Achim Schmillen's Books

Migrating to Opportunity

Overcoming Barriers to Labor Mobility in Southeast Asia

By: Mauro Testaverde,Harry Moroz,Claire H. Hollweg,Achim Schmillen

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Migrating to Opportunity

Overcoming Barriers to Labor Mobility in Southeast Asia

By: Mauro Testaverde,Harry Moroz,Claire H. Hollweg,Achim Schmillen

The movement of people in Southeast Asia is an issue of increasing importance. Countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are now the origin of 8 percent of the world's migrants. These countries host only 4 percent of the world's migrants but intra-regional migration has turned Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand into regional migration hubs that are home to 6.5 million ASEAN migrants. However, significant international and domestic labor mobility costs limit the ability of workers to change firms, sectors, and geographies in ASEAN. This report takes an innovative approach to estimate the costs for workers to migrate internationally. Singapore and Malaysia have the lowest international labor mobility costs in ASEAN while workers migrating to Myanmar and Vietnam have the highest costs. Singapore and Malaysia's more developed migration systems are a key reason for their lower labor mobility costs. How easily workers can move to take advantage of new opportunities is important in determining how they fare under the increased economic integration planned for ASEAN. To study this question, the report simulates how worker welfare is affected by enhanced trade integration under different scenarios of labor mobility costs. Region-wide, worker welfare would be 14 percent higher if barriers to mobility were reduced for skilled workers, and an additional 29 percent if barriers to mobility were lowered for all workers. Weaknesses in migration systems increase international labor mobility costs, but policy reforms can help. Destination countries should work toward systems that are responsive to economic needs and consistent with domestic policies. Sending countries should balance protections for migrant workers with the needs of economic development.

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Page Count

405

Publisher

World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

1464811083

ISBN 13

9781464811081

Migrating to Opportunity

Overcoming Barriers to Labor Mobility in Southeast Asia

By: Mauro Testaverde,Harry Moroz,Claire H. Hollweg,Achim Schmillen

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Migrating to Opportunity

Overcoming Barriers to Labor Mobility in Southeast Asia

By: Mauro Testaverde,Harry Moroz,Claire H. Hollweg,Achim Schmillen

Average ratings

N/A

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Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

405

Publisher

World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

1464811083

ISBN 13

9781464811081

Incentives for Education in South Asia

Findings from a Decade of Impact Evaluations

By: Robert S. Chase,Achim Daniel Schmillen,Salman Asim,Amit Dar

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Incentives for Education in South Asia

Findings from a Decade of Impact Evaluations

By: Robert S. Chase,Achim Daniel Schmillen,Salman Asim,Amit Dar

The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in access to schooling across the South Asia region, with the coverage of primary education becoming almost universal and that of secondary education increasing steadily. But the quality of education remains a concern and the key challenge policy makers face today is making progress towards improving learning outcomes. The traditional way to address this challenge was to mobilize more budget resources, train teachers, improve curricula and distribute textbooks, among others. But input-based approaches have been questioned in recent years. Resources alone may not hold the answer if they are not put to good use. Frequent absenteeism by teachers suggests that their incentives are not aligned with those of policy makers. School principals lack the necessary autonomy to run their schools. Families may not fully grasp the importance education has for their children's future, or may lack the resources to send them to private schools. And communities may not be empowered to demand that local schools deliver as promised. Over the last decade, new approaches inspired by agency theories and behavioral sciences have built on these insights to experiment on the ground. The incentives faced by teachers, principals, families and communities have been tilted using bonuses, discretionary budget allocations, cash transfers, vouchers and local election rules, and the consequences have been assessed. Evaluations have focused on a range of outcomes, including daily attendance, education costs, school choice and learning outcomes. Nowhere has this drive towards rigorous impact evaluation been stronger than in South Asia. By now, dozens of experiments involving well-defined treatment and control groups allow to pause and take stock. This study summarizes the rich evidence accumulated by the region over the last decade, conducting a rigorous meta-analysis to identify possible design and publication biases, and relating the findings to the broader literature on education issues in South Asia. The conclusions generally give credence to the new approaches, but they also reveal the limits of the experiments tried so far.

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Page Count

184

Publisher

World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

146480365X

ISBN 13

9781464803659

Book's by Achim Schmillen

Migrating to Opportunity

Migrating to Opportunity

Migrating to Opportunity

Migrating to Opportunity

Incentives for Education in South Asia

Incentives for Education in South Asia

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