AFRICAN or STATES of SOMALIA LEADER MUST CHANGE OLD FASHION TO NEW STYLES. African Politician and Westering Politicians, Are they Some Infrastructure of the Leadership? Are they Some Public Administration three topics? Where are African Parliaments, Presidents, and Supreme Court? African Youngest did not a comparing them, plus contrasting? Are they worked Africans Some together? They must rebuild to Public Administration, Sharing, Cabinet, & Local Governments. Then, Somalia Cities must be a purpose of inscription. African did not have Supreme Court, Federal judgement, or difference informal is not to States of African. “African Union population is 2.5 billion. No African Union Federal, African Parties Cumulative will need new money 270 Billion (No money such as Coins) African Union Central Bank Trade between African States such as 5.9 trillion Coins in 2020 In 1963s, launch of the organizations of African Union (OAU) precursor to the African Union. In 1970s, Establishing of the Regional Economic Communications and States In 1991, Treaty of Abuja is signed setting up the African Union Economic States In 2002, OAU Reorganized any Re-launched as the African Union (AU) In 2004, Pan African Parliaments Established. In 2012, Endorsement of the Action plan on Boosting into African Trade (BIAT) In 2014, Finalization of the EAC, COMESA, SADC, In 2015, Summit of the African Union leading to the launch of the CFTA, negotiation Continent Tree Trade Area”. African Union will need a Public Administration. They will need a new tactics, new Highways, news train, new sewages. They will need a Nuclear Power, Nuclear of the waters system, new free borders, new trade system, new investment of infrastructure system between such as 54 States in of African Union. Youngest believed African Union leaders. African Union lost in the world since 1960s intendents. However, African Union would need a new system of highways, a federal African Union Parliaments, Supreme Courts, and new Ministers, and a new money, new infrastructure between inside 54 states. For example, Every Cities in Somalia will need a train or busses in African States. Somalia president are going to looking for new investments Trade, Economic, Farmers, animals. Somalia President is going to get a New Deal, trains, Airports, Freeways, and new Investments. However, State of Somalia people travel to West, South, North, and East African States. The Somalia president will need correspondingly include all public roads and private track management. International companies Agencies. States in the neighborhoods, world Banks, Privates companies, For example, President Somalia is going to rebuilding new public administration rule, and private Farm, Animals productions, text returns. It must a conforming an appearance to restrained admittance. The State of Somalia did not require world leaders, new investments such as nature resources, Gas, Oil, created new money to African Union. its own investment of good highways, new technique. Every state will need prerequisite my ideas, new assisted, new private corporations, AU new moneys, AU Central Bank most heavies traded new currencies. AU will need new infrastructure system such as transportation, Airports, Import and Exports, Heavy train deliveries system between State of Somalia costs to African Union States.
Utilizing Lacan's psychoanalytic theory and Žižek's philosophical adaption of it, this book brings into dialogue a series of modernist and postmodernist literary works, films, and critical theory that are concerned with defining America. Ahmed Elbeshlawy demonstrates that how America is perceived in certain texts reveals not only the idealization or condemnation of it, but an imago, or constructed image of the perceiver as well. In turn, texts which particularly focus on demonstrating how other texts about America communicate an untrustworthy message themselves communicate an unreliable message, inventing and reinventing a series of imagos of America. These imagos refer to both idealized and deformed images of America constructed by the perceivers of America. The first part of this book is concerned with modernist perceptions of America, and includes discussion of Adorno, Benjamin, Kafka, D. H. Lawrence, as well as Emerson and Seymour Martin Lipset. The second part is dedicated to postmodernist representations of America, focusing on texts by Edward Said, Ihab Hassan, Susan Sontag, David Shambaugh and Charles W. Brooks, and films including Lars von Trier's Dogville and D.W. Griffith's Birth of a Nation.
This accessible work balances the image of Islam as aggressive and fanatical with an objective picture of the main features of Muslim history and the compulsions of Muslim society.
The book consists of Beginner and Elementary courses with parallel Arabic-English texts. The author maintains learners' motivation with funny stories about real life situations such as meeting people, studying, job searches, working etc. The method utilizes the natural human ability to remember words used in texts repeatedly and systematically. Each lesson deals with a few main concepts. Those concepts are presented in sentences that are broken into groups and repeated in a variety of ways, so you get familiar with them before moving on. Sentences from previous chapters are brought back around so you do not forget them. This incremental learning makes it easy to progress. The sentences are relatable and practical so you are learning useful vocabulary and sentence structures. There is vocabulary for each chapter at the beginning so you can become familiar with it before you start and can refer back to it easily. With the translation on the same page, you can effortlessly learn what any unfamiliar words mean. You can quickly pick up new vocabulary and phrases that are used over and over in the book. As you read the book, your brain begins to remember words and phrases simply because you are exposed to them several times. You do not even realize, until you must recall what you have learned, that you have already learned the new words and phrases. The book is equipped with Arabic diacritics which provide vowel guides and consonant length. The audio tracks are available inclusive online. With the help of QR codes, call up an audio file without manually entering web addresses. Twenty minutes a day is the rule for success!
With the scope of a philosopher and the precision of a scientist, Dr. Ahmed takes us on a journey through the labyrinth of Islamic history offering unique insights into its own internal dialectic as well as its interactions with Western civilization. Using pivotal personalities and critical events as guideposts, he has brought forth the complex interplay of political, social, economic, spiritual and religious currents within the large and diverse Muslim world and their interconnections with global developments. It is a book for the layman, the historian, the pundit and the policy maker alike at a time when Islam takes roots in America and as it becomes a major force in shaping the destiny of man. Dr. Ahmed has used his clarity of thought and his lucid prose to convey the meaning of the Muslim experience in history. Those who are interested in getting new perspectives and insights from the emerging community of Muslim intellectuals in the West can find much food for thought in this book. Professor Sulayman S. Nyang, Ph.D., Department of African Studies, Howard University, Washington, D.C. Legislator, scientist, educator, and community leader, Dr. Nazeer Ahmed is Executive Director of the American Institute of Islamic History and Culture based in California. After his graduation with distinction from the University of Mysore, India, he entered the California Institute of Technology as an Institute Scholar (1961) where he earned MS and Ae. E. degrees. Later, he received a Doctor of Philosophy degree (1967) from Cornell University and an MBA from Rider University. Dr. Ahmed was an elected Member of the Legislative Assembly in Bangalore, India (1978). He was an elected delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, GA (1988) from the 46th Congressional district in California. He is an inventor and holds fourteen United States Patents. His articles have appeared in the Los Angeles Times and he has conducted extensive lecture tours in the United States, India and Malaysia, speaking on history, science and culture.
Overcome Life's Challenges with "The Bubbles Theory": Your Comprehensive Guide to Navigating Personal and Professional Obstacles Do you find yourself constantly navigating a maze of challenges, both personal and professional? Are you striving to master the art of overcoming life’s complex hurdles? Look no further. “The Bubbles Theory” is a meticulously crafted guide designed to equip you with the necessary tools to confront and conquer life’s myriad challenges. WHY "THE BUBBLES THEORY"? Imagine your life as a complex web of bubbles, each representing a unique challenge. Some are small and manageable, while others are more formidable. At the core of these bubbles lies the biggest challenge of all: life itself. This book delves deep into the strategies and life skills you need to pop these bubbles, transforming challenges into stepping stones. WHY "THE BUBBLES THEORY"? Chapter 1: The Challenge Of Life The quintessential concept of ‘The Bubbles’ as life’s challenges Strategies to challenge the self Different types of analysis for problem-solving Time management and strategic planning for crisis aversion Crafting fallback plans and ‘lifesaver’ strategies Chapter 2: Pillars Of Resilience Aligning religion and spirituality to face life’s challenges Mental and physical fortitude The role of family, friends, and marital relationships in overcoming obstacles National responsibilities and digital savvy as pillars of resilience Chapter 3: Ten Habits To Foster Resilience Gratitude, happiness, and technical thinking as tools for resilience The importance of innovation, permanence, and empathy in overcoming challenges Planning for tomorrow, taking initiative, and cultivating honesty Chapter 4: Ten Habits To Avoid Procrastination, resentment, and needless debate The perils of betrayal, disregarding blessings, and isolation The consequences of condescension, self-destruction, and publicizing sins WHO SHOULD READ THIS BOOK? Professionals navigating career challenges Individuals facing personal hurdles Students striving for academic excellence amid obstacles Families working through relational challenges Anyone keen on transforming life’s challenges into opportunities for growth Embark on a transformative journey with “The Bubbles Theory.” Acquire a newfound resilience, a sense of direction, and an unshakeable belief in your ability to turn challenges into milestones. Because life is the ultimate challenge, and it’s time for you to rise to the occasion.
Named one of NPR's Books We Love In this riveting take on One Thousand and One Nights, Shaherazade, at the center of her own story, uses wit and political mastery to navigate opulent palaces brimming with treachery and the perils of the Third Crusade as her Persian homeland teeters on the brink of destruction. In twelfth century, Persia, clever and dreamy Shaherazade stumbles on the Malik’s beloved wife entwined with a lover in a sun-dappled courtyard. When Shaherazade recounts her first tale, the story of this infidelity, to the Malik, she sets the Seljuk Empire on fire. Enraged at his wife’s betrayal, the once-gentle Malik beheads her. But when that killing does not quench his anger, the Malik begins to marry and behead a new bride each night. Furious at the murders, his province seethes on rebellion’s edge. To suppress her guilt, quell threats of a revolt, and perhaps marry the man she has loved since childhood, Shaherazade persuades her beloved father, the Malik’s vizier, to offer her as the next wife. On their wedding night, Shaherazade begins a yarn, but as the sun ascends she cuts the story short, ensuring that she will live to tell another tale, a practice she repeats night after night. But the Malik’s rage runs too deep for Shaherazade to exorcise alone. And so she and her father persuade the Malik to leave Persia to join Saladin’s fight against the Crusaders in Palestine. With plots spun against the Seljuks from all corners, Shaherazade must maneuver through intrigue in the age’s greatest courts to safeguard her people. All the while, she must keep the Malik enticed with her otherworldly tales—because the slightest misstep could cost Shaherazade her head. This suspenseful first-person retelling is vividly rendered through the voice of a fully imagined Shaherazade, a book lover whose late mother bestowed the gift of story that becomes her power. Created over fourteen years of writing and research, Jamila Ahmed’s gorgeously written debut is a celebration of storytelling and a love letter to the medieval Islamic world that brings to life one of the most enduring and intriguing woman characters of all time.
In modern-day Mauritania, as in several multilingual states, tensions over language policy and identity between the two ethnic groups—Arab and afro-Mauritanian—have been flaring ever since the nation’s independence. In Language Policy and Identity in Mauritania: Multilingual and Multicultural Tensions, El Hacen Moulaye Ahmed investigates language policy and identity in this North African country. Moulaye Ahmed traces the past and the present Mauritania’s identities and language policies and reveals Mauritanians’ language policy preferences and the relationship between their identities and their preferences.
This New York Times best seller remains the most informative and objective account of the Taliban available This modern classic brings the shadowy world of the Taliban and its impact on Afghanistan, the Middle East, and Central Asia into sharp focus. Ahmed Rashid offers an authoritative account of the Taliban’s rise to power, the effects of changing American attitudes toward it, and the new faces of Islamic fundamentalism, and explains why Afghanistan has become the world’s center for international terrorism. This edition, updated in view of the Taliban’s resurgence and sudden, renewed purchase on Afghanistan’s major cities, explores how the group regained its strength and broadened its geographical reach. It is a must-read for anyone seeking to understand the events that unfolded in 2021 following America’s withdrawal from the country after twenty years of war.
The military victories of ISIS have overturned the geopolitical map of the Middle East. Media attention has focused on ISIS' savage treatment of its enemies and its ability to attract foreign fighters. However, in order to explain its success, a dispassionate account of its innovations in insurgency, ideology and governance is needed. The first effort to build an 'Islamic state' in Iraq was defeated by US and Iraqi forces in 2011. That the second attempt, dating from 2014, has been more successful calls for explanation. Hashim argues that by focusing their ideology first and foremost on extreme anti-Shia sectarianism -- rather than on Western 'infidels' -- ISIS' founders were able to present themselves as the saviours of what they saw as the embattled Sunni 'nation' in Iraq. This enabled them to win the support of Sunni communities. Moreover, ISIS' stunning ability to take major cities is a result of its innovative tactics. It sows terror in advance of its attacks by using targeted assassinations to kill key city leaders, and its decentralised regional command structure facilitates an unusual degree of coordination between small assault units. Meanwhile, it is making a serious effort to engage in state-building and population control.
The military victories of the Islamic State have completely overturned the geopolitical map of the Middle East. Media attention has focused almost exclusively on Islamic State's savage treatment of its enemies and its ability to attract foreign fighters. In 2011, the first effort to build an Islamic State in Iraq was defeated by US and Iraqi forces. The second attempt to establish themselves, beginning in 2014, has been considerably more successful and that success calls for deeper investigation. In order to explain the successes of Islamic State, The Caliphate at War brings together a dispassionate and objective account of the significant innovations in insurgency, ideology, and governance. By focusing their ideology first and foremost on extreme anti-Shia sectarianism - rather than on Western "infidels" - the Islamic State's founders are able to present themselves as the saviors of what they see as the embattled Sunni "nation" in Iraq. Its success in taking and holding major cities, including Mosul, demonstrates its innovative tactics and skill at exploiting tribal and sectarian rivalries. By going beyond the often starkly unpleasant current affairs of the Islamic State, The Caliphate at War undertakes an essential investigation into the successes of the group, to better understand how the movement is surviving, thriving, and reshaping the Middle East.
Khartoum, according to one theory, takes its name from the Beja word hartooma, meaning meeting place . Geographically, culturally and historically, the Sudanese capital is certainly that: a meeting place of the Blue and White Niles, a confluence of Arabic and African histories, and a destination point for countless refugees displaced by Sudan s long, troubled history of forced migration. In the pages of this book the first major anthology of Sudanese stories to be translated into English the city also stands as a meeting place for ideas: where the promise and glamour of the big city meets its tough social realities; where traces of a colonial past are still visible in day-to-day life; where the dreams of a young boy, playing in his fathers shop, act out a future that may one day be his. Diverse literary styles also come together here: the political satire of Ahmed al-Malik; the surrealist poetics of Bushra al-Fadil; the social realism of the first postcolonial authors; and the lyrical abstraction of the new Iksir generation. As with any great city, it is from these complex tensions that the best stories begin. "An exciting, long-awaited collection showcasing some of Sudan's finest writers. There is urgency behind the deceptively languorous voices and a piercing vitality to the shorter forms. These writers lay claim over the contradictions and fusions of the capital city - Nile and drought, urbanization and village ties, what is African and what is Arab." - Leila Aboulela
After the control and constant conflict between the Roman Empire and the Persian Empire that lasted for hundreds of years, new powers rose on the land of the Middle East. This power was able in a very short time to control many lands of the Persian state and also the Roman state to the point that the new power was able to completely eliminate the Persian Empire. Indeed, the new state that the Prophet Muhammad founded from Medina was able to expand and rise to the point that it extended from Spain in the west to the borders of China in the east. The foundations that the Prophet Muhammad laid and the rules on which the state was built, which were initially based on a religious basis, but with time the Muslim caliphs did not adhere to this matter, and as a result of the control of these caliphs over the land that was under the control of the Persians and Romans, the Muslim caliphs began to imitate these princes and rulers, whether in the way of dress or even living in palaces and indulging in a life of amusement and luxury, which led with time to the loss of some of the values that the Muslim caliphs inherited from the Prophet Muhammad, and began to replace it with the love of money and power to the point that some Muslim rulers reached the point of causing sedition and conflicts between some rulers for the sake of power, and this made the Islamic countries enter into long periods of wars, conflicts and strikes as a result of the conflict between Muslim rulers over power, and we will review in this book the most prominent periods of conflicts and wars between Muslim rulers throughout the Islamic ages.
African Youngest of those States must study, why do those States Rwanda, Somalia, and Democratic Republic of Gongo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, South Sudan, and Mauritania, Chad, get Civil Wars? Then, you are acting anything, but discovered land of the Civil War of 1991.Then, we are going to created parties, Chief of Parties, and do I used to work for the former Somalia President “Mohamed Siyad Barre '' government? Then he died State of Nigeria, around 2005. African youngest will need new groups such as “African Democratic Party, African Republic Party, and African Youth Party”. They will be changed in 2030 to 2050; they got guns and clashed Youngest, and no Party, No good Politician, and argument each other. Right now, fighting with the “African Civil Right Movement, and Corruption Leaders are against each other ''. They have leadership in poorest government, but they are Central provinces. According to Holy-Quran 1. “They ask you about the bounties. Say, “The bounties are for Allah and the Messenger.” So be mindful of Allah, and settle your differences, and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you are believers”. . (surah, al-anfal, 1) 2. “Allah has promised you one of the two groups—that it would be yours—but you wanted the unarmed group to be yours. Allah intends to prove the truth with His words, and to uproot the disbelievers”. (surah, al-anfal, 7) 3. “We sent Noah to his people. He said, “O my people! Worship Allah; you have no god other than Him. I fear for you the punishment of a tremendous Day.” (surah, al-raaf, 59) 4. “The arrogant elite among his people said, “O Shuaib, We will evict you from our town, along with those who believe with you, unless you return to our religion.” He said, “Even if we are unwilling?” .” (surah, al-raaf, 88) 5. “We would be fabricating falsehood against Allah, if we were to return to your religion, after Allah has saved us from it. It is not for us to return to it, unless Allah, our Lord, wills. Our Lord embraces all things in knowledge. In Allah we place our trust. Our Lord, decide between us and our people in truth, for You are the Best of Deciders.” (surah, al-raaf, 89) 6. “And when they despaired of him, they conferred privately. Their eldest said, “Don’t you know that your father received a pledge from you before Allah, and in the past you failed with regard to Joseph? I will not leave this land until my father permits me, or Allah decides for me; for He is the Best of Deciders.” (surah, yusuf , 80). The SDP, SRP, and SYP will go forward from federalist factions in the state to State. They can oppose the new politician, and States. It will need to work on development, check and balances. Since independence days in 1960s.. African used to work with them. The parties favored stating right and authoritarian independence, to the constitution, and they opposed a national party in the future. These parties will be starting peace, as well as other interests. Somalis Democratic Party willingly ascended to power of states, and Somalia in the election of 2000. However, SDP, SRP, and SYP will be working on politician, Non-organization, that typically looks to influence State government. Many parties usually nominated and failed good leaders, their own candidates themselves, and they were trying to get a seat in the government in the politicians office. This party did not have participated in the election campaign in the 2000, after “Carto meeting”, they came out, but new led by the party has education outreach of the country. New parties will protest action in the party or make disagreement between them.
The challenges posed by the non-liquidity and non-diversity of the Islamic debts market make the market an inefficient tool on contributing to Muslim economic growth. Islamic scholars and experts created sukuk as an Islamic debt instrument to avoid riba (usury), but the sukuk market (especially in the Gulf) still struggles with the prohibition of the trade of debt due to the prohibition of the two Fiqh Academies. Trading and securitizing debts should be permitted in Islamic law, with one condition, that the debt should be considered low risk. This new rule, the permissibility of trading debts, is supported by three Islamic legal bases, istishab, qiyas, and maslaha, which are recognized by all four Islamic schools of legal thought. Furthermore, permitting the trading of debts is more consistent with the principles and theories of Islamic law than is forbidding it. It is consistent with the obligations theory that debt is a personal right. It is consistent with the mal (property) theory that debt may be sold according to the three Islamic schools of legal thought, all of which consider debt as property. It is consistent with other modern Islamic financial transactions that are permitted by the two Fiqh Academies, such as tawarruq and murabaha.
Humanitarian crises have become more frequent, complex and protracted. If current trends continue, it is estimated that by 2030, humanitarian assistance costs could increase to $50 billion per year. By then, two-thirds of the world’s poor are at risk of living in conflict-affected countries. To bridge the gap, humanitarian organizations are increasingly utilizing innovative financing tools such as impact bonds, faith-based finance and other innovative financial products and services to mobilize greater funding to address humanitarian needs. This book is among the first to assess a set of innovative financing mechanisms that have been transforming the humanitarian sector and explores their key opportunities, challenges and future prospects. This book will be of interest to academics, practitioners, humanitarian organizations and policy makers involved in humanitarian financing and to the humanitarian sector in general.
African Cities direction had not been challenging of leadership, and the mayors will be working discussion, advised opposition leaders bills, contractors, foreign investments, watched all Federal Ministers heard, Parliaments Opposition arguments inside, He must be respecting all state Governors Somalia Constitutions. Since the Mohamed Siyad Barre government was overthrowing in Somalia as his President, was good for Somalis or bad for them? A nationalized recession that hit Somalia after our Civil War; a new focus on our land, will need new countenance of government, new leaders in good health than the central point cream of the crop between Somalis. What is the City-Councils? SECTION 01: “ But Satan caused them to slip from it, and caused them to depart the state they were in. We said, “Go down, some of you enemies of one another. And you will have residence on earth, and enjoyment for a while.” (Surah, Al-Baqara, 36,) SECTION 02: “ When Abraham said, “O My Lord, make this a peaceful land, and provide its people with fruits—whoever of them believes in Allah and the Last Day.” He said, “And whoever disbelieves, I will give him a little enjoyment, then I will consign him to the punishment of the Fire; how miserable the destiny!” (Surah, Al-Baqara, 126,). What is the Public Administration? SECTION 01: “From the land that is clean and good, by the will of its “Cherisher” springs up produce, (Rich) after its kind: but from the land that is bad springs up nothing but that which is miserly: that do we explain the signs by various (Symbols) to those who are grateful”, (Holly Quran, Surah 7, Al-Araf, (58).) (Look back to the Book or Quran). The Meaning of the Holy Qur’an. Abdullah Yusuf Ali new edition with revised Translation. SECTION 02 “O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the messenger, and those changed with authority among you. If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His messenger, If ye do believe in Allah and the last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final determination. (59)” {Al-nisa, Qur’an). The Meaning of the Holy Qur’an. Abdullah Yusuf Ali new edition with revised Translation. What is the Leadership? SECTION 01: “They ask you about the bounties. Say, “The bounties are for Allah and the Messenger.” So be mindful of Allah, and settle your differences, and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you are believers”. . (surah, al-anfal, 1) SECTION 02: “Allah has promised you one of the two groups—that it would be yours—but you wanted the unarmed group to be yours. Allah intends to prove the truth with His words, and to uproot the disbelievers”. (surah, al-anfal, 7). SECTION 03: “We sent Noah to his people. He said, “O my people! Worship Allah; you have no god other than Him. I fear for you the punishment of a tremendous Day.” (surah, al-raaf, 59) What is the Party? SECTION 01: God Said, “We believed this Ayah, "And if two parties of believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them. And if one party of them doeth wrong to the other, fight ye that which doeth wrong till it returns unto the ordinance of Allah; then, if it return, make peace between them justly, and act equitably. Lo! Allah loveth the equitable". (9) Surah Al-Hujraa. African Cities regulator public administration will need to be rebuilding a security of leadership, review committee, and sub-committee he/she must have an experience in law enforcement. They are going to make available good management. They must very advantageous their education, politicians, direction, manager, and control; They can be particularity in the come around of the issues of the tribulations as well as Parties. That failed clan are not party system. They must be changing that challenge of leaders the state in its responses to up-to-the-minute intimidation of bad people in Africans. African will have good leadership in this area garnered the concentration and the go into raptures over of States. State of State can’t leaders, but they must the beginning African Union Federal land of youngest new paths, security advisor of the future States Governor, and our future in Africa Union and African Cities new future.
With the scope of a philosopher and the precision of a scientist, Dr. Ahmed takes us on a journey through the labyrinth of Islamic history offering unique insights into its own internal dialectic as well as its interactions with Western civilization. Using pivotal personalities and critical events as guideposts, he has brought forth the complex interplay of political, social, economic, spiritual and religious currents within the large and diverse Muslim world and their interconnections with global developments. It is a book for the layman, the historian, the pundit and the policy maker alike at a time when Islam takes roots in America and as it becomes a major force in shaping the destiny of man. Dr. Ahmed has used his clarity of thought and his lucid prose to convey the meaning of the Muslim experience in history. Those who are interested in getting new perspectives and insights from the emerging community of Muslim intellectuals in the West can find much food for thought in this book. Professor Sulayman S. Nyang, Ph.D., Department of African Studies, Howard University, Washington, D.C. Legislator, scientist, educator, and community leader, Dr. Nazeer Ahmed is Executive Director of the American Institute of Islamic History and Culture based in California. After his graduation with distinction from the University of Mysore, India, he entered the California Institute of Technology as an Institute Scholar (1961) where he earned MS and Ae. E. degrees. Later, he received a Doctor of Philosophy degree (1967) from Cornell University and an MBA from Rider University. Dr. Ahmed was an elected Member of the Legislative Assembly in Bangalore, India (1978). He was an elected delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, GA (1988) from the 46th Congressional district in California. He is an inventor and holds fourteen United States Patents. His articles have appeared in the Los Angeles Times and he has conducted extensive lecture tours in the United States, India and Malaysia, speaking on history, science and culture.
The Nasserist revolution of 1952 had a massive impact on the Egyptian educational system. For the first time, the doors of university education were opened to masses of people in a Third World country, and hundreds of thousands of the sons and daughters of peasants, workers, and lower-middle-class employees seized the opportunity. But quantitative growth was not matched by qualitative advance, and the gap between expectations and reality has rarely been so wide. The result was one of the world's most turbulent student movements. This history of that movement's most critical years, first published in 1985, was written by a young Egyptian who was a participant in many of the events and was intimately acquainted with them. Ahmed Abdalla describes the sociological composition of the student body, the physical and social conditions in the universities, the shifts in government education policy, and the attempts of the students to influence the direction of national development in both domestic and foreign policy. The Student Movement and National Politics in Egypt is an important contribution to our understanding of Egypt's modern history, and will also be of interest to anyone concerned with the more universal issues of higher education, social change, and state politics in the Third World.
This book is talking about new money. It’s called “African-coins. It must change practically an awkward situation on behalf of Somalis to understand all civil wars. The United Nation, Middle East countries, and the International Community created our problems, but please, this time, Somalis will need to be free down. All Somalia ambassadors around the world should be changing to Somalia Central Banks all of them. In this book, African-coin new proposal to create the African Union and State of Somalia government new money. It is called the new “Cryptocurrency”. However, how does African Union and Somalia except new investment own Banks, land, and production? It’s new money and an identical satisfaction to suggest those people have no future. This is my second point, I am an author, and I am going to talk about African coins. I am going to disconnect your exchangeable 85 million people from your investment. African coins are getting enough money to invest in our African Central Banks. In conclusion, it is divided your backing amongst a bank saving accounts and shared account and States brokers, money markets accounts. African Union Central Banks did not have enough money, but they will need new money in our African bank. It is an emergency. African-coin is going to blow your speculation justification without it, and it is categorically required, and African-coin Youngest and Education people want new investment.
It may be true, as Paul Valery said, that the painter “takes his body with him,” but it is almost certain that artists leave some of their bodies in their art. This book studies the embodied intentionality inscribed in the works of the artists of the Qsur and ‘Amour mountains in Algeria. It retraces the aesthetic gestures of these artists, revealing sounds they heard, tactile and kinesthetic interactions they experienced, and emotions they felt as they recorded the distress and pain of some animals. Combining naturalist style, skilful composition, and spatial features, these artists often gave their art the form of installation, where induced motion and parallactic flow create immersive experiences. Using continuous line technique, they created monumental objects and intricate labyrinthine forms.
This book, I started 2009, it took 12 yrs and it long time. It takes about African government and local governments system. This book is my favorite book and I am going to helping my mom land. It helped our youngest and old my people. Since 1935, we have a problem came from different ways. God helps to us, and we are going to fighting each other and we have a long Civil war in the world l. Our civil war, came from Middle East, United Nations, western and African Union States. We didn't know, why are we fighting each other? In conclusion, this book is rebuilding African Union States and State of Somalia. That why? I said, "African Union Public Administration Cabinet & State of Somalia Public Administration Cabinet
A comprehensive look at the innovations, applications, and best practices of Islamic finance Islamic-compliant finance is transacted in every major world financial center, and the need for information on the topic in light of its global reach has grown exponentially. As an expert in this field, author Karen Hunt-Ahmed understands the intricacies of this area of the capital markets. Now, along with the help of a number of experienced contributors, she skillfully addresses Islamic finance from the perspective of practitioners, examining issues in wealth management, contract law, private equity, asset management, and much more. Engaging and accessible, Contemporary Islamic Finance skillfully explains the practices and innovations of Islamic finance in everything from banking and real estate to private equity, asset management, and many other areas. It is intended to be the go-to resource for both Muslims as well as non-Muslims with an interest in the subject. Divided into three comprehensive parts, it will put you in a better position to understand, and excel at, this important endeavor. Introduces you to the history, legal structures, and basic financial contracts in the industry Highlights the various issues facing contemporary Islamic finance practitioners, and details their significance in the contemporary financial and cultural environment Includes case studies of United States-based transactions and related challenges and successes Filled with in-depth insights and expert advice, this detailed analysis of Contemporary Islamic Finance will help you gain a firm understanding of how effective this proven approach can be.
An Egyptian foreign minister’s fascinating account of his time in office during the final years of the Mubarak era Ahmed Aboul Gheit served as Egypt’s minister of foreign affairs under President Hosni Mubarak from 2004 until 2011. In this compelling memoir, he takes us inside the momentous years of his time in office, revealing the complexities and challenges of foreign-policy decision-making and the intricacies of interpersonal relations at the highest levels of international diplomacy. Readable, discerning, often candid, Egypt’s Foreign Policy in Times of Crisis details Aboul Gheit’s working relationship with the Egyptian president and his encounters with both his own colleagues and politicians on the world stage, providing rich behind-the-scenes insight into the machinery of government and the interplay of power and personality within. He paints a vivid picture of Egyptian–U.S. relations during the challenging years that followed September 11 and the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, as we navigate the bumpy terrain of negotiations, discussions, and private meetings with the likes of Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice, Dick Cheney, and Hillary Clinton. Successive attempts by Egypt to revive Palestinian–Israeli negotiations, U.S. assistance to Egypt, and the issue of NGO funding get full play in his account, as do other matters of paramount concern, not least Egypt’s strenuous attempts to reach an agreement with fellow riparian states over the sharing of the Nile waters; Sudan, Libya, and Cairo’s engagement with the wider African continent; the often tense negotiations surrounding UN Security Council reform; and relations with Iran and the Gulf states. More than a memoir, this book by a senior statesman and veteran of Egypt’s foreign affairs is a tour de force of Middle Eastern politics and international relations in the first decade of the twenty-first century and an account of the powers and practice of one of Egypt’s most stable and durable institutions of state.
In Freedom of Religion and Its Regulation in Nigeria: Analysis of Preaching Board Laws in Some States of Northern Nigeria, Ahmed Salisu Garba provides an account of how states in Northern Nigeria have enacted laws to regulate religious preaching in the spheres of influence. The work examines the debates surrounding the laws and how the state in collaboration with dominant religious groups persecuted members of minority religious in the states. The author applied an argumentative approach to raise and analyse issues relating to the reasonability of the laws in Nigeria, reasons for their enactment, judicial review mechanisms employed in the determination of the reasonability of the laws in democracies, and how they accord with the freedom of religion clause in the Nigerian Constitution.
The literature on Balaghah (the art of Arabic eloquence) and commentaries on the Qurān stress that the style of the Qurān is beautiful, eloquent and inimitable. This literature identifies word order as one of the most distinctive aspects of Qurānic style. One of the main reasons for this is that, compared to English, Arabic has fewer restrictions on word order, thanks to its elaborate verb inflection system and case marking. This flexibility allows for the foregrounding of some elements within the sentence, resulting in a marked (or non-canonical) word order and fulfilling certain discursive functions, including specification, restriction, emphasis, amplification/ glorification, and denial. Marked word order is used to highlight or downplay certain elements in speech or writing. It constitutes one way of delivering meanings to the addressee, as these meanings are ordered in the mind of the speaker in terms of their importance, making the style a precise reflection of the speaker’s mind and feelings. This book is a descriptive study which attempts to examine how translations of the Qurān have handled āyahs (verses of the Qurān) that feature lexical foregrounding, focusing on ten published translations into English, carried out by translators from different ideological and linguistic backgrounds. It offers a systematic comparison of the ways in which the selected translators deal with the linguistic feature of word order variation, and examines issues relating to the translator’s style. Specifically, the book identifies and examines the following: instances of marked word order discussed by commentators on the Qurān, and the function served by each case of lexical foregrounding; secondly, the options and/or patterns employed by translators to render the different functions of marked word order; thirdly, the recurrent options and/or patterns for rendering different types of word order variation. Finally, the book explores the factors which may have influenced the choice of particular strategies by different translators, including the translators’ motivations and the various historical contexts in which the translations were made.
Digital technology has revolutionized connectivity, but it has also overcome spatial obstacles that used to shield people from subjugating gazes and unlimited exercise of power. The home as an auratic space is dead, and this alienation has hindered our democratic capacities and created complex crises. The Death of Home aims to intellectually engage readers via enhancing spatial literacy to critically confront today’s crises.
In Donald Trump’s Digital Diplomacy and Its Impact on US Foreign Policy Towards the Middle East is well-blended marriage of history and politics. Even though Trump’s actions have often been rash and chaotic - some of his foreign policies were successful in the Middle East.
A selection of the exquisite, passionate verse of the Palestinian poet Najwan Darwish, superbly translated into English “A lush bouquet of essential poems from one of our species’ most urgent living poets. These are poems of testimony, of presence and the persistence of joy.”—Kaveh Akbar, author of Martyr! Born in Jerusalem in 1978, Najwan Darwish is one of the most important poets of the Arabic-speaking world. This definitive collection, which draws from five volumes published in Arabic as well as new unpublished work, brings to English-language readers a sweeping trove of Darwish’s most powerful and urgent poetry of the last decade. In spare lyric verse, Darwish testifies to the brutal and intimate traumas of war, the anguished fatigue of waking up each morning in an occupied land, and the immeasurable toll of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. While anchored in the geography of Palestine, his poetry also explores the rich artistic inheritance of the Arabic-speaking world, moving between regions, landscapes, and eras, from the glories of medieval Granada to the rippling shores of contemporary Haifa. In dialogue with poets, philosophers, and seekers from many different traditions, Darwish’s verse pulses with spiritual longing and a sense of battered, disoriented wonder—a witness to both the atrocities we visit upon one another and the miracle that we are here at all. No One Will Know You Tomorrow is a tribute to the indomitability of the human spirit: its sensitive attunement to beauty and its endurance in the face of unspeakable tragedy.
In Daybreak is Near ... : Literature, Clans and the Nation-State in Somalia, Ali Jimale Ahmed examines the role literature has played in modern Somali society of the past half century. The writer examines Somali literature, both written and oral, to trace the development of Somali nationalism, as well as seek explanations for the disintegration of the post-colonial Somali nation-state.
Introduction -- The ladder of the sciences and its commentaries -- The ladder of the sciences : contents and orientations -- Anatomy of the commentary : an internal view -- Anatomy of the commentary : a view from above -- A translation and study of the Sullam.
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