same time the organisation made a serious effort to engage in state-building and population control. By going beyond the often starkly unpleasant current affairs of the Islamic State, The Caliphate at War undertakes an essential investigation into the successes of the group, to better understand how the movement has survived, thrived, and reshaped the Middle East.
This book explores the potential of halal tourism development and its implementation in Ethiopia. The insights presented assist key stakeholders to make informed decisions concerning commercial strategy, profitability and feasibility of halal tourism from the secular perspective. This innovative book offers a unique contribution to halal tourism, being the first of its kind to assess halal tourism development in developing countries. It provides a clear understanding of what halal tourism means, how it has evolved and the current status of the industry. The book considers the prospects of halal tourism, including the conceptual and practical challenges of halal tourism development. The example of halal tourism in Ethiopia is explored to provide a lens through which deeper understandings can be drawn on where and how to develop halal tourism This book will be of interest to, researchers, students in the disciplines of tourism, anthropology, geography, business administration and sociology. It also provides useful insights for policy makers, planners and professionals in the hospitality and tourism industry.
The military victories of the Islamic State have completely overturned the geopolitical map of the Middle East. Media attention has focused almost exclusively on Islamic State's savage treatment of its enemies and its ability to attract foreign fighters. In 2011, the first effort to build an Islamic State in Iraq was defeated by US and Iraqi forces. The second attempt to establish themselves, beginning in 2014, has been considerably more successful and that success calls for deeper investigation. In order to explain the successes of Islamic State, The Caliphate at War brings together a dispassionate and objective account of the significant innovations in insurgency, ideology, and governance. By focusing their ideology first and foremost on extreme anti-Shia sectarianism - rather than on Western "infidels" - the Islamic State's founders are able to present themselves as the saviors of what they see as the embattled Sunni "nation" in Iraq. Its success in taking and holding major cities, including Mosul, demonstrates its innovative tactics and skill at exploiting tribal and sectarian rivalries. By going beyond the often starkly unpleasant current affairs of the Islamic State, The Caliphate at War undertakes an essential investigation into the successes of the group, to better understand how the movement is surviving, thriving, and reshaping the Middle East.
Exposes the many cycles of monument destruction and cultural suppression in Egypt from antiquity to the present day • Details the vandalism of Egyptian antiquities and suppression of ancient knowledge under foreign rulers who sought to cleanse Egypt of its “pagan” past • Reveals the real reason behind Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt: Freemasonry • Shows how the censorship of nonofficial Egyptology as well as new archaeological discoveries continued under Antiquities Minister Zahi Hawass Called the “Mirror of Heaven” by Hermes-Thoth and regarded as the birthplace of civilization, science, religion, and magic, Egypt has ignited the imagination of all who come in contact with it since ancient times--from Pythagoras and Plato to Alexander the Great and Napoleon to modern Egyptologists the world over. Yet, despite this preeminence in the collective mind, Egypt has suffered considerable destruction over the centuries. Even before the burning of the Great Library at Alexandria, the land of the pharaohs was pillaged by its own people. With the arrival of foreign rulers, both Arabic and European, the destruction and thievery continued along with suppression of ancient knowledge as some rulers sought to cleanse Egypt of its “pagan” past. Exploring the many cycles of destruction and suppression in Egypt as well as moments of salvation, such as the first registered excavations by Auguste Mariette, Robert Bauval and Ahmed Osman investigate the many conquerors of Egypt through the millennia as well as what has happened to famous artifacts such as the Rosetta Stone. They show how Napoleon, through his invasion, wanted to revive ancient Egyptian wisdom and art because of its many connections to Freemasonry. They reveal how the degradation of monuments, theft of relics, and censorship of ancient teachings continue to this day. Exposing recent cover-ups during the tenure of Antiquities Minister Zahi Hawass, they explain how new discoveries at Giza were closed to further research. Clearing cultural and historical distortions, the authors reveal the long-hidden and persecuted voice of ancient Egypt and call for the return of Egypt to its rightful place as “the Mother of Nations” and “the Mirror of Heaven.”
A practical syllabus-based UiPath Associate certification guide to confidently passing your UiPath RPA Associate certification examination, covering real-world business cases, mock tests, and more Key Features • Get certified successfully with this detailed syllabus-oriented examination guide • Work with real-world business cases that will help you grasp RPA topics better using practical examples • Practice with quizzes and mock exam papers with answers to prepare for the exam confidently Book Description UiPath is the most popular vendor in the Robotic Process Automation (RPA) industry. If you're an RPA enthusiast or citizen developer who wants to succeed in the industry, achieving this certification can help you get accredited and ready for real-world challenges using UiPath. UiPath Associate Certification Guide offers complete, up-to-date coverage of the UiPath RPA Associate certification exam to help you pass on the first attempt and get certified. The book is written in a clear, succinct way with self-assessment questions, quizzes with answers at the end of each chapter, exam tips, and mock exams with detailed answers and explanations. You'll start by getting to grips with the basic concepts of UiPath RPA, and then progress to an in-depth discussion of all the concepts required for Associate certification. Finally, you'll develop UiPath skills by gaining the required knowledge and implement these skills using sample business cases. By the end of this UiPath book, you'll have covered everything you need to pass the exam, gained the knowledge you need to work on real-world case studies, and learned how to apply the various concepts to build enterprise-level use cases. What you will learn • Get to grips with the basic concepts of UiPath RPA • Equip yourself with every resource required to pass the Associate exam on the first attempt • Gain the ability to apply what you've learned using real-world use cases • Work on different use cases and test your knowledge by taking quizzes • Get a feel for the real exam with practice questions and mock exams • Understand the concepts used in building enterprise-level use cases Who this book is for This RPA book is for those in technical and semi-technical roles such as citizen RPA developers, junior RPA developers, RPA developers, solution architects, business analysts, system administrators, college or university students and graduates, and UiPath and partner employees in pre-sales, services, support, and so on. If you are looking to get certified and meet the industry standard with the largest RPA vendor, then this book is for you.
This book was first published in Turkish under the title Bilinmeyen Osmanlı, co-authored by Prof. Dr. Said Öztürk, and 250,000 copies were printed. I answered 290 questions whereas Öztürk answered 13 in total. He collaborated regarding source details and references as well as tirelessly proofreading and editing the book. In addition, this book was later translated into Arabic; the first edition was published by Osmanlı Araştirmalari Vakfi (OSAV), Istanbul, and the second will be published by Dār al-Shouroq in Cairo. The English version of this book has almost become a separate work from the aforementioned versions. Although the main part was translated into English by Ismail Ercan, the book needed a number of improvements and rewriting of some articles after referring to Western sources on the various subjects. Hence, I changed the title as well as the format of the book mainly for this reason. But I have indicated which articles were written by Prof. Öztürk. As preparation for this book, the questions it deals with have been discussed in academic research ever since 1983, and, in addition, hundreds of conferences have been held throughout Anatolia. As a result, over 5000 questions have accumulated in our “question desk,” submitted in written form by both readers and listeners. For example, the issue of ḥarem comes first, with 503 questions. The issue of whether the Ottoman Sulṭāns, particularly Bayezid the Thunderbolt, drank alcohol ranked second, with 276 questions. These were followed by such questions as fratricide rights and freedoms in the Ottoman state, the issue of the Sulṭāns going on pilgrimage, if Sulṭān Waḥīduddin was a traitor, etc. Needless to say, we have been inspired by similar research done in this field. This book will consist of four parts. In Part One we will deal with weighty questions on the political history of the Ottoman state and the replies to them. However, such questions are most frequently asked about each Sulṭān – even if they are related to law or economics. For instance, we will not ignore the issue of fratricide in his law when discussing Meḥmed the Conqueror and the charges of the genocide of the Kurds when it comes to Selim the Excellent. In Part Two we will deal with the questions on social life in the Ottoman state and the ḥarem. In Part Three we will look at those issues regarding the Ottoman legislative system and the organization of the state. In Part Four we will answer some questions about the economy and financial law of the Ottoman state. Unfortunately, we will not deal with all the questions we have received in all the aforesaid fields owing to insufficient space. Yet it is our view that if something cannot be achieved completely, we should not give up entirely and resign ourselves to what has been done. There are 307 differents subjects in this book; some of them as below: - War (jihād) in the Ottoman state and the legal principles of the policy of conquest in the Ottoman state - The Devşirme (Conscription) System - The allegations that the Ottoman state adhered to the Bektaşi and Aleviyye traditions during the years of its foundation until Sulṭān Selim the Excellent and that the Abdalan-ı Rum consisted of Bektaşi Babas and Alevi Dedes. - On rumors that some Ottoman Sulṭāns were addicted to alcohol and even held illegitimate carousals at the Palace. - The legality of fratricide in the Ottoman state and some claims by some historians regarding savagery and massacre for the sake of claiming the Sultanat. - There are claims that Sulṭān Meḥmed the Conqueror was sympathetic toward Christianity and corresponded with the Pope. - On the Ottoman State offering assistance to the Andalusian state that was destroyed in 1492. - Ottoman Harem. - Ottoman legal codes. - Ottoman legal system and Islamic law. - Which events sowed the seeds of hatred between Arabs and Turks, both of whom are Muslims? - The reasons for the decline and fall of the Ottoman State. - The capitulations as one reason for terminating the Ottoman State.
This book analyses the legal structure and operation of the conventional and Islamic banking systems in the Gulf Arab states. It defines the legal issues involved and case law decided by the English, American and the Gulf Arab states courts in operating the two systems in financing the international trade transactions and covering the concurrent application, the advantages and disadvantages and the problems of each system. This book also gives a particular challenge to the fraud in international trade and considers the development of countertrade and electronic funds transfer as methods of financing some of the international business transactions. This book is very helpful for those who are dealing with the financing of the international trade, their professional advisors, staff of the conventional and Islamic banks and students who study law and commerce as part of their syllabuses of legal and international business studies. This book is also very essential reading for anyone who wants to succeed in the competitive conditions of modern banking business vis-a-vis the international trade in the Gulf Arab states. This book is also very helpful for the lawyer who is called upon to assist the businessman in his ventures or who wants to resolve a problem which has arisen in financing the international business transactions.
Since the Second World War, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt faced periods of extensive state repression, between 1948-1951 and 1954-1970 and again after 2013. These mihan or “ordeals”, as members call them, were characterised by a shift from overt political activity to clandestine organising, and despite their importance have remained little studied. This book uses extensive archival research to uncover what took place when the organisation was forced unground and how and why it survived. It combines social theory with a vast array of primary source material such as autobiographical accounts produced by members, Egyptian court documents accounts by members of the Egyptian military or intelligence officers, and reports by British and American diplomats and intelligence officers. The result is a new bottom-up perspective on the Brotherhood's structure that goes beyond the role of leaders such as Sayyid Qutb to reveal it as both an overt political organisation and a secretive one able to withstand extended and harsh periods of persecution.
Despite the abundant literature about development policies and solutions, many developing countries continue to struggle with basic development issues. The author of this book argues that such a situation is due to the absence of an unlearning process that would aid in adjusting negative mindsets and outdated mental models that hinder economic development. This book addresses development issues from the behavioral perspective, linking negative mindsets and behaviors to growth and development strategies and policies. It identifies six mindsets and actions that impede the economic development of underdeveloped nations. Then, it suggests solutions to upgrade the mindsets according to the plans and policies. Moreover, the book highlights the different concepts and phenomena in a straightforward way with simple figures to facilitate their understanding for people who do not necessarily have a background in business or economics. At the same time, it fully respects scientific standards in addressing the topics and themes under discussion. Each chapter identifies the state of mind needed to ‘unlearn’ with real examples and experiences and offers suggestions to undertake and accomplish the unlearning process. Based on real and clear-cut examples, the book presents the main beliefs and psychological mechanisms that lead to underperforming behaviors of customers, investors, entrepreneurs and policy makers. Thus, the main audience for the book is scholars, students and researchers in economics and development, as well as policymakers, wishing to attempt new approaches to counteract the boomerang effect.
Detailing the entirety of Ahmed Choonara’s life, The Cycle of Life takes the reader on an extraordinary journey, from his childhood spent under the yoke of Apartheid in South Africa, to becoming the first Principal of a Further Education College to be appointed in the UK from an Asian Heritage background. The author writes with both sensitivity and hard facts as he details the impact of apartheid on his childhood, e.g. lack of facilities for secondary and higher education and segregation, and recalls the moment in 1957 when a flying brick hit his head, leaving him paralysed down his right side and particularly his right hand. Four years later his father died, a turning point, propelling Ahmed and his brother into the UK to further Ahmed’s education. The latter half of the book deals with both his educational experiences at college and university with some humour and his lengthy teaching career. He also details his three year secondment to Zambia on an Overseas Development programme with a voluntary post with the World Bank Educational Renewal programme. He explains the death of his close friend, whilst in the custody of Apartheid’s security apparatus, and the impact of this on others. In 2013, Ahmed was awarded an OBE for services to Further Education. This book chronicles his exceptional rise in the hope that readers will feel inspired and push against the glass ceiling to reach any goals they choose.
African Youngest of those States must study, why do those States Rwanda, Somalia, and Democratic Republic of Gongo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, South Sudan, and Mauritania, Chad, get Civil Wars? Then, you are acting anything, but discovered land of the Civil War of 1991.Then, we are going to created parties, Chief of Parties, and do I used to work for the former Somalia President “Mohamed Siyad Barre '' government? Then he died State of Nigeria, around 2005. African youngest will need new groups such as “African Democratic Party, African Republic Party, and African Youth Party”. They will be changed in 2030 to 2050; they got guns and clashed Youngest, and no Party, No good Politician, and argument each other. Right now, fighting with the “African Civil Right Movement, and Corruption Leaders are against each other ''. They have leadership in poorest government, but they are Central provinces. According to Holy-Quran 1. “They ask you about the bounties. Say, “The bounties are for Allah and the Messenger.” So be mindful of Allah, and settle your differences, and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you are believers”. . (surah, al-anfal, 1) 2. “Allah has promised you one of the two groups—that it would be yours—but you wanted the unarmed group to be yours. Allah intends to prove the truth with His words, and to uproot the disbelievers”. (surah, al-anfal, 7) 3. “We sent Noah to his people. He said, “O my people! Worship Allah; you have no god other than Him. I fear for you the punishment of a tremendous Day.” (surah, al-raaf, 59) 4. “The arrogant elite among his people said, “O Shuaib, We will evict you from our town, along with those who believe with you, unless you return to our religion.” He said, “Even if we are unwilling?” .” (surah, al-raaf, 88) 5. “We would be fabricating falsehood against Allah, if we were to return to your religion, after Allah has saved us from it. It is not for us to return to it, unless Allah, our Lord, wills. Our Lord embraces all things in knowledge. In Allah we place our trust. Our Lord, decide between us and our people in truth, for You are the Best of Deciders.” (surah, al-raaf, 89) 6. “And when they despaired of him, they conferred privately. Their eldest said, “Don’t you know that your father received a pledge from you before Allah, and in the past you failed with regard to Joseph? I will not leave this land until my father permits me, or Allah decides for me; for He is the Best of Deciders.” (surah, yusuf , 80). The SDP, SRP, and SYP will go forward from federalist factions in the state to State. They can oppose the new politician, and States. It will need to work on development, check and balances. Since independence days in 1960s.. African used to work with them. The parties favored stating right and authoritarian independence, to the constitution, and they opposed a national party in the future. These parties will be starting peace, as well as other interests. Somalis Democratic Party willingly ascended to power of states, and Somalia in the election of 2000. However, SDP, SRP, and SYP will be working on politician, Non-organization, that typically looks to influence State government. Many parties usually nominated and failed good leaders, their own candidates themselves, and they were trying to get a seat in the government in the politicians office. This party did not have participated in the election campaign in the 2000, after “Carto meeting”, they came out, but new led by the party has education outreach of the country. New parties will protest action in the party or make disagreement between them.
This book, I started 2009, it took 12 yrs and it long time. It takes about African government and local governments system. This book is my favorite book and I am going to helping my mom land. It helped our youngest and old my people. Since 1935, we have a problem came from different ways. God helps to us, and we are going to fighting each other and we have a long Civil war in the world l. Our civil war, came from Middle East, United Nations, western and African Union States. We didn't know, why are we fighting each other? In conclusion, this book is rebuilding African Union States and State of Somalia. That why? I said, "African Union Public Administration Cabinet & State of Somalia Public Administration Cabinet
A revealing, honest and often comic coming-of-age story about growing up in 1970s Britain on the boundaries of race 'Full of charm' GUARDIAN 'An account of what being British means' i 'Captures a country in transition ... You can't fail to be moved' THE TIMES Kamal Ahmed's childhood was very 'British' in every way – except for the fact that he was brown. Half English, half Sudanese, he was raised at a time when being mixed-race meant being told to go home, even when you were born just down the road. This is his account of an upbringing of cricket and bucket-and-spade holidays, Angel Delight and the BBC - British to the core, yet always feeling foreign in the only home he had ever known. 'Ahmed grew up as a mixed-race kid in west London in the seventies, and his book charts the progress (sometimes slow and now without a few setbacks along the way) that our country has made on race issues since then. Brilliant' Rohan Silva, Evening Standard
Advances in Shannon's Sampling Theory provides an up-to-date discussion of sampling theory, emphasizing the interaction between sampling theory and other branches of mathematical analysis, including the theory of boundary-value problems, frames, wavelets, multiresolution analysis, special functions, and functional analysis. The author not only traces the history and development of the theory, but also presents original research and results that have never before appeared in book form. Recent techniques covered include the Feichtinger-Gröchenig sampling theory; frames, wavelets, multiresolution analysis and sampling; boundary-value problems and sampling theorems; and special functions and sampling theorems. The book will interest graduate students and professionals in electrical engineering, communications, and applied mathematics.
The author, Professor Z. V. Togan, staged a counterrevolution, who first interacted and bargained with Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky and the rest of the Soviet and Bolshevik luminaries of his own time for Baskurdistan and Turkistan. It can be read profitably in the context of anti-colonialism, Sub-altern studies, Russian and Soviet studies.
Do you know the number of the prophets of God that lived between the time of Prophet Adam (PBUH) and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)? What qualifies them to be called the Prophet of the Almighty God? What lesson is there for you in the lives and miracles of these prophets? In this book, you will find out how God chooses his 25 Prophets’ from the time of the first man Adam to the time of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH). You will also see the amazing miracles these prophets performed and the important lessons from their lives.
A controversial episode in the life of the Prophet Muhammad concerns an incident in which he allegedly mistook words suggested by Satan as divine revelation. Muslims now universally deny that the Satanic verses incident took place. But Muslims did not always hold this view. Shahab Ahmed uses this case to explore how religions establish truth.
Presents a consolidated timeline of medieval India by taking into account the period that marked the end of ancient India, and focusing on the importance of the transitory centuries when Delhi had begun to surface as the new power center, triggering prominent trends in thought and institutions. This book analyzes the nature of social forces, complexity of causation and the interdependence of change and continuity in the light of the crucial transition from ancient to early medieval India, with the emergence of the Delhi Sultanate and the Vijayanagar-Bahmani kingdoms. Proceeding to detail the most effervescent period in Indian history - the era of the great Mughals - the text provides an insight into the ideological-philosophical basis of the times, focusing on the Sufi and Bhakti movements, and culminates with the rise of the Marathas, the advent of European companies, and the eventual establishment of the British in Bengal. keeping in mind that the history of medieval India has not moved in a linear fashion, and that much of the period saw phases of expansion and realignment of political attributes, this book contributes to a deeper understanding of the much misread period of Indian history with a view that takes into account the resultant interface between the political, social, economic, religious and cultural elements and devotes to this crucial period the attention it deserves.
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