The Art and Science of Dermal Formulation Development is a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of transdermal and topical formulation development, covering preclinical studies, evaluation, and regulatory approval. It enables the reader to understand the opportunities and challenges in developing products and how risks can be mitigated. Over the last 25 years, expertise in this area has declined whilst drug delivery systems for other administration routes have developed significantly. The advantages offered by transdermal and topical drug delivery remain compelling for sectors including the pharmaceutical industry, personal care, and cosmetics. This text addresses the dearth of expertise and discusses how skin can be a route of delivery and the processes in formulation development, but how such an application is very different to that used for oral, IV, and other administration routes. Key Features: Presents a practical guide for both industry and academia Focuses on and draws together the fundamental principles behind transdermal and topical drug delivery Illustrates the practicalities of formulation design using key case studies Gives an understanding of the skin as a route of delivery and how formulation development for such application differs from that for other administration routes
Martyrs' Mirror examines the folklore of martyrdom among seventeenth-century New England Protestants, exploring how they imagined themselves within biblical and historical narratives of persecution. Memories of martyrdom, especially stories of the Protestants killed during the reign of Queen Mary in the mid-sixteenth century, were central to a model of holiness and political legitimacy. The colonists of early New England drew on this historical imagination in order to strengthen their authority in matters of religion during times of distress. By examining how the notions of persecution and martyrdom move in and out of the writing of the period, Adrian Chastain Weimer finds that the idea of the true church as a persecuted church infused colonial identity. Though contested, the martyrs formed a shared heritage, and fear of being labeled a persecutor, or even admiration for a cheerful sufferer, could serve to inspire religious tolerance. The sense of being persecuted also allowed colonists to avoid responsibility for aggression against Algonquian tribes. Surprisingly, those wishing to defend maltreated Christian Algonquians wrote their history as a continuation of the persecutions of the true church. This examination of the historical imagination of martyrdom contributes to our understanding of the meaning of suffering and holiness in English Protestant culture, of the significance of religious models to debates over political legitimacy, and of the cultural history of persecution and tolerance.
This book covers the design and development of glucocorticoid receptor modulators (GRM) from cortisol to antibody-drug conjugate payloads over the last 70 years. The author starts with an introduction to the background of glucocorticoid receptor modulators as potential therapeutic modalities. This is followed by seven chapters in which he collates and discusses the medicinal chemistry journey of GRMs, reviewing topics such as cortisol-based glucocorticoids, the different approaches that have been pursued to enable chronic dosing of GRM compounds by inactivation in plasma and the liver, the application of prodrugs to GRMs, selective GRMs, targeted delivery of GRMs using polymers and nanoparticles, and rational drug design approaches applied in the development of GRMs. Particular attention is given to the development of glucocorticoid receptor modulators as immunology antibody-drug conjugate payloads. In the book’s final chapter, the author critiques the medicinal chemistry progress made since the discovery of cortisone and the promise of the latest antibody-drug conjugates that release a GRM payload. In this book, readers will also find an overview of the X-ray structures of glucocorticoid receptor antagonists and a list of all the earlier reviews that cover part of the medicinal chemistry story of GRM collated by keywords organized in a table. With several examples of crystal structures and molecular modeling, this book illustrates the huge effort by multiple companies and research groups to develop glucocorticoid receptor modulators. Professionals and scholars alike will find it a handy tool, and appreciate the latest research findings that it presents.
Currently, Internet and virtual reality communication is essentially audio-visual. The next important breakthrough of the Internet will be the communication and sharing of smell and taste experiences digitally. Audio-visual stimuli are frequency based, and they can be easily digitized and actuated. On the other hand, taste and smell stimuli are based on chemical molecules, therefore, they are not easy to digitize or actuate. To solve this problem, we are required to discover new digital actuation technologies for taste and smell. The authors of this book have experimented on developing digital actuation devices for several years. This book will provide a complete overview of the importance of digitizing taste and smell, prior works, proposed technologies by the authors, other state of the art research, advantages and limitations of the proposed methods, and future applications. We expect digital taste and smell technologies will revolutionize the field of multisensory augmented reality and open up new interaction possibilities in different disciplines such as Human Computer Interaction, Communication, and Augmented and Virtual Reality.
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