This book examines the main issues and challenges that science journalism faces in the MENA region while analyzing how journalists in these countries cover science and engage with scientists. Most countries in the Middle East and North Africa region have set an ambitious goal for 2030: to transform their societies and become knowledge economies. This means modernizing institutions and encouraging people to embrace Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics as part of their daily lives. This books claims that the main vehicle to achieve this goal is science news reporting, as it continues to be the main platform to disseminate scientific knowledge to the general public. Simultaneously, it is also poorly equipped to achieve this task. Interviewing dozens of journalists, the authors looked at specific areas such as the gender divide and its effects on science news reporting as well as the role of religion and culture in shaping journalism as a political institution. The authors conclude that traditional normative assumptions as to why science reporting does not live up to expectations need to be reviewed in light of other more structural problems such as lack of skills and specialization in science communication in the region. In so doing, the book sets out to understand the past, present and future of science news in one of the most challenging regions in the world for journalists.
This book provides an overview on the latest advances in the synthesis, properties and applications of polymeric eco-composites and eco-nanocomposites reinforced natural fibers (e.g. pulp-fiber, flax, etc.) and nanofillers (e.g. organoclay, nano-SiC, etc.). Potential challenges and future directions of these composites are highlighted and addressed. This book offers numerous graphs and electron micrographs for easy understanding by students, researchers and practicing engineers.
This book, first published in 1977, discusses the Muslim contribution to mathematics during the golden age of Muslim learning from the seventh to the thirteenth century. It was during this period that Muslim culture exerted powerful economic, political and religious influence over a large part of the civilised world. The work of the Muslim scholars was by no means limited to religion, business and government. They researched and extended the theoretical and applied science of the Greeks and Romans of an earlier era in ways that preserved and strengthened man’s knowledge in these important fields. Although the main object of this book is to trace the history of the Muslim contribution to mathematics during the European Dark Ages, some effort is made to explain the progress of mathematical thought and its effects upon present day culture. Certain Muslim mathematicians are mentioned because of the important nature of their ideas in the evolution of mathematical thinking during this earlier era. Muslim mathematicians invented the present arithmetical decimal system and the fundamental operations connected with it – addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a power, and extracting the square root and the cubic root. They also introduced the ‘zero’ symbol to Western culture which simplified considerably the entire arithmetical system and its fundamental operations; it is no exaggeration if it is said that this specific invention marks the turning point in the development of mathematics into a science.
This accessible guide has been fully updated to take into account the Iraq War and subsequent developments, whilst retaining its character as a non-partisan and approachable text for students and interested readers alike. The twentieth century witnessed the transformation of the area known currently as Iraq from a backward region of the Ottoman Empire, to one of the most important and dynamic states in the Middle East. The rise of modern Iraq has its roots in the second half of the nineteenth century when Ottoman reforms led to gradual state modernization and increasing integration in the World Economy. British control after World War I was one of the determining factors in the establishment of the current borders of the country and the nature of its subsequent national identity. The other important factor was the highly heterogeneous nature of Iraqi society being divided along tribal, ethnic, religious, and sectarian lines. This book focuses on the interaction between the old and the new, or between continuity and change, as it is manifested in the nature of social development, nation-building, the state and the political opposition. An entirely new chapter focusing on the recent conflict has been added, and will contain sections on: The new chapter will have the following sections: The Question of American Intervention Invasion and the Fall of Saddam Looting & the Collapse of the Central State The Provisional Authority’s Reforms The Nature of the Resistance Iraq’s New Political Reality Elections and the Rise of Sectarian Parties Social-Economic Transformations The Challenge of the Future.
Pembentukan institusi kekeluargaan Islam bukan hanya dilihat kepada kewujudan hubungan sosial antara suami, isteri dan anak-anak, bahkan ia haruslah berpandukan hukum-hakam Islam sebagai teras pembentukan keluarga agar mawaddah, rahmah dan sakinah sentiasa memenuhi segenap ruang rumah tangga yang dibina. Buku ini mengupas mengenai hukum-hakam pembentukan institusi kekeluargaan Islam bermula daripada panduan memilih pasangan sehingga kepada perceraian dan hak penjagaan anak-anak. Perbincangan buku ini digarap berdasarkan mazhab Syafi'i sebagai pandangan utama dan diperkemaskan dengan rujukan terhadap Enakmen Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Pulau Pinang) 2004.
While most countries today adopt secularism, Islamic nations are still actively embracing religion. As nations forge ahead in the fields of science and technological innovation, some Islamic societies appear frozen in time. Will Muslims join the ranks of those preparing for the challenges of the 21st century or slip back into an age where they close the doors to reason, insist on archaic laws, and are intolerant of dissent? Muslims today seem to be in a dilemma. Historians are questioning the integrity of their history. Islamic scholars are concerned about contradictions within the Hadith Literature, the backbone of Islam, and pressing for a complete review. Then there are the Quranists who are urging Muslims to revert to the fundamentals of the Quran. In this book, the author describes his quest to find the answers about God and discovers the Quran. He examines the evolution of the religion of Islam, its history, beliefs, the causes of Islam’s Golden Age, and what the future holds for Muslims.
Debate on freedom of religion as a human right takes place not only in the Western world but also in Muslim communities throughout the world. For Muslims concerned for this freedom, one of the major difficulties is the 'punishment for apostasy' - death for those who desert Islam. This book argues that the law of apostasy and its punishment by death in Islamic law is untenable in the modern period. Apostasy conflicts with a variety of foundation texts of Islam and with the current ethos of human rights, in particular the freedom to choose one's religion. Demonstrating the early development of the law of apostasy as largely a religio-political tool, the authors show the diversity of opinion among early Muslims on the punishment, highlighting the substantial ambiguities about what constitutes apostasy, the problematic nature of some of the key textual evidence on which the punishment of apostasy is based, and the neglect of a vast amount of clear Qur'anic texts in favour of freedom of religion in the construction of the law of apostasy. Examining the significant challenges the punishment of apostasy faces in the modern period inside and outside Muslim communities - exploring in particular how apostasy and its punishment is dealt with in a multi-religious Muslim majority country, Malaysia, and the challenges and difficulties it faces there - the authors discuss arguments by prominent Muslims today for an absolute freedom of religion and for discarding the punishment of apostasy.
This book comprises of 13 chapters, documenting the scientific expedition of the Mantanani Island. This expedition was conducted by thirty scientists and researchers from Universiti Malaysia Sabah under the fellowship of the Small Islands Research Center (SIRC). The expedition was carried out from the 8th to the 10th of April 2016, yielded new knowledge and updated previous data on the socio-cultural aspects of the inhabitants, island geology, terrestrial and marine flora and fauna, economy and ecotourism. The layout of this book was designed to present the socio-cultural aspect of the inhabitants on the island in two preliminary chapters, followed by island geology; land use; coastline changes; diversity of trees; seaweed; invertebrates; snails; groundwater as well as economic and potential ecotourism prospects of the island in its final chapter. UMS, through its implementation arm, SIRC, is committed to ensure the success of preservation and conservation of the island’s resources for future generations. Therefore, this book aims to serve as a focal point for future scientific expedition to this island. As the environment changes around us due to anthropogenic activities, it is only prudent that we document these changes in order to better understand and mitigate future disasters.
Ketum merupakan ubat herba tradisional yang telah lama digunakan di Malaysia dan negara jiran, Thailand untuk merawat pelbagai penyakit. Namun, penyalahgunaan ketum untuk tujuan rekreasi semakin berleluasa di Malaysia dan semakin serius. Memandangkan ketum juga berpotensi untuk dijadikan ubat bagi perubatan moden, maka manfaatnya perlu dipertimbangkan sewajarnya di sebalik kemudaratan yang dibawa. Sehingga kini, karya yang membincangkan isu ini masih kekurangan bukan sahaja di Malaysia, tetapi juga di seluruh dunia.
Islamic Thought is a fresh and contemporary introduction to the philosophies and doctrines of Islam. Abdullah Saeed, a distinguished Muslim scholar, traces the development of religious knowledge in Islam, from the pre-modern to the modern period. The book focuses on Muslim thought, as well as the development, production and transmission of religious knowledge, and the trends, schools and movements that have contributed to the production of this knowledge. Key topics in Islamic culture are explored, including the development of the Islamic intellectual tradition, the two foundation texts, the Qur’an and Hadith, legal thought, theological thought, mystical thought, Islamic Art, philosophical thought, political thought, and renewal, reform and rethinking today. Through this rich and varied discussion, Saeed presents a fascinating depiction of how Islam was lived in the past and how its adherents practise it in the present. Islamic Thought is essential reading for students beginning the study of Islam but will also interest anyone seeking to learn more about one of the world’s great religions.
There is much more to the Qur'an than the selective quotations favoured by Islamic fundamentalists. This book provides a student-friendly guide to the many ways in which the Qur'an can be read. Designed for both Muslims and Western non-Muslim students, it examines the Qur'an in Western scholarship as well as giving an overview of the rich interpretive traditions from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the present day. This guide is a concise introduction to all aspects of the Qur'an: history, understanding and interpretation, providing:coverage of both pre-modern.
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