An overlooked area in the burgeoning field of animal studies is explored: the way nonhuman animals in the early modern Spanish empire were valued companions, as well as economic resources. Montaigne was not alone in his appreciation of animal life.
Aviation sector contributes with 2% of the total CO2 emissions due to human activities. Moreover, predictions estimate that air traffic will duplicate in the next 20 years, with the corresponding increasing in CO2 emissions. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has established four strategies to reduce CO2 emissions; one strategy is the development of aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks, known as biojet fuel. In 2009 UOP Honeywell received a patent for its process to produce aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks. The process considers the transformation of vegetable oil through hydrogenating, deoxygenating, isomerizing and selective hydrocracking to generate propane and hydrocarbons fuels. The resulting aviation fuel is very similar to the fossil one, with the only difference that the first one does not contain aromatic compounds. Due to this, the ASTM standard established the use of biojet fuel in mixtures with fossil jet fuel with up to 50% of the bio-fuel. Also, it is important to remark that in this moment the process of UOP Honeywell is the only one certified for the production of aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks. In this work we propose a model for the production of biojet fuel, obtaining an estimation of the conversion of the reactions of the process of UOP Honeywell. Also, the optimization of the purification stage is performed using a multiobjective genetic algorithm with constraints, which is coupled to Aspen Plus process simulator, in order to generate results considering the complete models of the process. Results show a high conversion of the vegetable oil (castor oil) to biofuels (biojet fuel and green diesel); also, energy can be generated in the process as result of the conditioning of the stream that is fed to the distillation train.
Organometallic chemistry is an interdisciplinary science which continues to grow at a rapid pace. Although there is continued interest in synthetic and structural studies the last decade has seen a growing interest in the potential of organometallic chemistry to provide answers to problems in catalysis synthetic organic chemistry and also in the development of new materials. This Specialist Periodical Report aims to reflect these current interests reviewing progress in theoretical organometallic chemistry, main group chemistry, the lanthanides and all aspects of transition metal chemistry. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.
Over the past twenty years, DNA ancestry testing has morphed from a niche market into a booming international industry that encourages members of the public to answer difficult questions about their identity by looking to the genome. At a time of intensified interest in issues of race and racism, the burgeoning influence of corporations like AncestryDNA and 23andMe has sparked debates about the commodification of identity, the antiracist potential of genetic science, and the promises and pitfalls of using DNA as a source of "objective" knowledge about the past. This book&8239;engages these debates by looking at the ways genomic ancestry testing has been used in Brazil and the United States to address the histories and legacies of slavery, from personal genealogical projects to collective racial politics. Reckoning with the struggles of science versus capitalism, "race-blind" versus "race-positive" public policies, and identity fluidity versus embodied experiences of racism, Permanent Markers seeks to explain why societies that have broadly embraced the social construction of race continue to search for, and find, evidence that our bodies are indelibly marked by the past.
When the projected volumes of the Handbook are completed, most of our current knowledge of the biochemistry of nervous systems will have been touched upon. A number of the chapters will have dealt with the correlations of the biochemical findings with morphological and physio logical parameters as well. Considering the abysmal lack of such attempts, even in the recent past, this is a sign of great progress. If the reader's eventual goal is to derive the "laws" that relate various aspects of animal and human behavior to underlying physiological and biochemical function, these admirable volumes will help him to establish a firm biochemical base from which to operate. It is certain that the future approaches to the various problems of the information-processing functions of the nervous system will require an integrated understanding of the essence of all of the scientific disciplines which are grouped under the general name of neuro biology. The rich feast of information offered up in this Handbook will enable those in the non-chemical disciplines to pick and choose those areas of chemical information pertinent to their immediate interests. Similar types of compendia by physiologists, anatomists, cyberneticists, and psychologists have been helpful to chemists and continue to be so.
Even in the earliest "Wild West" subjects, the lens of settler colonialism reveals major tropes that will become characteristic of westerns in their depiction of "our country"'s expansion across the North American continent. Single and split-reel fiction films initially may not have captured the vistas of plains and mountains depicted in the large historical paintings and murals described in the Introduction. After all, up to 1904, those companies producing motion pictures for sale or rental chiefly were located in or around New York (Edison, AM&B), Philadelphia (Lubin), and Chicago (Selig Polyscope). Moreover, their cameras, especially the bulky Biograph camera (using 68mm filmstock until 1903), kept them from venturing beyond their spartan studios, except for shooting travel films. The stories and characters that had long circulated in popular dime novels, however, proved a welcome source of inspiration. One figure was particularly notable. Kit Carson (1809-1868) was known as a trail-blazing hunter, trapper, scout, and Indian fighter whose frontier adventures led him frequently across the plains and into the western mountains in the mid-19th century. He had guided John Charles Frémont on no fewer than three expeditions (1842, 1843, 1845) through the Rocky Mountains into California on the Oregon and Santa Fe trails. Together they mounted an uprising against Mexico and prepared the way for California to become a state. Later the frontiersman led several campaigns against the Apaches, Navajos, and Kiowas in what became New Mexico. Carson's legendary stature as an American pioneer came largely from dime novels such as Kit Carson, the Prince of the Gold Hunters (1849) and The Prairie Flower, or the Adventures of the Far West (1849) as well as his "memoir," The Life and Adventures of Kit Carson, the Nestor of the Rocky Mountains (1858). Scores of novels featuring his fictional exploits were published and republished through the turn of the century. Even in its book cover design, The Fighting Trapper, Kit Carson to the Rescue (1874), for instance, graphically depicts his skill at hand-to-hand combat. Perhaps it is no wonder that AM&B made him the hero of its early story films, Kit Carson and The Pioneers (both 1903), shot with a more standardized camera (using 35mm filmstock) in the Adirondack Mountains, "amid scenery of the wildest natural beauty and enacted with the greatest fidelity to the original.""--
Arising out of The Third International Symposium held in New Jersey, this book represents the state-of-the-art in ocean management. From the Baltic to the Caribbean, from the Adriatic to the Atlantic, the problems of ocean management are fully discussed, and proposals made to meet the challenges of the next decade. This book will be of immense inte
Chronicling and analyzing resistance to the threat that autocracy poses to American liberal democracy, this book provides the definitive account of both Trump’s efforts to erode democracy’s essential elements and opposition to those efforts. This book is about the threat of autocracy, which antedated Donald Trump and will persist after he leaves the stage. Autocrats blur or breach the separation of powers, use executive orders to bypass the legislature, pack the courts, replace career prosecutors with political appointees, abuse the pardon power, and claim immunity from the law. They seek to hobble opposition from civil society by curtailing speech and assembly, tolerating and even encouraging vigilante violence, and attacking the media. As this book demonstrates, Trump followed the autocrat’s playbook in many ways. He was a huckster of hate, aiming his vitriol at women and racial minorities and making attacks on immigrants the focus of his 2016 campaign, as well as his first years in office. Nevertheless, his rhetoric and policies encountered widespread opposition—from religious leaders, business executives, lawyers and bar associations, and civil servants. His executive orders (on which he relied) were almost all struck down by courts: including the first two “Muslim bans,” the detention of children and their separation from parents, the diversion of military funds to build the border wall, the insertion of a citizenship question in the census, and the limits on asylum. Just as Trump sought to weaponize the criminal justice system against his political opponents, so he manipulated it to defend his cronies, derailing some of their prosecutions. Trump also intervened in courts martial and criminal prosecutions of those convicted of war crimes in Afghanistan and Iraq and those accused of desertion and terrorism. Again, however, there was resistance, as some career prosecutors withdrew from cases or resigned when subjected to political pressure and federal courts convicted all of Trump’s allies—even though the president went on to use his unreviewable pardon power. This book, then, documents the abuses that are characteristic of autocracy and assesses the various forms of resistance to them. This definitive account and analysis of Trumpism in action, as well as the resistance to it, will appeal to scholars, students, and others with interests in politics, populism, and the rule of law and, more specifically, to those concerned with resisting the threat that autocracy poses to liberal democracy.
Open Access: Contextualizing the Archivolted Portals of Northern Spain and Western France within the Theology and Politics of Entry explores the history, development, and accrued connotations of a distinctive entry configuration comprised of a set of concentrically stepped archivolts surrounding a deliberate tympanum-free portal opening. These “archivolted” portals adorned many of the small, rural ecclesiastical structures dotting the countryside of western France and northern Spain in the twelfth century. Seeking to re-contextualize this configuration within monastic meditational practices, this book argues that the ornamented archivolts were likely composed following medieval prescriptions for the rhetorical ornamentation of poetry and employed the techniques of mnemonic recollection and imaginative visualization. Read in this light, it becomes clear that the architectural form underlying these semi-circular configurations served to open the possibilities for meaning by making the sculptural imagery physically and philosophically accessible to both the monastic community and the lay parishioner. Pointing to an Iberian heritage in which both light and space had long been manipulated in the conveyance of theological and political ideologies, Abel suggests that the portal’s architectural form grew out of a physical and social matrix characterized by pilgrimage, crusade, and processions, where the elements of motion integral to the Quadrivium sciences of Math, Geometry, Astronomy, and Music were enhanced by a proximity to and cultural interaction with the Islamic courts of Spain. It was, however, within the politics of the Peace of God movement, with its emphasis on relic processions that often encompassed all the parishes of the monastic domain, that the “archivolted” portal, with its elevated porch-like space, are shown to be the most effective.
Martí was a leading Cuban nationalist in the independence war of the 1890s that anticipated the Third World liberation struggles of the 20th century and played for the Cuban Revolution a similar role to that of Lenin in Russia. This title looks at his role in US-Latin American relations, his contribution to ideological debates and the influence of American and German thinking in his social criticism.
This book is a comprehensive guide to the fundamentals of corporate social responsibility and sustainability management in organizations. It describes the concepts and the process for developing a CSR strategy and its subsequent communication. The book develops the most relevant international initiatives and the theories that support strategic CSR decisions.
String phenomenology offers a bridge between the excitement and novelty that typified theoretical physics in recent years and experimental reality. The First International Conference on String Phenomenology concentrated on cosmological and phenomenologically oriented applications of string theory. The aim was to bring together experimental and theoretical physicists to discuss the triumphs and challenges that high energy physics faces in its attempt to uncover the next layers of fundamental matter and interactions. The main theme was the application of string theory, but the conference also accommodated alternative approaches to physics beyond the Standard Model. The conference featured plenary talks reviewing the major topics, as well as parallel sessions for contributed papers describing new results in the major areas of the conference. It covered diverse topics, from collider and neutrino physics to fibre bundles on CalabiOCoYau three folds. The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: . OCo Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings).
As new theories on the transmission of disease heightened concerns over public health and urban sanitation, physicians and professional engineers pressured the city to provide comprehensive sewage facilities. The locally oriented Common Council resisted the effort because it would entail the creation of administrative bodies that would have the authority to make city-wide decisions.
Recognition of the relationship between alcohol abuse and adverse prenatal outcomes is reflected in the warning labels on every alcoholic beverage sold in the United States. Because alcohol abuse has serious consequences for both individuals and society as a whole, much research has been devoted to this problem. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome provides straightforward facts regarding the impact of alcohol consumption as it affects the development of the embryo and fetus. Surveying current research of fetal alcohol syndrome and its related problems, the book addresses the immediate effects on development at various stages. Long-term action of prenatal alcohol exposure later in life is also considered. A chapter devoted to assessing the behavior of children who were prenatally exposed to alcohol emphasizes the necessity of longitudinal studies of fetal alcohol syndrome. This important reference offers a thorough overview of a problem that cannot be ignored.
Ongoing debates about gay marriage, abortion, religious freedom, and many other issues remind us that a culture war is now being waged over what it means to be moral in America, calling into question biblical ideals that have shaped American society for hundreds of years. Some claim that the moral traditions of the past are oppressive and outdated while others believe they are the only hope to save a morally declining nation. It is in this context that the question motivating this book emerged: To what extent do Americans keep the Ten Commandments, sometimes called the Decalogue? How prevalent in America are adultery, dishonesty, theft, murder, coveting, and other behaviors prohibited in Judeo-Christian tradition? How much do Americans really focus on God, honor their parents, and keep the Sabbath Day holy? This book explores the historical context and meaning of each commandment in order to compare ancient understandings of right and wrong to those of modern America and then examines its compliance. Analysis of adherence to each of the Ten Commandments, using data collected from tens of thousands of Americans, paints an engaging picture of their commitment to the morals of the Decalogue. In contrast to most books exploring moral issues, this one does not tell readers what to think about the evidence. Rather, it encourages them to carefully consider the information and come to their own conclusions about the moral virtue or depravity of US society. Readers may use the evidence found in this book to satisfy curiosity, settle bets, shape public policy, create sermons, stimulate conversation, or, even better, to understand human nature. They will come away equipped with knowledge that will encourage self-reflection and increased understanding of twenty-first century American morality.
That chemicals (although not always called by this name) affect the brain and its functions, such as behavior, has been known for thousands of years. It is therefore surprising that the concept that chemical mechanisms are at least partially responsible for the complex functions of the brain is so recent. Investigation of the closely interlinked biophysical and biochemical proper ties of the nervous system has achieved many notable successes in recent years and is the most exciting development in 20th-century science. Although all the morphology, the activity, and the alteration of the brain, whether bioelectric, biochemical, pathological, or structural, constitute an organic and indivisible whole, the ambition of the Handbook is to look at only a few aspects of this whole and to focus the discussions on the experi ments that the neurochemists have performed. Neurochemical study of the nervous system has, perhaps of necessity, gone through several phases: the first phase was more analytical and in volved study of the composition of the tissue; the second, more recent phase clarified many of the metabolic sequences that occur in this tissue. Clearly, both were essential, but they showed that additional approaches are neces sary. The present phase seems to be the study of control processes; present interest focuses on what determines, in a qualitative and quantitative fashion, the processes occurring in the nervous system. Perhaps the next phase will be the study of function, the study of the final stage of integration.
Mental health practitioners must be prepared to treat addiction-related issuesóaffecting up to 50% of mental health clientsówhether or not clients present with addiction as a primary concern. This practical roadmap to the treatment of addictions advocates an underutilizedóyet highly effectiveómethod of intervention: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. It is the first book to integrate the Stages of Change Model with EMDRís phases for successful treatment outcome. The book addresses the scope of problems relating to addiction, including relevant statistics and descriptions of substance and process addictions, and considers the connection between addiction and trauma. While focusing on the use of EMDR therapy in treating addictions, the book also considers traditional models for each stage of treatment so interventions can be individualized according to the needs of each client. The authors describe in detail the Transtheoretical Model, tracing its development and theoretical foundations. They discuss each of its stages in depth, presenting and integrating EMDR interventions used by therapists in each stage. The interventions are useful for helping clients at any motivational level. Case vignettes in each chapter illustrate how EMDR techniques are used, and several detailed cases are provided at the end of the book. The appendix features additional resources and EMDR protocols. The text will be useful for therapists currently using EMDR for addiction treatment as well as those using other modalities who are seeking an effective alternative. Key Features: Provides a practical roadmap to using the Stages of Change Model and EMDR therapy for effectively treating addictions Addresses substance and process addictions in depth Focuses on the traumañaddiction connection and treatment options Describes each Stage of Change and EMDR protocols and interventions for each stage Includes case vignettes and detailed case examples
The creator of The Fat-Burning Man Show shares his revolutionary Paleo-inspired weight-loss program Every month, half a million visitors download The Fat-Burning Man Show, eager to learn the secret of Abel James’s incredible weight-loss success. Growing up on a defunct farm in the backwoods of New Hampshire, Abel had easy access to a host of natural foods that a backyard garden could provide: eggs, fresh produce, and real butter. But as he got older, he started eating a "modern diet" of processed foods, and by his early twenties, Abel found himself with high blood pressure, insomnia, acne, digestive problems, and love handles. Following the typical dieting advice of “eat less, exercise more,” and despite running thirty miles a week and nibbling tasteless, low-fat, low-calorie food, his health only worsened as his waistline expanded. In an effort to gain control of his health, Abel dug deep into nutrition research and discovered that everything he’d been told about low-calorie eating was wrong. He realized that our bodies are wired to eat luxuriously—and burn fat—as long as we’re eating real, natural foods that are grown on a farm and not in a factory. Incredibly, after just a few days of eating a Paleo-inspired diet of the most delicious "wild" foods that were rich in fat and fiber, Abel’s health problems began to disappear. And after forty days—and radically cutting back his exercise routine—he had lost twenty pounds. The Wild Diet is the book Abel’s hundreds of thousands of fans have been clamoring for. At a time when our collective health is failing, Abel sounds a clarion call to announce that good health doesn’t live in a pill, exercise program, or soul-crushing diet. The secret is simply getting back to our wild roots and eating the way we have for centuries.
This volume is concerned with the enzymes of the nervous system. Cerebral enzymes form the basis of the functional brain. They are needed for the control of the energetics of the nervous system, whether it be their release or their direction; for the elaboration of transmitters and for their destruction; for the synthesis, transport, and breakdown of all metabolites of the nervous system. They are indispensable for the control of the multitude of factors that govern our thinking and our behavior. They make it possible for us to comprehend what is taking place around us and perhaps to understand what may be in store for us. Enzymes are the stuff of life, and no living cell can be without them. They are the results of many millions of years of evolution, from the time when biological membranes first came into being and were folded to produce the first cells within which the earliest enzymes were wrought. Countless changes have taken place within them, so that, now, only those enzymes exist that play specific roles in the functions of the living cells of today. Those in the nervous system possess a mUltiple role: in the creation, maintenance, and ultimate breakdown of the component cells and in enabling consciousness, perception, memory, and thought to become possible. But though life may go on forever, the enzymes that make life possible will undergo the many changes involved in the evolutionary process.
It seems to most people who are inundated with news from the press, television or the internet that the problems in their own country or in the world are getting bigger and bigger and that politics and politicians are getting worse and worse. Politicians are unable to solve the problems at hand, or can only do so poorly. They lack a focus on the common good of all citizens, and their actions frequently constitute the root cause of the issue. Almost everyone is aware that only “bad” news sells well, but they are usually unable to free themselves from this misjudgment. Maybe this book can help people overcome this trap of thought and point out ways to make positive changes in the future. Indeed, by analyzing the social development of Homo Sapiens since the acquisition of the ability to write, this work, aims to demonstrate ways in which our political culture can be improved through a more effective selection of politicians and, in so doing, avoiding potentially catastrophic misappointments.
Hydrologic science, an important, interdisciplinary science dealing with the occurrence, distribution, and properties of water on Earth, is key to understanding and resolving many contemporary, large-scale environmental issues. The Water Science and Technology Board used the opportunity of its 1997 Abel Wolman Distinguished Lecture to assess the vitality of the hydrologic sciences by the hydrologic community. The format included focus by lecturer Thomas Dunne on the intellectual vitality of the hydrologic sciences, followed by a symposium featuring several invited papers and discussions. Hydrologic Sciences is a compilation of the Wolman Lecture and the papers, preceded by a summarizing overview. The volume stresses a number of needs for furtherance of hydrologic science, including development of a coherent body of transferable theory and an intellectual center for the science, communication across multiple geo- and environmental science disciplines, appropriate measurements and observations, and provision of central guidance for the field.
Life, either as we think of it in the abstract in its highest sense, or life, as we think of it in terms of a compact living organism, is obviously the result of complex interaction of all of the components of the organism. One could therefore question the advisability of separating out the nervous system for a special detailed study in our age of overspecialization. The main purpose of the present Handbook is not to fragment further our approach or under standing of living phenomena, but, on the contrary, to try to summarize and integrate as much of the available information and thinking on the nervous system as is possible in a limited space. It is difficult to think of an area of modern biology that is more exciting to study and that has greater impor tance for mankind, from any point of view, than the study of the brain and of the nervous system. The influence that understanding of brain function in biological terms can exert on our future is not generally understood in its full impact. Although our ignorance about even the most basic mechanisms in the nervous system is enormous, in recent years our knowledge has made most important advances, and as a consequence great masses of data have been accumulated.
The presently accepted model of the circulation is based on the work of Dr. William Harvey in the 17th century. But what Dr. Harvey described was what we now call the Macrocirculation, this is, the heart, lungs, arteries, and veins. The technology at the time did not permit a study of the capillaries, the interstitial fluid, and the lymphatic system. How did oxygen and other molecules traveled from the capillary lumen to the parenchymal cells was not known. A lot of scientific knowledge has been acquired since Dr. Harvey's description. Dr. Marcello Malpighi, and Italian physician and biologist, visualized and discovered the capillaries also in the 17th Century. Claude Bernard, a French physiologist introduced the concept of the internal environment in the 19th Century, and physiologist Adolf Fick first reported a law governing mass transport through diffusive means in 1855. There was knowledge about the Lymphatic System for many years but only recently we have come to understand that it is a part of the microcirculation and the main avenue to drain cellular waste products from the cells to the circulation and out to the external environment. We can now clearly divide the circulation into a macrocirculation and a microcirculation. The former comprises the heart, lungs, arteries, and veins and has been described in detail in many volumes. The purpose of this book is to describe the microcirculation, composed of capillaries, venules, the interstitial space (the internal environment), and the lymphatic system. And to describe how important molecules travel from the capillary lumen, to the interstitial space, to the parenchymal cells, to the lymphatic system, and to the macrocirculation, to finally be expelled, in a modified form, into the external environment, which is the world we live in.
In this wide-ranging study of architecture and cultural evolution, the author argues that underlying the global environmental crisis is a general resistance to changing personal and social identities shaped by a technology-based culture and its energy-hungry products. The book traces the roots of that culture to the coevolution of Homo sapiens and technology, from the first use of tools as artificial extensions of the human body, to the motorised cities spreading around the world, whose uncontrolled effects are changing the planet itself. Advancing a new concept of the meme, called the ‘technical meme’, as the primary agent of cognitive extension and technical embodiment, the author proposes a theory of the ‘extended self’ encompassing material and spatial as well as psychological and social elements. Drawing upon research from philosophy, psychology and the neurosciences, the book presents a new approach to environmental and cultural studies that will appeal to a broad readership searching for insights into the crisis.
A full-colour compendium of TorontoÍs ñBrief Leafsî Over the past 100 years, close to 1,000 players have suited up for at least one game with the legendary Toronto Maple Leafs, and more than 250 did in the most turbulent era in club history, 1978_1999. In that time span, the Leafs made more than 300 trades, signed 20 free agents, and claimed eight players on waivers while almost 100 draft selections changed hands in addition to dozens of TorontoÍs own picks. Unlike NHLers elsewhere, the names of Toronto players arenÍt quickly forgotten by fans. A stint with the Leafs, no matter how short, carries a certain cachet; the names and sweater numbers, and the compelling stories behind them, live on as trivia talk for years. Featuring 256 players, Cup of Coffee tells those stories with full-colour action pictures shot by veteran Leafs photographer Graig Abel. Learn about these ñBrief Leafsî „ their backgrounds, statistics, and memorable tales „ as detailed by veteran Leafs journalist Lance Hornby.
It has been recognized for more than a thousand years that the function of the brain, like the function of the other organs of the body, is determined by its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Evidence that even its highest functions could be explained by these properties was gathered only in recent years, however; these findings, which clearly have to be confirmed by a great deal of further experimental evidence, indicate that most, if not all, of the functions of the brain are based on its bio chemical and biophysical mechanisms. This at first hearing may sound rather simple, but the ability to understand learning, emotion, perhaps even creativity, on biological terms may well be the most important scientific discovery of all time. Few pieces of knowledge can influence our future health and well-being to the degree that understanding of mental mechanisms will. It has been clearly shown in many ways in the previous volumes of this Handbook that from the biochemical or neurochemical point of view the brain is one of the most active organs. The brain seems stable and in some respects permanent; this is evidence not of inactivity but of carefully controlled homeostasis, of dynamic rather than static equilibrium, with most components undergoing metabolic alterations.
Myths from the ancient world usually have some supernatural element, a component often generated from a particular intoxicant. These substances promoted a variety of states including possession by the gods, liberation of the soul or a communion with the spirit world. From Acan, the Mayan god of intoxicating drinks, to Zagreus, the first incarnation of the Greek god Dionysus, this encyclopedia encompasses intoxicant-related stories from world mythology that explain the origins of a particular intoxicant or how that intoxicant was involved in creating a particular culture. Entries are arranged alphabetically without regard to category (e.g., gods, intoxicants, places, and rites). Different versions of a single myth are presented when pertinent to the overriding theme. Entries record the referenced story, the identity of the culture in which the myth originated, and when applicable, information about related plant sources and pharmacological effects. Cross-references are noted in bold and sources appear at the end of each entry. Appendices group entries by category and by place of origin.
Annotation. Organometallic chemistry is an interdisciplinary science which continues to grow at a rapid pace. Although there is continued interest in synthetic and structural studies the last decade has seen a growing interest in the potential of organometallic chemistry to provide answers to problems in catalysis synthetic organic chemistry and also in the development of new materials. This Specialist Periodical Report aims to reflect these current interests reviewing progress in theoretical organometallic chemistry, main group chemistry, the lanthanides and all aspects of transition metal chemistry. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.
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