The modern political idea of jihad—a violent struggle against corrupt or anti-Islamic regimes—is essentially the brainchild of one man who turned traditional Islamic precepts inside out and created the modern radical political Islamist movement. Using the evolution of Sayyid Qutb's life and writings, Musallam traces and analyzes Qutb's alienation and subsequent emergence as an independent Islamist within the context of his society and the problems that it faced. Radicalized following his stay in the United States in the late 1940s and during his imprisonment from 1954 to 1964, Qutb would pen controversial writings that would have a significant impact on young Islamists in Egypt for decades following his death and on global jihadist Islamists for the past quarter century. Since September 11, 2001, the West has dubbed Qutb the philosopher of Islamic terror and godfather ideologue of al-Qaeda. This is the first book to examine his life and thought in the wake of the events that ignited the War on Terrorism. A secular man of letters in the 1930s and 1940s, Qutb's outlook and focus on Quranic studies underwent drastic changes during World War II. The Quran became a refuge for his personal needs and for answers to the ills of his society. As a result, he forsook literature permanently for the Islamic cause and way of life. His stay in the United States from 1948 to 1950 reinforced his deeply held belief that Islam is man's only salvation from the abyss of Godless materialism he believed to be manifest in both capitalism and communism. Qutb's active opposition to the secular policies of Egyptian President Nasser led to his imprisonment from 1954 to 1964, during which his writings called for the overthrow of Jahili (pagan) governments and their replacement with a true and just Islamic society. A later arrest and trial resulted in his execution in August 1966.
The Translation Movement of the Abbasid Period, which lasted for almost three hundred years, was a unique event in world history. During this period, much of the intellectual tradition of the Greeks, Persians, and Indians was translated into Arabic—a language with no prior history of translation or of science, medicine, or philosophy. This book investigates the cultural and political conflicts that translation brought into the new Abbasid state from a sociological perspective, treating translation as a process and a product. The opening chapters outline the factors involved in the initiation and cessation of translational activity in the Abbasid period before dealing in individual chapters with important events in the Translation Movement, such as the translation of Aristotle’s Poetics into Arabic, Abdullah ibn al-Muqaffa’s seminal translation of the Indian/Persian Kalilah wa Dimna into Arabic and the translation of scientific texts. Other chapters address the question of whether the Abbasids had a theory of translation and why, despite three hundred years of translation, not a single poem was translated into Arabic. The final chapter deals with the influence of translation during this period on the Arabic language. Offering new readings of many issues that are associated with that period, informed by modern theories of translation, this is key reading for scholars and researchers in Translation Studies, Oriental and Arab Studies, Book History and Cultural History.
Often described as Iraqs elder statesman, Dr Adnan Pachachi has enjoyed one of the longest and most distinguished political careers of modern times, both domestically and on the world stage. In a life spanning nine decades, he has served his country as Ambassador to the United Nations and as Foreign Minister, and has worked tirelessly to establish a secular and anti-sectarian political culture in Iraq. At the UN, where he was an eloquent advocate of the Palestinian cause, he was much admired for his mastery of procedure and his formidable debating skills. In 1969, a few months after the Baathist government took power in Baghdad, he resigned from the Iraqi foreign service while at the United Nations in New York. He would not see his country again for thirty-four years. At the invitation of Sheikh Zayed, he took up residence in Abu Dhabi where, until 1993, he played a central role in establishing the United Arab Emirates as a newly independent state. In 1991 he re-engaged with Iraqi politics when he became involved with the expatriate opposition. In 2003, at the age of eighty, he made the courageous decision to return to Iraq in the aftermath of the US invasion and the fall of Saddam Hussein. He became a member of the Governing Council, its President in January 2004, a member of the Interim National Council in 200405, and a member of the Iraqi Parliament from 2006 to 2010. In this honest and affecting memoir, in which he combines the political with the personal, Dr Pachachi charts the course of his lifelong dedication to democratic, pluralist, tolerant and civilized values.
Patchwork States argues that the subnational politics of conflict and competition in South Asian countries have roots in the history of uneven state formation under colonial rule. Colonial India contained a complex landscape of different governance arrangements and state-society relations. After independence, postcolonial governments revised colonial governance institutions, but only with partial success. The book argues that contemporary India and Pakistan can be usefully understood as patchwork states, with enduring differences in state capacity and state-society relations within their national territories. The complex nature of territorial governance in these countries shapes patterns of political violence, including riots and rebellions, as well as variations in electoral competition and development across the political geography of the Indian subcontinent. By bridging past and present, this book can transform our understanding of both the legacies of colonial rule and the historical roots of violent politics, in South Asia and beyond.
How do we understand the nature and diversity of populist politics, in developed and developing countries? Righteous Demagogues provides a novel approach grounded in democratic theory, inequality, and party competition. It argues that populists are successful when they evoke the moral contract--that states are obligated to redress certain types of inequality--and promise its restoration, in ways that resonate across the normal lines of social division and partisanship. These changes in political competition can spur confrontations with the opposition and state institutions, leading to populist rejection or authoritarian governance.
This book delves into the critical realm of trust management within the Internet of Vehicles (IOV) networks, exploring its multifaceted implications on safety and security which forms part of the intelligent transportation system domain. IoV emerges as a powerful convergence, seamlessly amalgamating the Internet of Things (IoT) and the intelligent transportation systems (ITS). This is crucial not only for safety-critical applications but is also an indispensable resource for non-safety applications and efficient traffic flows. While this paradigm holds numerous advantages, the existence of malicious entities and the potential spread of harmful information within the network not only impairs its performance but also presents a danger to both passengers and pedestrians. Exploring the complexities arising from dynamicity and malicious actors, this book focuses primarily on modern trust management models designed to pinpoint and eradicate threats. This includes tackling the challenges regarding the quantification of trust attributes, corresponding weights of these attributes, and misbehavior detection threshold definition within the dynamic and distributed IoV environment. This will serve as an essential guide for industry professionals and researchers working in the areas of automotive systems and transportation networks. Additionally, it will also be useful as a supplementary text for students enrolled in courses covering cybersecurity, communication networks, and human factors in transportation. Sarah Ali Siddiqui is a CSIRO Early Research Career (CERC) Fellow in the Cyber Security Automation and Orchestration Team, Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia. Adnan Mahmood is a Lecturer in Computing – IoT and Networking at the School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Quan Z. (Michael) Sheng is a Distinguished Professor and Head of the School of Computing, at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Hajime Suzuki is a Principal Research Scientist at the Cybersecurity & Quantum Systems Group, Software and Computational Systems Research Program, Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia. Wei Ni is a Principal Scientist at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, a Technical Expert at Standards Australia, a Conjoint Pro-fessor at the University of New South Wales, an Adjunct Professor at the University of Technology Sydney, and an Honorary Professor at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Arab Spring sparked to bring down dictatorships, but soon succumbed to old blood and political wrongs. The most venomous being wrongs of the Iraq War, which opened a tin of worms of old blood on a fragile world order. Again, desperate or fainthearted players quickly doctored it to test big players' resolve in committing to justice. Veering right wing reactionaries in racism and nationalism deepened disintegration and divide in universal human relations in a borderless globe, with remnants of precipitates from the past. This brought afloat old blood and its bitterness, blown in religious violence and terrorism. The book examines a live example of militarism, spawning terrorism through inflaming religious sentiments and ethnic residual tensions via faint-hearted democracies. Sudan served as a microscopic slide to examine, by virtue of its plague of militarism armed conflicts, lucrative riches, projected disharmony and dark slavery history, helpful for how past follies must be heeded
Bioinformatics allows researchers to answer biological questions with advanced computational methods which involves the application of statistics and mathematical modeling. Structural bioinformatics enables the prediction and analysis of 3D structures of macromolecules while Computer Aided Drug Designing (CADD) assists scientists to design effective active molecules against diseases. However, the concepts in structural bioinformatics and CADD can be complex to understand for students and educated laymen. This quick guideline is intended as a basic manual for beginner students and instructors involved in bioinformatics and computational chemistry courses. Readers will learn the basics of structural bioinformatics, primary and secondary analysis and prediction, structural visualization, structural analysis and molecular docking. Therefore, the book is a useful handbook for aspiring scholars who wish to learn the basic concepts in computational analysis of biomolecules.
How does a state continue functioning and ensuring public service delivery even during times of political crisis? Sabotage: Lessons in Bureaucratic Governance from Pakistan, Taiwan, and Turkey argues the answer is that a high-quality bureaucracy operating with institutional autonomy. Using primary data collected through extensive fieldwork in Pakistan, Turkey, and Taiwan, it explains how bureaucracy is the lynchpin that can save or sabotage a state. A high-quality bureaucracy based on Weberian ideals alone is not enough, it needs institutional autonomy to operate an optimal level. Using evidence from all three country cases, the book maps out scenarios of what happens when bureaucratic quality and institutional independence are altered. In the case of Taiwan, bureaucracy plays the role of a facilitator during democratization figuratively saving the state, while Turkey offers a scenario of democratic backsliding that is predicated on gutting bureaucratic competence . While the case of Pakistan theorizes that a bureaucracy as the guardian of a state can sabotage any reform or change in service of self-preservation. The book offers also offers useful insights about the process of democratization, such as a professionalized bureaucracy is the first step for democracy to take root, and that possible backsliding can be detected early on based on whether a government is purposely weakening the bureaucracy or hurting institutional autonomy through politicization. The book also proposes that reforms, specifically bureaucratic reforms need to be enacted for them to work.
This book represents the first systematic study of aspects of political communication in the Arabian Gulf region, one of the most important areas in the Middle East. It explores the relationship between the governments and the press, first through an examination of international and national political news coverage in the Gulf press, and second through an analysis of factors influencing selection of these news stories. The research examines one principal Arabic-language newspaper from each of the six Arabian Gulf countries: Al-Ayam (Bahrain), Al-Rai Al-Aam (Kuwait), Oman (Oman), Al-Sharq (Qatar), Al-Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), and Al-Bayan (UAE). The analysis shows a culturally specific pattern of media model, distinct from that in the West or other areas in the world. This pattern can be understood through three government-press models. First, the loyalist press model prevailing in Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, in which a high level of government influence is seen, and the press is supportive and in line of the government. Second, the diverse press model, which exists in Kuwait and is characterized by a press with relative freedom and diversity. Third, the transitional press model, which describes the condition in Bahrain manifested with a mixed system of governmental control and elements of press freedom. As this pattern still exists, this book is important for decision makers, politicians, media communicators, research centers, journalism schools, media investors and newspapers industry to understand the media industry in this strategic area in the world.
Build and deploy your AI models successfully by exploring model governance, fairness, bias, and potential pitfalls Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Key Features Learn ethical AI principles, frameworks, and governance Understand the concepts of fairness assessment and bias mitigation Introduce explainable AI and transparency in your machine learning models Book DescriptionResponsible AI in the Enterprise is a comprehensive guide to implementing ethical, transparent, and compliant AI systems in an organization. With a focus on understanding key concepts of machine learning models, this book equips you with techniques and algorithms to tackle complex issues such as bias, fairness, and model governance. Throughout the book, you’ll gain an understanding of FairLearn and InterpretML, along with Google What-If Tool, ML Fairness Gym, IBM AI 360 Fairness tool, and Aequitas. You’ll uncover various aspects of responsible AI, including model interpretability, monitoring and management of model drift, and compliance recommendations. You’ll gain practical insights into using AI governance tools to ensure fairness, bias mitigation, explainability, privacy compliance, and privacy in an enterprise setting. Additionally, you’ll explore interpretability toolkits and fairness measures offered by major cloud AI providers like IBM, Amazon, Google, and Microsoft, while discovering how to use FairLearn for fairness assessment and bias mitigation. You’ll also learn to build explainable models using global and local feature summary, local surrogate model, Shapley values, anchors, and counterfactual explanations. By the end of this book, you’ll be well-equipped with tools and techniques to create transparent and accountable machine learning models.What you will learn Understand explainable AI fundamentals, underlying methods, and techniques Explore model governance, including building explainable, auditable, and interpretable machine learning models Use partial dependence plot, global feature summary, individual condition expectation, and feature interaction Build explainable models with global and local feature summary, and influence functions in practice Design and build explainable machine learning pipelines with transparency Discover Microsoft FairLearn and marketplace for different open-source explainable AI tools and cloud platforms Who this book is for This book is for data scientists, machine learning engineers, AI practitioners, IT professionals, business stakeholders, and AI ethicists who are responsible for implementing AI models in their organizations.
With an infectious blend of humor, satire, and biting social commentary, Yassin Adnan gives readers a portrait of contemporary Morocco—and the city of Marrakech—told through the eyes of the hapless Rahhal Laâouina, a.k.a. the Squirrel. Painfully shy, not that bright, and not all that popular, Rahhal somehow imagines himself a hero. With a useless degree in ancient Arabic poetry, he finds his calling in the online world, where he discovers email, YouTube, Facebook, and the news site Hot Maroc. Enamored of the internet and the thrill of anonymity it allows, Rahhal opens the Atlas Cubs Cyber Café, where patrons mingle virtually with politicians, journalists, hackers, and trolls. However, Rahhal soon finds himself mired in the dark side of the online world—one of corruption, scandal, and deception. Longlisted for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction in 2017, Hot Maroc is a vital portrait of the challenges Moroccans, young and old, face today. Where press freedoms are tightly controlled by government authorities, where the police spy on, intimidate, and detain citizens with impunity, and where adherence to traditional cultural icons both anchors and stifles creative production, the online world provides an alternative for the young and voiceless. In this revolutionary novel that recalls Junot Díaz’s The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao and Dave Eggers’s The Circle, Adnan fixes his lens on young Rahhal and his contemporaries as they navigate the perilous and changing landscape of the real and virtual worlds they inhabit.
This book explains why the opposition party, Democratic Action Party (DAP), won several seats in the urban areas and why the Parti Islam SeMalaysia (PAS) failed dismally in the Malaysian general election of 1986. It also discusses the performance of the various political parties in the election, the issues influencing the electorate, the significance of the revision of the electoral boundaries, and the influence of the mass media.
CURVES ON PAPER Sensual English Poems "A perfect gift to your most special loved one. A book that ignites passion and brings the most subtle and the most intense human emotions in one place. A must read for all poetry lovers and an apt gift to express your love to that one very special individual." Author: Dr. Adnan Khalid Illustrated by: Kashuf Fatima Sana Fatima Published by: Mavra Publishers Pages: 100
This is the first full-length book to provide an introduction to badhai performances throughout South Asia, examining their characteristics and relationships to differing contexts in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Badhai's repertoires of songs, dances, prayers, and comic repartee are performed by socially marginalised hijra, khwaja sira, and trans communities. They commemorate weddings, births and other celebratory heteronormative events. The form is improvisational and responds to particular contexts, but also moves across borders, including those of nation, religion, genre, and identity. This collaboratively authored book draws from anthropology, theatre and performance studies, music and sound studies, ethnomusicology, queer and transgender studies, and sustained ethnographic fieldwork to examine badhai's place-based dynamics, transcultural features, and communications across the hijrascape. This vital study explores the form's changing status and analyses these performances' layered, scalar, and sensorial practices, to extend ways of understanding hijra-khwaja sira-trans performance.
This research revolves around the transformations in the life and thought of radical Islamist Sayyid Qutb of Egypt (1906-1966), a prolific writer, a poet, an educator, a literary critic, and a highly controversial ideologue of contemporary Islamism who was executed by the late-President Nasser regime of Egypt on August 29, 1966. His posthumous impact on radical Islamists was profound on some leaders in Iran and Afghanistan and on al-Qaeda and its leaders, especially the late Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri and fellow global jihadist Abdallah Azzam and many others, including the late-blind cleric Sheikh Omar Abd al-Rahman who immigrated and died in the United States.
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