This book delves into the history of Afghanistan, its people, and its relationship with neighbors, to unravel the intricate politics and ethnolinguistic diversity of the country. It discusses the history of innumerable invasions which left imprints over the country and its people and created a complex fabric of different ethnic, linguistic, religious and cultural groups. The volume looks at the various empires which warred over the land including the Persian, Greek, Mongol, and Sassanid dynasties, as well as the later interferences by the British and the Russians and the emergence of the Taliban. It examines the correlations between war, power politics, religion, local governance, and the opium trade and economy in Afghanistan. The author through personal stories and anecdotes of his visits and journeys in Afghanistan provides a very rich and extensive view of Afghan politics, culture and history. The relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan and Afghanistan’s unique position in the politics of the region is also a thread which runs through the entire book. This book will a great resource (and of interest) to researchers and students of politics, history, Central and South Asian Studies, war and international relations, political economy, and peace and reconciliation studies. It will also interest journalists, diplomats and international development organizations.
I really applaud your efforts. It s really diffi cult to do a book like that. - WAZIR Thanks again for your immense work, my family and I are indeed extremely grateful. - AZLAN Your effort in writing about the early Muslim doctors is very commendable and would be good for present and future generations to read about. - TAHIR You are doing valuable work by fi lling in the gaps in our history. I wish more of our retirees would impart their memories to repositories of knowledge such as the USM. - TAWFIK
This book explains 'how to do' research on the early Malay doctors. a detailed account of the meaning of the word 'Malay' is given, in due recognition of the high status accorded to Malay Civilization in the Malay annals and Chinese chronicles. Forty-three early Malay doctors were traced over nine years in Malaya and Singapore. the techniques deployed to trace them are explained. the sources of their biographies are described, which include interviews, narratives, family accounts, newspapers, publications, and contacting their former institutions, friends and associations. Only a brief one-page biography for each doctor is included in this book. There are 30 appendices that contain tabulated information about these doctors, information about the early schools, medical institutions and hospitals at the time. This book is a resource guide on the early Malay doctors based on present research findings. More research efforts need to be channeled to find the remaining 12 early Malay doctors.
This book is dedicated to the loving memory of my brother, Babai, who went missing in action while serving in the Afghan National Army in 1990. We love you brother and we miss you.
Micronutrient research has been an important component of the soil fertility and plant nutrition program in Pakistan since the identification of zinc deficiency in rice in 1969. Since then, considerable progress has been made on diagnosis and management of micronutrient nutrition problems in crops. However, now there is growing R&D evidence that micronutrient malnutrition in humans could be addressed through enriching staple food grains with micronutrients. This book presents the latest R&D information on micronutrient problems in crop plants/cropping systems and their corrective measures. The current status, the constraints, and economic benefits of using micronutrient fertilizers for optimizing crop productivity and soil resource sustainability are discussed along with estimating future potential requirement of micronutrient fertilizers to optimize crop productivity, produce quality, and soil resource sustainability. Wide-scale preventable micronutrient deficiencies in human populations originate from micronutrient-deficient soils over which staple cereals and other food crops are grown. This book summarizes R&D information on fertilizer use-based micronutrient biofortification in staple food grains to address "hidden hunger" in human populations. The book also presents the best management practices by which micronutrient deficiencies could be corrected in crop plants in a farmer-friendly manner. Features Reviews the micronutrients R&D carried out in Pakistan over the past five decades Focuses on soil–plant analysis techniques for effective prognosis and diagnosis of micronutrient disorders Presents spatial variability maps of micronutrient deficiencies in agricultural soils and crops Provides value–cost ratios of using micronutrient fertilizers for major crops Works out current use level of micronutrient fertilizers and their potential future requirements in the country Discusses agronomic biofortification approach for enriching crop-based food with micronutrients to address "hidden hunger" Presents a compelling case for enhanced use of the deficient micronutrient fertilizers to optimize crop productivity, farmer income, and national economy Presents micronutrient fertilizer use recommendations for salient crops and discusses fertilizer use for micronutrients in the context of 4R nutrient stewardship Recommends future R&D needed for optimizing micronutrient nutrition of crops
This book is beneficial for the readers, especially for Medical historian, Researchers of natural medicinal drugs, Project on natural drugs and medical Scholars of all the system of Medicines. Second part of this book emphasized and written about the relevance of works done during Abbasid period and claims of Drugs used in diseases are confirmed scientifically by screening of pharmacological, antimicrobial and clinical studies.
Climate change, characterized by escalating environmental crises such as droughts, storms, and melting ice sheets, forces both humans and animals to seek sustainable livelihoods in a world constrained by finite habitation spaces. The surge in global population exacerbates inequalities, with women and girls disproportionately burdened by the ensuing suffering. Nadia Begum, a woman from Bangladesh, emerges as a voice from the climate-affected delta region, proposing solutions in the face of a looming environmental crisis. Nadia, having experienced climate ravages, embarks on a mission to recalibrate global warming levels, envisioning a world where humanity serves as stewards of nature. The daunting challenge lies in overcoming entrenched interests, from billionaires hoarding wealth to corporations exploiting resources. She perceives herself as a supernatural force, wrestling with the thin line between visionary conviction and a descent into madness as she endeavours to shield the Earth from disintegration. In this complex narrative, the imperative for viable solutions to the pressing climate crisis remains urgent and paramount.
This book presents successful case studies in Muslim and Muslim minority countries that have revolutionized the redevelopment of idle waqf properties into productive land trusts. The revival of this institution over the last two decades shows the growing optimism in galvanizing the socioeconomic role of waqf by adopting its flexible shariah measures. Innovative ways of financing redevelopment allow Muslims to extend these roles to include new beneficiaries. New uses for these properties include providing services to the community, opening jobs for the majority of people, funding small entrepreneurs, educating the masses, providing health care, and sheltering the poor and needy. Countries under study include Sudan, Turkey, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, New Zealand, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and Iran. Additionally, the book examines the International Development Bank's role in financing the development old waqf properties in different countries.
The Qur'an is read by millions of Muslims on a daily basis, yet there is no book available to the reader, Arab or non-Arab, which provides a linguistic and rhetorical insight into Qur'anic discourse. This book explains Qur'an translational problems and provides a thorough account of the unique syntactic, semantic, phonetic, prosodic, pragmatic, and rhetorical features of the Qur'an.
This book shows how jute waste is collected from industry and used as a cheaper source to extract and use cellulose. Novel environment-friendly methods are explored for surface modification of natural fibers. The advantages of using biocomposites are listed and the author shows how they can be used effectively as secondary structural parts.
Abdul Zaeef describes growing up in poverty in rural Kandahar province, which he fled for Pakistan after the Russian invasion of 1979. Zaeef joined the jihad in 1983, was seriously wounded in several encounters and met many leading figures of the resistance, including the current Taliban head, Mullah Mohammad Omar. Disgusted by the lawlessness that ensued after the Soviet withdrawal, Zaeef was one among the former mujahidin who were closely involved in the emergence of the Taliban, in 1994. He then details his Taliban career, including negotiations with Ahmed Shah Massoud and role as ambassador to Pakistan during 9/11. In early 2002 Zaeef was handed over to American forces in Islamabad and spent four and a half years in prison in Bagram and Guantanamo before being released without charge. My Life with the Taliban offers insights into the Pashtun village communities that are the Taliban's bedrock and helps to explain what drives men like Zaeef to take up arms against the foreigners who are foolish enough to invade his homeland.
This is the autobiography of Abdul Salam Zaeef, a senior former member of the Taliban. His memoirs, translated from Pashto, are more than just a personal account of his extraordinary life. My Life with the Taliban offers a counter-narrative to the standard accounts of Afghanistan since 1979. Zaeef describes growing up in rural poverty in Kandahar province. Both of his parents died at an early age, and the Russian invasion of 1979 forced him to flee to Pakistan. He started fighting the jihad in 1983, during which time he was associated with many major figures in the anti-Soviet resistance, including the current Taliban head Mullah Mohammad Omar. After the war Zaeef returned to a quiet life in a small village in Kandahar, but chaos soon overwhelmed Afghanistan as factional fighting erupted after the Russians pulled out. Disgusted by the lawlessness that ensued, Zaeef was one among the former mujahidin who were closely involved in the discussions that led to the emergence of the Taliban, in 1994. Zaeef then details his Taliban career as civil servant and minister who negotiated with foreign oil companies as well as with Afghanistan's own resistance leader, Ahmed Shah Massoud. Zaeef was ambassador to Pakistan at the time of the 9/11 attacks, and his account discusses the strange "phoney war" period before the US-led intervention toppled the Taliban. In early 2002 Zaeef was handed over to American forces in Pakistan, notwithstanding his diplomatic status, and spent four and a half years in prison (including several years in Guantanamo) before being released without having been tried or charged with any offence. My Life with the Taliban offers a personal and privileged insight into the rural Pashtun village communities that are the Taliban's bedrock. It helps to explain what drives men like Zaeef to take up arms against the foreigners who are foolish enough to invade his homeland.
Due to failing health from old age, Genghis Khan did not live to fulfill his dreams of conquering the world. Those dreams however lived on in the hearts of his heirs, one of whom was Hulagu Khan. Like his grandfather, Hulagu Khan was a genius in military tactics and a brave Monggol horse warrior. When he took up command, the Monggols already had control of Central Asia with plans to head west. However, one thing stood in their way of expanding their Mongol Empire. It was the flourishing Abbasiyah Empire in West Asia. Hulagu Khan’s sharp military tactics, combined with corruption amongst the rulers of the Abbasiyah Empire, finally saw the fall Baghdad. Conquered, Baghdad was destroyed. Its land turned red, swimming in the the blood of the scientists and philosophers killed. Its waters ran black with ink from the libraries of books thrown into the Tigris river. It was the end of the Abbassid dynasty. Though victorious, the Mongol Empire’s own end was near. Soon after the conquest of Aleppo and Damascus, Hulagu Khan’s advance to expand his empire in Arabia was halted after his defeat to courageous Mamluk army in Ain Jalut.
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