High response rates have traditionally been considered as one of the main indicators of survey quality. Obtaining high response rates is sometimes difficult and expensive, but clearly plays a beneficial role in terms of improving data quality. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that simply boosting response to achieve a higher response rate will not in itself eradicate nonresponse bias. In this book the authors argue that high response rates should not be seen as a goal in themselves, but rather as part of an overall survey quality strategy based on random probability sampling and aimed at minimising nonresponse bias. Key features of Improving Survey Response: A detailed coverage of nonresponse issues, including a unique examination of cross-national survey nonresponse processes and outcomes. A discussion of the potential causes of nonresponse and practical strategies to combat it. A detailed examination of the impact of nonresponse and of techniques for adjusting for it once it has occurred. Examples of best practices and experiments drawn from 25 European countries. Supplemented by the European Social Survey (ESS) websites, containing materials for the measurement and analysis of nonresponse based on detailed country-level response process datasets. The book is designed to help survey researchers and those commissioning surveys by explaining how to prioritise the reduction of nonresponse bias rather than focusing on increasing the overall response rate. It shows substantive researchers how nonresponse can impact on substantive outcomes.
This anthology is devoted to the curious side of Medical History. Carl Sagan said: ”You have to know the past to understand the present.” This collection of 80 short stories, written by experts in the field, inspires curiosity and provides a detailed look at the History of Medicine. It investigates many topics, including ancient Egyptian knowledge, the fundamental importance of toothache and how it birthed Anesthesia, and why and when women were allowed to run marathons. The authors report on the background of rubber gloves, the stethoscope and the intraocular lens. Historically important biographies are included, such as those of Arthur Conan Doyle, Napoleon Bonaparte and Claude Monet. The book is relevant for those interested in Medicine and its curious history.
This book provides current, comprehensive, and clear explanations of the physics behind medical and biomedical applications of shock waves. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is one of the greatest medical advances of our time, and its techniques and clinical devices are continuously evolving. Further research continues to improve the understanding of calculi fragmentation and tissue-damaging mechanisms. Shock waves are also used in orthopedics and traumatology. Possible applications in oncology, cardiology, dentistry, gene therapy, cell transfection, transformation of fungi and bacteria, as well as the inactivation of microorganisms are promising approaches for clinical treatment, industrial applications and research. Medical and Biomedical Applications of Shock Waves is useful as a guide for students, technicians and researchers working in universities and laboratories. Chemists, biologists, physicians and veterinarians, involved in research or clinical practice will find useful advice, but also engineers and physicists may benefit from the overview of current research endeavors and future directions. Furthermore, it may also serve to direct manufacturers towards the design of more efficient and safer clinical, industrial and laboratory equipment.
The analysis of experimental data is at heart of science from its beginnings. But it was the advent of digital computers that allowed the execution of highly non-linear and increasingly complex data analysis procedures - methods that were completely unfeasible before. Non-linear curve fitting, clustering and machine learning belong to these modern techniques which are a further step towards computational intelligence. The goal of this book is to provide an interactive and illustrative guide to these topics. It concentrates on the road from two dimensional curve fitting to multidimensional clustering and machine learning with neural networks or support vector machines. Along the way topics like mathematical optimization or evolutionary algorithms are touched. All concepts and ideas are outlined in a clear cut manner with graphically depicted plausibility arguments and a little elementary mathematics. The major topics are extensively outlined with exploratory examples and applications. The primary goal is to be as illustrative as possible without hiding problems and pitfalls but to address them. The character of an illustrative cookbook is complemented with specific sections that address more fundamental questions like the relation between machine learning and human intelligence. These sections may be skipped without affecting the main road but they will open up possibly interesting insights beyond the mere data massage. All topics are completely demonstrated with the aid of the commercial computing platform Mathematica and the Computational Intelligence Packages (CIP), a high-level function library developed with Mathematica's programming language on top of Mathematica's algorithms. CIP is open-source so the detailed code of every method is freely accessible. All examples and applications shown throughout the book may be used and customized by the reader without any restrictions. The target readerships are students of (computer) science and engineering as well as scientific practitioners in industry and academia who deserve an illustrative introduction to these topics. Readers with programming skills may easily port and customize the provided code.
This book presents a new methodological analysis of two competing research paradigms of artificial intelligence and cognitive science-the symbolic versus the connectionist paradigms. Providing an accessible introduction to the fundamentals of both paradigms, the book derives new objectives for future research that will help to integrate aspects of both areas to obtain more powerful AI techniques and to promote a deeper understanding of cognition.
Describes developments in healthcare systems over nearly four decades. Combining cross-sectional studies on healthcare financing, provision and policy values with in-depth country studies of Britain, Germany and the USA, this volume is a thorough examination of the convergence toward hybrid forms of healthcare systems.
Does the democratic nation state remain a legitimate regime form in the current age of globalization? This book uses a novel, analytical approach to probe this topical question, drawing on a comparative study of legitimation discourses in the media of four Western democracies (Switzerland, Germany, Britain, and the United States.)
This textbook gives an introduction to fluid dynamics based on flows for which analytical solutions exist, like individual vortices, vortex streets, vortex sheets, accretions disks, wakes, jets, cavities, shallow water waves, bores, tides, linear and non-linear free-surface waves, capillary waves, internal gravity waves and shocks. Advanced mathematical techniques ("calculus") are introduced and applied to obtain these solutions, mostly from complex function theory (Schwarz-Christoffel theorem and Wiener-Hopf technique), exterior calculus, singularity theory, asymptotic analysis, the theory of linear and nonlinear integral equations and the theory of characteristics. Many of the derivations, so far contained only in research journals, are made available here to a wider public.
Forest ecosystems are characterized by a steady change in their structure of function. Natural developments are more and more radically disturbed by human impact - air pollution leads to soil acidification, change in nutrient budget and to a decreasing vitality of the trees. Forest management can prevent natural succession and often leads to less stable forests. In this book, selected results of 10 years of interdisciplinary ecosystem research are presented. Not only growth and physiological reactions on environmental stress, but also natural succession processes are described and analysed. Besides the description of forest development processes, based on long-term experiments and observation, conclusions for practical forest management are given.
Manage managers based on competencies and informal networks – Set task-based output goals for professional specialists – Control temporary workers at the agency level – Ensure that contractors are managed effectively as part of boundary-crossing networks. This book provides a framework of analysis to capture and explain differences in employment systems. Taking account of the wealth of research in the field, it provides a sound basis for developing function-specific performance management systems, integrating aspects such as incentivization, multi-source appraisal, and accountability. From macro to micro approaches of HRM, the contents will be of value to researchers on employment systems, strategic HRM, and occupational psychology and to practitioners of HRM and organizational development. Achim Krausert has been a consultant in the performance management group of Accenture, U.K. He obtained his D.B.A. from the University of Mannheim, Germany, and an M.Sc. and a B.Sc. from the London School of Economics.
“Mosquitoes – Identification, Ecology and Control” presents a wealth of information on the bionomics, systematics, ecology, research techniques and control of both nuisance and disease vector mosquitoes. It provides practical guidance and important information in an easily readable style, suitable for anyone involved with, or interested in mosquitoes and their management. In this new edition, 102 European species including the most important invasive species and more than 100 globally important vector and nuisance species are described. Most of them, including all European species, are presented in the fully illustrated identification keys, followed by a detailed description of the morphology, biology, distribution and medical importance of each species, including over 700 detailed drawings. “Mosquitoes – Identification, Ecology and Control” includes: · systematics and biology · medical significance · research techniques · morphological characteristics used for identification of larvae and adults · illustrated identification keys for larval and adult mosquito genera · morphology, ecology, and distribution of the species identified in the keys · biological, genetic, physical and chemical control of mosquitoes “Mosquitoes – Identification, Ecology and Control” is a valuable tool for vector ecologists, medical entomologists, students and all those involved with mosquito systematics, biology, ecology, and control world-wide. Society as a whole benefit from the implementation of carefully designed and sustainable programs for the management of mosquitoes, and the diseases they transmit. The third edition of this successful publication has been comprehensively updated and expanded, to provide the foundation of a more enlightened and informed approach to mosquito management.
In this book, Achim Korber carefully examines the influence of environmental policy on trade policy. He explores environmental protectionism and models it using public choice theory. The author focuses on: a theoretical analysis of ecological protectionism and the potential misuse of environmental regulation as a tool to gain competitive advantage a comprehensive case study on the tuna-dolphin cases of the GATT/WTO. The study reveals that the US legislation was not - as it was widely perceived - a victory for the environmentalists but for the billion dollar industry of the US tuna canneries an in-depth literature survey on various approaches to protectionism including an analysis of lobbying models including the contest-success function. P>The Political Economy of Environmental Protectionism, with its wealth of new material, will be of great interest to environmental, political, and trade economists as well as policymakers and researchers.
Quick and easy to consult, the principal features of interest are described in the main Sights From A To Z section, with each entry cross-referenced to the large folded map that completes this handy map and guide pack. Detailed background information sets the scene: facts and figures about the people, religion, climate and economy, its culture and history, plus a round-up of associated famous people. Special features, colour photographs, superb colour maps and plans are found throughout the book and the well-organised Practical Information section ensures you can make the most of your stay.
Ist man Deutscher oder Däne? Unter den Bewohnern einer norddeutschen Kleinstadt entwickelt sich vor mehr als 150 Jahren sehr langsam eine bisher nicht gekannte Feindschaft. Sie macht Freunde und selbst Familienangehörige zu Gegnern, die sich eines Tages sogar in Kriegen gegenüberstehen. Diese Feinschaft wird geschürt durch die Jagd auf archäplogische Dokumente, die mit einem Segelschiff im Mahlsand vor der Küste verschollen sind. Dem Geheimnis dieser Papiere ist nicht nur die Bevölkerung der kleinen Stast auf der Spur, sondern es wird zu einer staatlichen Angelegenheit erklärt. All das wirkt sich aus bis nach Kopenhagen, London, Paris und Ägypten. Die Bewohner der Stadt geraten in kurzer Zeit in die Sphären europäischer Politikinteressen und werden letztlich zu Opfern höherer Politik, deren Ideologie sie zuvor selbst mit großer Überzeugung verbreitet hatten.
High response rates have traditionally been considered as one of the main indicators of survey quality. Obtaining high response rates is sometimes difficult and expensive, but clearly plays a beneficial role in terms of improving data quality. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that simply boosting response to achieve a higher response rate will not in itself eradicate nonresponse bias. In this book the authors argue that high response rates should not be seen as a goal in themselves, but rather as part of an overall survey quality strategy based on random probability sampling and aimed at minimising nonresponse bias. Key features of Improving Survey Response: A detailed coverage of nonresponse issues, including a unique examination of cross-national survey nonresponse processes and outcomes. A discussion of the potential causes of nonresponse and practical strategies to combat it. A detailed examination of the impact of nonresponse and of techniques for adjusting for it once it has occurred. Examples of best practices and experiments drawn from 25 European countries. Supplemented by the European Social Survey (ESS) websites, containing materials for the measurement and analysis of nonresponse based on detailed country-level response process datasets. The book is designed to help survey researchers and those commissioning surveys by explaining how to prioritise the reduction of nonresponse bias rather than focusing on increasing the overall response rate. It shows substantive researchers how nonresponse can impact on substantive outcomes.
Einzigartige archäologische Einblicke Der Band 9 präsentiert die Ergebnisse der Grabungsaktivitäten 2018 und 2019 des im Frühjahr 2018 wieder aufgenommenen Gadara Region Project. Die seit 2018 in Zirāʽa durchgeführten Grabungs- und Forschungssaisons sind der Siedlungsgeschichte der Eisenzeit II bis zur hellenistischen Zeit in Areal II gewidmet. Mit der Fortsetzung der Ausgrabungen sollte ein weiterer Einblick in die detaillierte chronologische Abfolge der Besiedlung von Zirāʽa zwischen der Eisenzeit II und der hellenistischen Periode gewonnen und insbesondere im nördlichen Bereich des Tall, in Areal II, das die größte Ansammlung von Bauschutt aufweist, weiterverfolgt werden. Der vorliegende Band "Die Ausgrabungssaison 2018 und 2019" stellt eine einzelne Monographie der Tall Zirāʽa Publication Series dar. Einzigartige Einblicke in die Lebenswelt einer lang vergangenen Zeit
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