Metallurgical Thermodynamics, as well as its modified version, Thermodynamics of Materials, forms a core course in metallurgical and materials engineering, constituting one of the principal foundations in these disciplines. Designed as an undergraduate textbook, this concise and systematically organized text deals primarily with the thermodynamics of systems involving physico-chemical processes and chemical reactions, such as calculations of enthalpy, entropy and free energy changes of processes; thermodynamic properties of solutions; chemical and phase equilibria; and thermodynamics of surfaces, interfaces and defects. The major emphasis is on high-temperature systems and processes involving metals and inorganic compounds. The many worked examples, diagrams, and tables that illustrate the concepts discussed, and chapter-end problems that stimulate self-study should enable the students to study the subject with enhanced interest.
The steelmaking industry and its customers have benefited enormously from the many significant technological advances of the last thirty years. As their customers become ever more quality conscious, however, steelmakers must continue their efforts to minimize harmful impurities, minimize as well as modify harmful nonmetallic inclusions and achieve
The Book Attempts To Present A Comprehensive View Of Extractive Metallurgy, Especially Principles Of Extractive Metallurgy In A Concise Form. This Is The First Book In This Area Which Attempts To Do It. It Has Been Written In Textbook Style. It Presents The Various Concepts Step By Step, Shows Their Importance, Deals With Elementary Quantitative Formulations, And Illustrates Through Quantitative And Qualitative Informations. The Approach Is Such That Even Undergraduate Students Would Be Able To Follow The Topics Without Much Difficulty And Without Much Of A Background In Specialized Subjects. This Is Considered To Be A Very Useful Approach In This Area Of Technology. Moreover The Inter-Disciplinary Nature Of The Subject Has Been Duely Brought Out.While Teaching Concerned Course(S) In The Undergraduate And Postgraduate Level The Authors Felt The Need Of Such A Book. The Authors Found The Books Available On The Subject Did Not Fulfill The Requirements. No Other Book Was Concerned With All Relevant Concepts. Most Of Them Laid Emphasis Either On Thermodynamic Aspects Or On Discussing Unit Processes. Transport Phenomena Are Dealt With In Entirely Different Books. Reactor Concepts Were Again Lying In Chemical Engineering Texts. The Authors Tried To Harmonize And Synthesize The Concepts In Elementary Terms For Metallurgists.The Present Book Contains A Brief Descriptive Summary Of Some Important Metallurgical Unit Processes. Subsequently It Discusses Not Only Physical Chemistry Of Metallurgical Reactions And Processes But Also Rate Phenomena Including Heat And Mass Transfer, Fluid Flow, Mass And Energy Balance, And Elements Of Reactor Engineering. A Variety Of Scientific And Engineering Aspects Of Unit Processes Have Been Discussed With Stress On The Basic Principles All Throughout. There Is An Attempt To Introduce, As Much As Possible, Quantitative Treatments And Engineering Estimates. The Latter May Often Be Approximate From The Point Of View Of Theory But Yields Results That Are Very Valuable To Both Practicing Metallurgists As Well As Others.
This authoritative account covers the entire spectrum from iron ore to finished steel. It begins by tracing the history of iron and steel production, right from the earlier days to today’s world of oxygen steelmaking, electric steelmaking, secondary steelmaking and continuous casting. The physicochemical fundamental concepts of chemical equilibrium, activity-composition relationships, and structure-properties of molten metals are introduced before going into details of transport phenomena, i.e. kinetics, mixing and mass transfer in ironmaking and steelmaking pro-cesses. Particular emphasis is laid on the understanding of the fundamental principles of the processes and their application to the optimisation of actual processes. Modern developments in blast furnaces, including modelling and process control are discussed along with an introduction to the alternative methods of ironmaking. In the area of steelmaking, BOF plant practice including pre-treatment of hot metal, metallurgical features of oxygen steelmaking processes, and their control form part of the book. It also covers basic open hearth, electric arc furnace and stainless steelmaking, before discussing the area of casting of liquid steel—ingot casting, continuous casting and near net shape casting. The book concludes with a chapter on the status of the ironmaking and steelmaking in India. In line with the application of theoretical principles, several worked-out examples dealing with fundamental principles as applied to actual plant situations are presented. The book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of metallurgical engineering. It would also be immensely useful to researchers in the area of iron and steel.
The book discusses the techniques of plant tissue culture, the fundamental basis for the development of innovative crop improvement strategies, and emerging paradigms in plant genome research. According to the latest syllabus of leading national and international universities, the book, in its second edition, introduces two new chapters on “Cell Biology and Cell Culture” and “Recent Trends in Crop Production and Management”. Answers of different Questions especially laboratory techniques and instrumental analysis in Agricultural Biotechnology are included and provide a basic background to some of the techniques used for improving agricultural industries, as well as these also provide insights into advanced aspects of applications in agriculture. The book caters the needs of students of higher studies at different levels in colleges, universities, and research institutes. The book is suitable for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Agricultural Biotechnology. Also, it is very useful to researchers and agronomists. NEW TO THE EDITION The new edition of the book includes: 1. Updated text according to the latest syllabus of leading national and international universities. 2. Two new chapters on “Cell Biology and Cell Culture” and “Recent Trends in Crop Production and Management”. 3. Different Questions with Answers to better understand the techniques used for improving agricultural industries and advanced aspects of applications in agriculture. TARGET AUDIENCE • UG and PG (Agricultural Biotechnology)
Mechanical kinetics constitutes one of the basic subjects for Metallurgical Engineering. This well-written book presents the subject of kinetics of metallurgical processes in a compressive fashion. Organized into 14 chapters, the book begins with an introduction of the broad basic concepts. It then discusses the kinetics of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions with some real-life examples from the metallurgical field. The book adequately covers the concepts of diffusion, convective mass transfer and mixing in fluids, as well as mass transfer in fluids adjacent to a solid surface. Several important processes in metallurgical and materials engineering involve reactions of porous solids with gases. The book discusses this with the help of two important reactions, namely, reduction of iron ores and gasification of carbon. It also deals with mass transfer among two fields and presents the kinetics of electrochemical reactions and phase transformation in a simple manner. The book also contains plenty of numerical worked-out examples and problems, some of which involve computer programs. The Appendix gives some important data useful for solving problems in kinetics. The book is designed for one-semester course for undergraduate students of metallurgical discipline.
Metallurgical Thermodynamics, as well as its modified version, Thermodynamics of Materials, forms a core course in metallurgical and materials engineering, constituting one of the principal foundations in these disciplines. Designed as an undergraduate textbook, this concise and systematically organized text deals primarily with the thermodynamics of systems involving physico-chemical processes and chemical reactions, such as calculations of enthalpy, entropy and free energy changes of processes; thermodynamic properties of solutions; chemical and phase equilibria; and thermodynamics of surfaces, interfaces and defects. The major emphasis is on high-temperature systems and processes involving metals and inorganic compounds. The many worked examples, diagrams, and tables that illustrate the concepts discussed, and chapter-end problems that stimulate self-study should enable the students to study the subject with enhanced interest.
Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Explore the latest processes, techniques, and technologies to economically refine and produce biofuels Featuring contributions from a wide range of experts in the field, this comprehensive guide explores biofuel chemistry, refining processes, and performance characteristics. Unlike most biofuel resources that broadly cover non-conventional energy sources, the book goes into specifics about engine performance, making it a highly valuable resource for students, researchers, and practitioners. Grounded in professional relevance and expertise, Principles of Biofuels and Hydrogen Gas: Production and Engine Performance discusses the theories and experimental procedures required to economically prepare biofuels. You will get full coverage of extraction hydrogen gas from biomass and water media as well as refining biofuels from algae and biomass. End-of-chapter questions throughout reinforce comprehension. • Provides information on biofuels that will benefit human health and the environment • Covers biofuel properties, impacts, and economic factors • Written by team of international experts led by a seasoned biofuels educator
This authoritative account covers the entire spectrum from iron ore to finished steel. It begins by tracing the history of iron and steel production, right from the earlier days to today’s world of oxygen steelmaking, electric steelmaking, secondary steelmaking and continuous casting. The physicochemical fundamental concepts of chemical equilibrium, activity-composition relationships, and structure-properties of molten metals are introduced before going into details of transport phenomena, i.e. kinetics, mixing and mass transfer in ironmaking and steelmaking pro-cesses. Particular emphasis is laid on the understanding of the fundamental principles of the processes and their application to the optimisation of actual processes. Modern developments in blast furnaces, including modelling and process control are discussed along with an introduction to the alternative methods of ironmaking. In the area of steelmaking, BOF plant practice including pre-treatment of hot metal, metallurgical features of oxygen steelmaking processes, and their control form part of the book. It also covers basic open hearth, electric arc furnace and stainless steelmaking, before discussing the area of casting of liquid steel—ingot casting, continuous casting and near net shape casting. The book concludes with a chapter on the status of the ironmaking and steelmaking in India. In line with the application of theoretical principles, several worked-out examples dealing with fundamental principles as applied to actual plant situations are presented. The book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of metallurgical engineering. It would also be immensely useful to researchers in the area of iron and steel.
The steelmaking industry and its customers have benefited enormously from the many significant technological advances of the last thirty years. As their customers become ever more quality conscious, however, steelmakers must continue their efforts to minimize harmful impurities, minimize as well as modify harmful nonmetallic inclusions and achieve
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