This book does not champion some of the popular misconceptions surrounding Islamic law. It does not advocate stoning to death; amputating the hands of thieves; call for the death penalty for those who leave the fold of Islam; or urge Muslims to save their souls from Hellfire by shunning bank loans for fear of incurring interest. What it does advocate is less sensationalistic, but it is in line with the real interpretation of Islamic law.Contemporary Interpretation of Islamic Law is divided into thirteen chapters. The majority of the chapters concentrate on criminal aspects of Islamic law, while the remainder concern themselves with social issues. Each chapter – where possible – provides background information of the topic under discussion and then proceeds to analyse, examine and critique the contentious parts of the topic, looking at the arguments from all sides and the evidence put forward by each side before arriving at a conclusion. The book is accompanied by a glossary. “Our work differs from other published titles on Islamic law as it takes into account the different aspects of the Qur’an. The Qur’an employs many parables, allegories and metaphors to highlight important messages for Mankind, yet jurists often make the common mistake of either omitting or misinterpreting these devices, resulting in inaccurate and often unlawful rulings which have direct and indirect effects on both Muslims and non-Muslims alike. It is hoped that our work will create a better understanding of the correct interpretation of the Qur’an and Islamic law,” says authors Ahmed Affi and Hassan Affi. Contemporary Interpretation of Islamic Law will appeal to those with an interest is Islam and Islamic law, though no specialist knowledge of Arabic or Islamic law is required.
This book does not champion some of the popular misconceptions surrounding Islamic law. It does not advocate stoning to death; amputating the hands of thieves; call for the death penalty for those who leave the fold of Islam; or urge Muslims to save their souls from Hellfire by shunning bank loans for fear of incurring interest. What it does advocate is less sensationalistic, but it is in line with the real interpretation of Islamic law.Contemporary Interpretation of Islamic Law is divided into thirteen chapters. The majority of the chapters concentrate on criminal aspects of Islamic law, while the remainder concern themselves with social issues. Each chapter – where possible – provides background information of the topic under discussion and then proceeds to analyse, examine and critique the contentious parts of the topic, looking at the arguments from all sides and the evidence put forward by each side before arriving at a conclusion. The book is accompanied by a glossary. “Our work differs from other published titles on Islamic law as it takes into account the different aspects of the Qur’an. The Qur’an employs many parables, allegories and metaphors to highlight important messages for Mankind, yet jurists often make the common mistake of either omitting or misinterpreting these devices, resulting in inaccurate and often unlawful rulings which have direct and indirect effects on both Muslims and non-Muslims alike. It is hoped that our work will create a better understanding of the correct interpretation of the Qur’an and Islamic law,” says authors Ahmed Affi and Hassan Affi. Contemporary Interpretation of Islamic Law will appeal to those with an interest is Islam and Islamic law, though no specialist knowledge of Arabic or Islamic law is required.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Mobile Agents for Telecommunication Applications, MATA 2002, held in Barcelona, Spain, in October 2002. The 28 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. The papers are organized in topical sections on agent architecture, framework, and platforms; mobile agent frameworks for telecommunication services; mobile agents in active networks; context-aware and ad-hoc communications; distributed monitoring and network management; security of mobile agents; mobile computing and QoS; migration and network management; mobile services; and collaborative environments and services.
Credit rating agencies play an essential role in the modern financial system and are relied on by creditors and investors on the market. In the recent financial crisis, their power and reliability were often questioned, yet a simple rating downgrade could threaten to bankrupt a whole country. This book examines the governance of credit rating agencies, as expressed by their ability to fairly, ethically and consistently assign higher rates to issuers having lesser default risks. However, factors such as the drive for increased revenue and market share, the inadequate business model, the inadequate methodology of assessing risk, opacity and inadequate internal monitoring have all been identified as critical governance failures for credit agencies. This book explores these issues, and proposes some potential solutions and improvements. This will be of interest to researchers and advanced students of corporate finance, finance, financial economics, risk management, investment management, and banking.
In Conceptions of Professionalism, Ken Bruce and Abdullahi Ahmed present the results of research into understanding what professionalism means to individuals who are CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNERTM professionals and how they conceive of acting professionally. Financial planning is establishing itself as a relatively new, emerging profession and an understanding of how its members experience professionalism provides insights that will help those responsible across the international financial planning community to establish relevant, accurate and meaningful professional standards for financial planners. The authors employ the relatively new research methodology of phenomenography, which enables them to describe the qualitatively different ways in which people understand or experience a phenomenon. This particularly lends itself to the study of a concept such as professionalism. This study gives voice to the financial planners represented in the research and will inform standard setting bodies seeking to understand professionalism through the eyes of the professionals themselves. What the research reveals about the concept of professionalism itself will be of value to those whose interests lie beyond the world of financial planning, and the application of the methodology used in the study will inform researchers contemplating phenomenographical studies elsewhere.
One of the easiest and fastest ways to create an additional stream of revenue from online sales is through an Amazon affiliate website. Although it's more the exception to the rule, some affiliates even earn six-figure incomes. "Realistically, if you're a full-time online business you'll monetize in several different ways, while the average person can earn a few hundred to maybe a couple thousand dollars," said Brian T. Edmondson, an internet income expert and coach based in Levittown, PA. Building your own site is low-cost, requires very little effort, and, in most cases, only takes a day to set up. Launching an affiliate site, however, is just the first step. The challenge is attracting the right traffic that will turn into product sales once a consumer clicks through to Amazon. The best results come from choosing the right niche-don't do what everyone else does. Focus on these methods to increase your odds of success Many explicit guides are available on affiliate marketing if you search online. You can study the ins and out of money-making online and have your way of beginning. We are here to discuss only how to promote Amazon affiliates if you're already involved with this program. Moreover, this book shows things in specific aspects. Straight from the zero, you can tweak your website an earning source with the proper affiliation. Are you pondering about how to overcome the unviable condition of your affiliate site? These tips compiled here are based on our experience and you can apply them to your project to gain more success.
This textbook presents a practical introduction to information security using the Competency Based Education (CBE) method of teaching. The content and ancillary assessment methods explicitly measure student progress in the three core categories: Knowledge, Skills, and Experience, giving students a balance between background knowledge, context, and skills they can put to work. Students will learn both the foundations and applications of information systems security; safeguarding from malicious attacks, threats, and vulnerabilities; auditing, testing, and monitoring; risk, response, and recovery; networks and telecommunications security; source code security; information security standards; and compliance laws. The book can be used in introductory courses in security (information, cyber, network or computer security), including classes that don’t specifically use the CBE method, as instructors can adjust methods and ancillaries based on their own preferences. The book content is also aligned with the Cybersecurity Competency Model, proposed by department of homeland security. The author is an active member of The National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE), which is led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NICE is a partnership between government, academia, and the private sector focused on cybersecurity education, training, and workforce development.
Understanding Classical Psychoanalysis gives a clear overview of the key tenets of classical Freudian psychoanalysis, and offers a guide to how these might be best understood and applied to contemporary psychoanalytic theory and practice. Covering such essential concepts as the Oedipal complex, narcissism and metapsychology, Fayek explores what Freud’s thinking has to offer psychoanalysts of all schools of thought today, and what key facets of his work can usefully be built on to develop future theory. The book will be of interest to psychoanalysts and psychoanalytic psychotherapists in practice and training, as well as teaching faculties and postgraduate students studying Freudian psychoanalysis.
The book titled "Animal Nutrition" by Prof. Dr. Ali Mehmood Alkassar, Prof. Dr. Amer Jebur Alisawi, Assi. Prof. Hayder Razzaq Abed, and Assis. Prof. Ahmed Kassem Kalaf, is a comprehensive educational resource aimed at helping students understand the fundamental concepts of animal nutrition. The book is designed as a study guide for less-experienced students in veterinary medicine and agriculture, focusing on key topics such as nutrient analysis, digestive processes, and the metabolism of various nutrients. The authors emphasize practical learning by providing essential information without overwhelming details, making it accessible to students with limited backgrounds in animal nutrition. The book's structure includes summaries and review questions at the end of each chapter, facilitating effective learning. It is intended to serve as a useful resource for both students and faculty in the digital age, covering the basic principles of food animal nutrition across 13 chapters.
Principles and Reactions of Protein Extraction, Purification, and Characterization provides the mechanisms and experimental procedures for classic to cutting-edge techniques used in protein extraction, purification, and characterization. The author presents the principles and reactions behind each procedure and uses tables to compare the different
ISIS's astonishing and unexpected military victories in 2014 and 2015 redrew the geopolitical map of the Middle East. Media attention focused on the organisation's savage treatment of its enemies and its ability to attract foreign fighters, but as this dispassionate book demonstrates it also made important innovations in strategy, ideology and governance. Ahmed S. Hashim argues that by focusing their ideology first and foremost on extreme anti-Shia sectarianism - rather than on Western 'infidels' - ISIS' founders were able to present themselves as the saviours of what they saw as the embattled Sunni 'nation' in Iraq. This enabled them to win the support of Sunni communities. Moreover, ISIS' stunning ability to take major cities was a result of its innovative tactics. It sowed terror in advance of its attacks by using targeted assassinations to kill key city leaders, and its decentralised regional command structure facilitated an unusual degree of coordination between small assault units. At the same time the organisation made a serious effort to engage in state-building and population control. By going beyond the often starkly unpleasant current affairs of the Islamic State, The Caliphate at War undertakes an essential investigation into the successes of the group, to better understand how the movement has survived, thrived, and reshaped the Middle East.
Angular is not just a framework, but rather a platform that empowers developers to build applications for the web, mobile, and the desktop. This collection is a set of books aimed at getting you up to speed with Angular. It contains: Learn Angular: Your First Week, a collection of articles introducing Angular Learn Angular: Build a Todo App, an in-depth project tutorial that builds a complete Angular application from start to finish Learn Angular: 4 Angular Projects presents four practical Angular projects Learn Angular: Related Tools & Skills contains a collection of articles outlining essential tools and skills that every modern JavaScript developer should know. This book is for all front-end developers who want to become proficient with Angular and its related tools. You'll need to be familiar with HTML and CSS and have a reasonable level of understanding of JavaScript in order to follow the discussion.
African Cities direction had not been challenging of leadership, and the mayors will be working discussion, advised opposition leaders bills, contractors, foreign investments, watched all Federal Ministers heard, Parliaments Opposition arguments inside, He must be respecting all state Governors Somalia Constitutions. Since the Mohamed Siyad Barre government was overthrowing in Somalia as his President, was good for Somalis or bad for them? A nationalized recession that hit Somalia after our Civil War; a new focus on our land, will need new countenance of government, new leaders in good health than the central point cream of the crop between Somalis. What is the City-Councils? SECTION 01: “ But Satan caused them to slip from it, and caused them to depart the state they were in. We said, “Go down, some of you enemies of one another. And you will have residence on earth, and enjoyment for a while.” (Surah, Al-Baqara, 36,) SECTION 02: “ When Abraham said, “O My Lord, make this a peaceful land, and provide its people with fruits—whoever of them believes in Allah and the Last Day.” He said, “And whoever disbelieves, I will give him a little enjoyment, then I will consign him to the punishment of the Fire; how miserable the destiny!” (Surah, Al-Baqara, 126,). What is the Public Administration? SECTION 01: “From the land that is clean and good, by the will of its “Cherisher” springs up produce, (Rich) after its kind: but from the land that is bad springs up nothing but that which is miserly: that do we explain the signs by various (Symbols) to those who are grateful”, (Holly Quran, Surah 7, Al-Araf, (58).) (Look back to the Book or Quran). The Meaning of the Holy Qur’an. Abdullah Yusuf Ali new edition with revised Translation. SECTION 02 “O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the messenger, and those changed with authority among you. If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His messenger, If ye do believe in Allah and the last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final determination. (59)” {Al-nisa, Qur’an). The Meaning of the Holy Qur’an. Abdullah Yusuf Ali new edition with revised Translation. What is the Leadership? SECTION 01: “They ask you about the bounties. Say, “The bounties are for Allah and the Messenger.” So be mindful of Allah, and settle your differences, and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you are believers”. . (surah, al-anfal, 1) SECTION 02: “Allah has promised you one of the two groups—that it would be yours—but you wanted the unarmed group to be yours. Allah intends to prove the truth with His words, and to uproot the disbelievers”. (surah, al-anfal, 7). SECTION 03: “We sent Noah to his people. He said, “O my people! Worship Allah; you have no god other than Him. I fear for you the punishment of a tremendous Day.” (surah, al-raaf, 59) What is the Party? SECTION 01: God Said, “We believed this Ayah, "And if two parties of believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them. And if one party of them doeth wrong to the other, fight ye that which doeth wrong till it returns unto the ordinance of Allah; then, if it return, make peace between them justly, and act equitably. Lo! Allah loveth the equitable". (9) Surah Al-Hujraa. African Cities regulator public administration will need to be rebuilding a security of leadership, review committee, and sub-committee he/she must have an experience in law enforcement. They are going to make available good management. They must very advantageous their education, politicians, direction, manager, and control; They can be particularity in the come around of the issues of the tribulations as well as Parties. That failed clan are not party system. They must be changing that challenge of leaders the state in its responses to up-to-the-minute intimidation of bad people in Africans. African will have good leadership in this area garnered the concentration and the go into raptures over of States. State of State can’t leaders, but they must the beginning African Union Federal land of youngest new paths, security advisor of the future States Governor, and our future in Africa Union and African Cities new future.
This book compares Islamic and Western ideas of human rights in order to ascertain which human rights, if any, can be considered universal. This is a profound topic with a rich history that is highly relevant within global politics and society today. The arguments in this book are formed by bringing William Talbott’s Which Rights Should Be Universal? (2005) and Abdulaziz Sachedina’s Islam and the Challenge of Human Rights (2014) into conversation. By bridging the gap between cultural relativists and moral universalists, this book seeks to offer a new model for the understanding of human rights. It contends that human rights abuses are outcomes of complex systems by design and/or by default. Therefore, it proposes that a rigorous systems-thinking approach will contribute to addressing the challenge of human rights. Engaging with Islamic and Western, historical and contemporary, and relativist and universalist thought, this book is a fresh take on a perennially important issue. As such, it will be a first-rate resource for any scholars working in religious studies, Islamic studies, Middle East studies, ethics, sociology, and law and religion.
Pharmacy Practice in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges offers a detailed review of the history and development of pharmacy practice in developing countries across Africa, Asia, and South America. Pharmacy practice varies substantially from country to country due to variations in needs and expectations, culture, challenges, policy, regulations, available resources, and other factors. This book focuses on each country’s strengths and achievements, as well as areas of weakness, barriers to improvement and challenges. It sets out to establish a baseline for best practices, taking all of these factors into account and offering solutions and opportunities for the future. This book is a valuable resource for academics, researchers, practicing pharmacists, policy makers, and students involved in pharmacy practice worldwide as it provides lessons learned on a global scale and seeks to advance the pharmacy profession. Uses the latest research and statistics to document the history and development of pharmacy practice in developing countries Describes current practice across various pharmacy sectors to supply a valuable comparative analysis across countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America Highlights areas of achievement, strengths, uniqueness, and future opportunities to provide a basis for learning and improvement Establishes a baseline for best practices and solutions
Intro: Are you bright enough and ready to usher in money online through Google? Are you even interested by the way to earn online? you'll be one among these people if they tell you that Clickbank and Google make great online money which you'll roll in the hay all from your home. more fail within the end. But it isn't all about being bright, it's more about how you think that. the most difference between the people that determine the way to earn online, the achievers and therefore the losers are their ability to place within the effort. they do not trust the quick-money hype. They simply repose on their successes until they discover the way to make a web income. they need the power to supply large quantities and a touch little bit of an empire. Do they appear happy? This guide will lead you to the proper road. the way to Do Keyword Research There are many techniques and tools which will be utilized to seek out keywords of great value. Keywords which will make your competition look foolish. Let's take a glance at only one strategy. Choosing Your Techniques Google Keyword Tool Each folks have a unprecedented free tool at our fingertips that immediately shows us the demand. it's also referred to as Google Keyword Tool. This tool is straightforward to use. Simply A phrase or word into the search box then click the Search button. Google Keyword Tool then displays the term you entered alongside many other related terms. Google may have demonstrated demand by publishing the worldwide Monthly Google Searches for specific terms. you'll use the Keyword Tool to seek out keyword ideas. you'll look for keywords themes by entering a keyword that's relevant to your job or service or a URL linking to related pages. Your area of labor or service. you'll also go on to filtering keywords next to the statistics tables. One can use the opposite, or both; the tool's flexibility is your choice. you'll try these things: To fine-tune your search further, you'll click on Advanced options. Relevant classes will appear to your left. However, you'll still click on Show all Categories to look at all the categories you've got the choice of using Keep your relevant categories highlighted. Select the keyword match type checkboxes to continue. the most browser pane allows you to fine tune your search. to form the columns you would like, click on "Columns" above the table. you'll find the results information. Keyword ideas that use related terms or categories also are available. After you submit keywords and a URL to our Keyword Tool, we'll send you extra keyword sets. you'll find the foremost relevant keyword categories below. They'll contain common keyword combinations that bear the first keyword. These terms also can contain synonyms or terms related. After you've created the keyword categories, further keyword sets will appear at a lower location. Submitted an enquiry using keywords, or a site address. If you only submit the words or phrases that you simply are checking out, there are standard keyword sets which will match your search. this is often where you'll find the first keyword that was entered. for instance, you would possibly use the term "watches". Your keyword groups resultants will include keyword sets containing the term "watches." This might include keywords sets that contain the term "watches" Include the keyword set "ladies' watches" and "gentlemen’s' watches". These terms are both bears Use the input keyword. Additional Terms If you enter both keywords and phrases alongside a site URL, additional keyword sets may appear. These are all possible keywords which will be utilized in any order. synonyms. you will possibly also find terms that are similar if you submit a site. URL. URL. It doesn't contain your keywords but is said to ladies’ caps. This tool has the subsequent benefits: * Search based allows you to seek out the foremost relevant search data from both the first Keyword Tool and the Search based. Keyword Tool. *you'll look for keyword ideas by using any combination or keywords, URLs, and categories. *
The military victories of the Islamic State have completely overturned the geopolitical map of the Middle East. Media attention has focused almost exclusively on Islamic State's savage treatment of its enemies and its ability to attract foreign fighters. In 2011, the first effort to build an Islamic State in Iraq was defeated by US and Iraqi forces. The second attempt to establish themselves, beginning in 2014, has been considerably more successful and that success calls for deeper investigation. In order to explain the successes of Islamic State, The Caliphate at War brings together a dispassionate and objective account of the significant innovations in insurgency, ideology, and governance. By focusing their ideology first and foremost on extreme anti-Shia sectarianism - rather than on Western "infidels" - the Islamic State's founders are able to present themselves as the saviors of what they see as the embattled Sunni "nation" in Iraq. Its success in taking and holding major cities, including Mosul, demonstrates its innovative tactics and skill at exploiting tribal and sectarian rivalries. By going beyond the often starkly unpleasant current affairs of the Islamic State, The Caliphate at War undertakes an essential investigation into the successes of the group, to better understand how the movement is surviving, thriving, and reshaping the Middle East.
In Daybreak is Near ... : Literature, Clans and the Nation-State in Somalia, Ali Jimale Ahmed examines the role literature has played in modern Somali society of the past half century. The writer examines Somali literature, both written and oral, to trace the development of Somali nationalism, as well as seek explanations for the disintegration of the post-colonial Somali nation-state.
This volume examines the economic problems of Arab countries following the Arab Spring. The authors argue that reforms need to accomplish four objectives: more opportunities for youth, modernization of the state, creation of a competitive private economy, and integration of Arab countries with the global economy.
2022 International Labor History Association Book of the Year A dramatic, deeply researched account of how legal repression and vigilantism brought down the Wobblies—and how the destruction of their union haunts us to this day. In 1917, the Industrial Workers of the World was rapidly gaining strength and members. Within a decade, this radical union was effectively destroyed, the victim of the most remarkable campaign of legal repression and vigilantism in American history. Under the Iron Heel is the first comprehensive account of this campaign. Founded in 1905, the IWW offered to the millions of workers aggrieved by industrial capitalism the promise of a better world. But its growth, coinciding with World War I and the Russian Revolution and driven by uncompromising militancy, was seen by powerful capitalists and government officials as an existential threat that had to be eliminated. In Under the Iron Heel, Ahmed White documents the torrent of legal persecution and extralegal, sometimes lethal violence that shattered the IWW. In so doing, he reveals the remarkable courage of those who faced this campaign, lays bare the origins of the profoundly unequal and conflicted nation we know today, and uncovers disturbing truths about the law, political repression, and the limits of free speech and association in class society.
An informative look at the intricacies of today's drug development process Once a discovery organization has identified a potential new drug candidate, it is the daunting task of synthetic organic chemists to identify the chemical process suitable for preparation of this compound in a highly regulated environment. Only through a multi-layered chemical process that takes into account such factors as safety, environmental considerations, freedom to operate and cost-effectiveness can researchers begin to refine the drug in terms of quality and yield. This book covers both recent advances in the design and synthesis of new drugs, as well as the myriad other issues facing a new drug candidate as it moves through the development process. Utilizing recent case studies, the authors provide valuable insights into the complexities of the process, from designing new synthetic methodologies and applying new automated techniques for finding optimal reaction conditions to selecting the final drug form and formulation. Both novice and active researchers will appreciate the inclusion of chapters on such diverse topics as: * Cross-coupling methods * Asymmetric synthesis * Automation * Chemical Engineering * Application of radioisotopes * Final form selection * Formulations * Intellectual property A wealth of real-world examples and contributions from leading process scientists, engineers, and related professionals make this book a valuable addition to the scientific literature.
A bold new conceptualization of Islam that reflects its contradictions and rich diversity What is Islam? How do we grasp a human and historical phenomenon characterized by such variety and contradiction? What is "Islamic" about Islamic philosophy or Islamic art? Should we speak of Islam or of islams? Should we distinguish the Islamic (the religious) from the Islamicate (the cultural)? Or should we abandon "Islamic" altogether as an analytical term? In What Is Islam?, Shahab Ahmed presents a bold new conceptualization of Islam that challenges dominant understandings grounded in the categories of "religion" and "culture" or those that privilege law and scripture. He argues that these modes of thinking obstruct us from understanding Islam, distorting it, diminishing it, and rendering it incoherent. What Is Islam? formulates a new conceptual language for analyzing Islam. It presents a new paradigm of how Muslims have historically understood divine revelation—one that enables us to understand how and why Muslims through history have embraced values such as exploration, ambiguity, aestheticization, polyvalence, and relativism, as well as practices such as figural art, music, and even wine drinking as Islamic. It also puts forward a new understanding of the historical constitution of Islamic law and its relationship to philosophical ethics and political theory. A book that is certain to provoke debate and significantly alter our understanding of Islam, What Is Islam? reveals how Muslims have historically conceived of and lived with Islam as norms and truths that are at once contradictory yet coherent.
“The most systematic, critical study of an especially important tradition from early Islamic history, the so-called incident of the Satanic verses.” —Choice One of the most controversial episodes in the life of the Prophet Muhammad concerns an incident in which he allegedly mistook words suggested by Satan as divine revelation. Known as the Satanic verses, these praises to the pagan deities contradict the Islamic belief that Allah is one and absolute. Muslims today?of all sects?deny that the incident of the Satanic verses took place. But as Shahab Ahmed explains, Muslims did not always hold this view. Before Orthodoxy wrestles with the question of how religions establish truth?especially religions such as Islam that lack a centralized authority to codify beliefs. Taking the now universally rejected incident of the Satanic verses as a case study in the formation of Islamic orthodoxy, Ahmed shows that early Muslims, circa 632 to 800 CE, held the exact opposite belief. For them, the Satanic verses were an established fact in the history of the Prophet. Ahmed offers a detailed account of the attitudes of Muslims to the Satanic verses in the first two centuries of Islam and traces the chains of transmission in the historical reports known as riwayah. Touching directly on the nature of Muhammad’s prophetic visions, the interpretation of the Satanic verses incident is a question of profound importance in Islam, one that plays a role in defining the limits of what Muslims may legitimately say and do?issues crucial to understanding the contemporary Islamic world.
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