مملکتِ خدا داد پاکستان کے چند اتفاقات1۔ بین الاقوامی سطح پر پاکستان کو جو انٹر نیشنل کوڈ دیا گیا ہے۔ وہ 92 ہے یہ 91 بھی ہو سکتا تھا اور93 بھی ہو سکتا تھا لیکن یہ 92 ہے جو نبی پاکﷺ کے اسم و اعداد ہیں۔2۔ نبی پاک ﷺ کا پسند یدہ رنگ سبز اور سفید تھا ۔ پاکستان کے جھنڈے کا رنگ بھی سبز اور سفید ہے۔3۔ ریاستِ مدینہ کا قیام مسلمان اور غیر مسلمان کی بنیاد بنا اور پاکستان کے لئے بھی ووٹصرف مسلمانوں نے دیئے اور اسی بنیاد پر اس کا قیام ممکن ہوا۔4۔ انگریز بہادر نے مسلمانوں کے علیحدہ ملک ک لئے تقسیم ِ ہند کی تاریخ جون 1948 رکھی تھیجبکہ پاکستان 27 رمضان المبارک 14 اگست 1947 کو وجود میں آیا۔5۔ سمجھنے والوں کے لئے اس میں نشانیاں ہیں۔ جس کا فیصلہ علامہ اقبال نے اس طرح سے کیا۔پھول کی پتی سے کٹ سکتا ہے ہیرے کا جگر۔مردِ ناداں پر کلامِ نرم و نازک بے اثر
In 2009, more than 40,000 people died prematurely in Sindh, Pakistan because of an illness associated with an environmental health risk. This means that almost one of every five deaths that occurred that year was caused by environmental factors. Loss of natural resources and impacts from natural disasters also represent development challenges. Increased salinity and waterlogging result in loss of agricultural crops. In addition, hydro-meteorological hazards recurrently affect Sindh, as illustrated by the devastating effects of the 2010 and 2011 floods. For Sindh's population, these problems mean pain and suffering, and reduced opportunities for economic advancement. The costs of all these phenomena are equivalent to 10% of Sindh's Gross Domestic Product. Climate change may exacerbate these challenges. Sindh's environmental and climate change problems call for urgent responses. A number of feasible interventions could be carried out to address the categories of environmental degradation that have the highest impacts on Sindh's population. Many of those interventions have positive benefit-cost ratios, meaning that every rupee invested in them would result in health and social benefits worth more than one rupee. Addressing these challenges also calls for targeted institutional strengthening and policy improvements, particularly after the 18th Constitutional Amendment devolved environmental management responsibilities to provincial governments. The underlying goal of this book is to facilitate and stimulate sharing of information on these phenomena, and to provide an interdisciplinary framework for bringing about improved environmental conditions in Sindh. It includes a methodology that enables the identification of environmental and climate change priority problems; the analysis of interventions to address such problems; the establishment of a social learning mechanism to continuously improve Sindh's responses and build resilience in the face of climate variability and change; and opportunities for the potential involvement of different stakeholder groups to decisively tackle climate change and deteriorating environmental conditions.
This book provides a critical review of recent advances in the development of fluorescent organic nanoparticles as materials of choice for the design and fabrication of sensors, bioimaging agents and drug delivery systems. The properties and functions of nanoparticles differ significantly from those of their parent entities or their bulk phases. Two of their most important features are their increased surface-to volume ratio, and the formation of surface structures differing from those in their bulk phases. In addition, the book discusses the synthesis of fluorescent conjugated polymers, self-assembled fluorescent nanoparticles, polydopamine nanoparticles, and aggregation-induced-emission or aggregation-induced-emission enhancement nanomaterials. In closing, the book provides an outlook on future research and development in fluorescent organic nanoparticles as smart materials with an impressive range of potential applications.
The extent of urban air pollution in Pakistan—South Asia's most urbanized country—is among the world’s most severe, significantly damaging human health, quality of life, and the economy and environment of Pakistan. The harm from Pakistan's urban air pollution is among the highest in South Asia, exceeding several high-profile causes of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan. Improved air quality management (AQM) in Pakistan can have notable economic and health benefits. For example, the estimated health benefits per dollar spent on cleaner diesel are approximately US $1–1.5 for light-duty diesel vehicles and US $1.5–2.4 for large buses and trucks. This report advocates that Pakistan allocate resources to AQM, because its air quality is severely affecting millions of Pakistanis, and because experiences around the world indicate that interventions can significantly improve air quality. This report details a broad spectrum of research on Pakistan’s AQM challenges, and identifies a comprehensive set of steps to improve air quality. The research presented here underpins the conclusions that addressing Pakistan's urban air pollution requires coordinated interventions to strengthen AQM, build agencies' institutional capacity, bolster AQM's legal and regulatory framework, implement policy reforms and investments, and fill knowledge gaps. However, Pakistan's policy makers face major obstacles, including limited financial, human, and technical resources, and can pursue only a few AQM interventions at the same time. In the short term, Pakistan's AQM should give highest priority to reducing pollutants linked to high morbidity and mortality: PM2.5 (and precursors like SOx and NOx) from mobile sources. A second-level short-term priority could be PM2.5, SOx, and emissions of toxic metals from stationary sources. An important medium-term priority should be mass transportation in major cities, controlling traffic, and restricting private cars during high-pollution episodes. A long-term priority could be taxing hydrocarbons, based on their contribution to greenhouse gases.
This is a provocative piece of scholarship, and it engages an intriguing aspect of postcolonial writing.-Choice "Fawzia Afzal-Khan's excellent book could stand as a reply to those hostile critics who today attack 'multiculturalism' for reductively politicizing literature. In her trenchant discussion, Afzal-Khan shows just how complex the politics of 'liberation' can be for colonial and postcolonial novelists." -Gerald Graff, University of Chicago"Afzal-Khan's study is a major new contribution to the related fields of Indian writing in English and post-colonial literatures. Focused primarily on four Indian novelists, its arguments and conclusions are of vital importance to our understanding of the many new literatures from the former British colonies. Through her judicious use of the theoretical constructs of Frantz Fanon, Fredric Jameson, Edward Said, and others, Afzal-Khan has produced a fresh and compelling interpretation of the Indian-English novel."-Amritjit Singh, Rhode Island CollegeCultural Imperialism and the Indo-English Novel focuses on the novels of R. K. Narayan, Anita Desai, Kamala Markandaya, and Salman Rushdie and explores the tension in these novels between ideology and the generic fictive strategies that shape ideology or are shaped by it. Fawzia Afzal-Khan raises the important question of how much the usage of certain ideological strategies actually helps the ex-colonized writer deal effectively with post-colonial and post-independence trauma and whether or not the choice of a particular genre or mode employed by a writer presupposes the extent to which that writer will be successful in challenging the ideological strategies of "containment" perpetuated by most Western "orientalist" texts and writers. She argues that the formal or generic choices of the four writers studied here reveal that they are using genre as an ideological "strategy of liberation" to help free their peoples and cultures from the hegemonic strategies of "containment" imposed upon them. She concludes that the works studied here constitute an ideological rebuttal of Western writers' denigrating "containment" of non-Western cultures. She also notes that self-criticism, as implied in Rushdie's works, is not be confused with self-hatred, a theme found in Naipaul's work.
This book identifies reforms that can help manage environmental priority problems associated with transport’s impacts on air quality, noise pollution, road safety, hazardous-materials transport, climate change, and urban sprawl. The policy options are contextualized in light of the Government of Pakistan’s 2011 Framework for Economic Growth and its strategic objectives. Appendixes A–D present additional background information, describe the economic and institutional analyses undergirding this report, and detail the report’s methodology. This analytical work by a team of World Bank specialists focuses on: • analyzing the policy and institutional adjustments required to address environmental, social, and poverty aspects of increased transportation efficiency in Pakistan; • identifying policy options for the Government of Pakistan to better serve the population, to enhance social cohesion, and to foster equitable benefit sharing with low-income or other vulnerable groups; • developing a broad participatory process to give a voice to stakeholders who could be affected by enhancements of freight transport productivity; and • making robust recommendations to strengthen governance and the institutional capacity of agencies to manage the environmental, social, and poverty consequences of freight transportation infrastructure.
Over the last fifteen years, Pakistan has come to be defined exclusively in terms of its struggle with terror. But are ordinary Pakistanis extremists? And what explains how Pakistanis think? Much of the current work on extremism in Pakistan tends to study extremist trends in the country from a detached position—a top-down security perspective, that renders a one-dimensional picture of what is at its heart a complex, richly textured country of 200 million people. In this book, using rigorous analysis of survey data, in-depth interviews in schools and universities in Pakistan, historical narrative reporting, and her own intuitive understanding of the country, Madiha Afzal gives the full picture of Pakistan’s relationship with extremism. The author lays out Pakistanis’ own views on terrorist groups, on jihad, on religious minorities and non-Muslims, on America, and on their place in the world. The views are not radical at first glance, but are riddled with conspiracy theories. Afzal explains how the two pillars that define the Pakistani state—Islam and a paranoia about India—have led to a regressive form of Islamization in Pakistan’s narratives, laws, and curricula. These, in turn, have shaped its citizens’ attitudes. Afzal traces this outlook to Pakistan’s unique and tortured birth. She examines the rhetoric and the strategic actions of three actors in Pakistani politics—the military, the civilian governments, and the Islamist parties—and their relationships with militant groups. She shows how regressive Pakistani laws instituted in the 1980s worsened citizen attitudes and led to vigilante and mob violence. The author also explains that the educational regime has become a vital element in shaping citizens’ thinking. How many years one attends school, whether the school is public, private, or a madrassa, and what curricula is followed all affect Pakistanis’ attitudes about terrorism and the rest of the world. In the end, Afzal suggests how this beleaguered nation—one with seemingly insurmountable problems in governance and education—can change course.
Drawing from a deep well of Indian and Afghan knowledge, Nasiri has compiled a capitulating story of his father's escape from Afghanistan at age twelve in 1929 to India while Nadir Shah usurped Kabul throne from Habibullah Kalakani. Kalakani was illiterate and the only Tajik Amir in the history of Afghanistan. Nasiri's grandfather, Malik Zaman Nasiri of Farza, Kohdaman, was a supporter of Kalakani and was executed by Nadir Shah along with Kalakani after he lost the throne, following a nine-month hiatus. Nasiri writes a gripping story of his father suddenly waking up in the middle of the night, bullets and bombs flying all over. As if a stone was hurled at the sleeping birds' nest, they all had to fly in the dark night, ironically guided by the light of the cracking bullets and shattering of cannon fire. In 1980, walking in his father's footsteps after almost fifty years, Nasiri goes on to narrate the story of his retreat from Afghanistan to save his life and that of his young wife and eighteen-month-old son from the clutches of Marxist regime of Kabul, who overthrew the ruling republic of Mohammad Daoud in a bloody coupe in April 1978. It was an age of tumult, Nasiri writes. Nasiri lands in India with the desire and urgency to migrate to the safe haven of the United States, his lifelong dream and subject of his dissertation when graduating from master's at Aligarh University India Nasiri has written his story as an outsider looking in Afghanistan's social and political upheavals. He returned to his fatherland, fulfilling his dad's desire to start a new life in his land in 1971. He was back in India in 1980.
This book describes the emergence and recent advances in the design and development of rhodium complexes as therapeutic agents. Different classes of anticancer rhodium complexes with particular emphasis on ligands containing nitrogen-oxygen donor atoms are presented. Anticancer rhodium complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes are described, while half-sandwich, heterobimetallic, and multinuclear rhodium complexes are discussed. Therapeutic applications of rhodium complexes beyond cancer such as antibacterial agents or antiviral agents are also analyzed, among others. Their mechanism of action is overviewed in detail, and the authors thoroughly comment on the challenges and future outlooks of research in the development of rhodium metallodrugs. This title highlights the important research carried out in the development of therapeutic rhodium complexes and is of great interest to graduates and researchers working in the area of rhodium-based therapeutic drugs.
Rumi is perhaps the only example in world literature of a devoted prose writer who suddenly burst forth into poetry during middle age to become a truly great mystical poet for all time. This book, a long-overdue reckoning of his life and work, begins with a description and examination of the living conditions in 13th-century Persia. Building on this context, the author proceeds to fully analyze the formative period of Rumi’s life leading up to 1261– when he began the monumental work of writing the Mathnawi. Toward the end of the book, the author investigates Rumi’s thought and includes translations of those portions of the Mathnawi that have been hitherto unavailable in English. Combining an unparalleled familiarity with the source material, a total and critical understanding of the subject, and a powerful and readable prose style, this is an extraordinary study of a truly remarkable poet and mystic.
The first edition of An Aid to the MRCP Short Cases rapidly estabished itself as a classic and has sold over 25,000 copies. The aims of this revised and extended second edition are the same as those of the first: to provide a comprehensive guide for those preparing for the short cases section of the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians examination. The MRCP examination is a major hurdle for all trainee hospital physicians and has a failure rate of over 70%. The largest part of the book consists of 200 short cases that are presented in order of frequency of their occurrence in the examination (based on an extensive survey of successful candidates). The clinical features of each case are fully covered and supported by illustrations and photographs. The emphasis throughout the book is on examination technique and how to present the clinical information in the style that the examiners expect. In short, it is an indispensable guide for anyone preparing for this critical examination.
This new edition of An Aid to the MRCP Paces Volume 1: Stations 1 and 3 has been fully revised and updated, and reflects feedback from PACES candidates as to which cases frequently appear in each station. The hundreds of cases have been written in accordance with the latest examining and marking schemes used for the exam and, together with exam hints, tips, routines and clinical checklists, provide an invaluable training and revision aid for all MRCP PACES candidates.
The forerunner to this book - Ryder, Mir & Freeman's 'An Aid to the MRCP Short Cases' - rapidly established itself as a classic and has sold over 30,000 copies. The new Progressive Assessment of Clinical Examination Skills (PACES) has replaced the old short case exam and, as a result, the authors have revised, reworked and extended their highly successful text so that it continues to address the study needs of candidates. This new revision aid is now presented in two volumes: An Aid to the MRCP PACES Volume 1: Stations 1, 3 and 5 An Aid to the MRCP PACES Volume 2: Stations 2 and 4 This Volume covers Station 1 'Respiratory and Abdominal Systems', Station 3 'Cardiovascular and Neurological Systems' and Station 5 'Skin, Locomoter, Eyes and the Endocrine System'. The 200 cases have been written in accordance with the new examining and marking schemes used for the exam. They provide an invaluable training and revision aid for all candidates.
This book introduces readers to both basic and advanced concepts in deep network models. It covers state-of-the-art deep architectures that many researchers are currently using to overcome the limitations of the traditional artificial neural networks. Various deep architecture models and their components are discussed in detail, and subsequently illustrated by algorithms and selected applications. In addition, the book explains in detail the transfer learning approach for faster training of deep models; the approach is also demonstrated on large volumes of fingerprint and face image datasets. In closing, it discusses the unique set of problems and challenges associated with these models.
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