U.S. research-doctorate programs in the social and behavioral sciences were assessed by a committee of the Conference Board of Associated Research Councils. Attention was focused on 639 research-doctorate programs in seven disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences: anthropology, economics, geography, history, political sciences, psychology, and sociology. The effectiveness of these programs in preparing students for research careers was assessed. Indices that might be relevant to program quality were examined, and information was provided to evaluators on the names of faculty members involved with each program to be rated and the number of research doctorates awarded in the last 5 years. After describing the background to the study and the research methodology, survey findings are presented for each discipline. In addition to extensive statistical findings and analyses, the following appendices are presented: the Survey of Earned Doctorates, the instrument used in the reputational survey, the ARL Library Index, data on faculty research support and research and development expenditures, data on publication records, and lists of planning committee members and participants of the Conference on the Assessment of Quality of Graduate Education Programs. (SW)
This book brings together in one volume selected important topics in craniofacial growth. Topics include: principles of skeletal growth; osteogenesis and its control; formation of the cranial base and craniofacial joints; prenatal development of the facial skeleton; growth of the mandible, nasomaxillary complex, orbit, cranial base, ear capsule, and cranial vault; bone remodeling; muscles; soft tissues; and blood vessels. Fundamentals of Craniofacial Growth contains detailed illustrations and extensive reference lists. Independently authored chapters provide comprehensive reviews encompassing both contemporary and historical perspectives. In addition to medicine and dentistry, contributors provide expertise from such diverse backgrounds as anatomy, biology, biomathematics, embryology, orthodontics, physical anthropology, and plastic and reconstructive surgery.
The quality of doctoral-level chemistry (N=145), computer science (N=58), geoscience (N=91), mathematics (N=115), physics (N=123), and statistics/biostatistics (N=64) programs at United States universities was assessed, using 16 measures. These measures focused on variables related to: program size; characteristics of graduates; reputational factors (scholarly quality of faculty, effectiveness of programs in educating research scholars/scientists, improvement in program quality during the last 5 years); university library size; research support; and publication records. Chapter I discusses prior attempts to assess quality in graduate education, development of the study plans, and the selection of disciplines and programs to be evaluated. Chapter II discusses the methodology used, focusing on each of the assessment measures. Chapters III to VIII present, respectively, findings from the analyses of the chemistry, computer science, geoscience, mathematics, physics, and statistics/biostatistics programs. Chapter IX includes a summary of results, correlations among measures, several additional analyses, and suggestions for future studies. Among the findings reported are those indicating that mathematics programs had, on the average, the largest number of faculty (N=33) in December 1980 followed closely by physics (N=28) and chemistry (N=23), and that 80 percent of computer science students had job commitments by graduation. (Survey instruments and supporting documentation are included in appendices.) (JN)
Though it is highly preventable, tooth decay is a common chronic disease both in the United States and worldwide. Evidence shows that decay and other oral diseases may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, individuals and many health care professionals remain unaware of the risk factors and preventive approaches for many oral diseases. They do not fully appreciate how oral health affects overall health and well-being. In Advancing Oral Health in America, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) highlights the vital role that the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) can play in improving oral health and oral health care in the United States. The IOM recommends that HHS design an oral health initiative which has clearly articulated goals, is coordinated effectively, adequately funded and has high-level accountability. In addition, the IOM stresses three key areas needed for successfully maintaining oral health as a priority issue: strong leadership, sustained interest, and the involvement of multiple stakeholders from both the public and private sectors. Advancing Oral Health in America provides practical recommendations that the Department of Health and Human Services can use to improve oral health care in America. The report will serve as a vital resource for federal health agencies, health care professionals, policy makers, researchers, and public and private health organizations.
Wilson singles out those whose lives illuminate the 19th century--Darwin, Marx, Gladstone, Kipling, and others--and explains through these signature lives how Victorian England started a revolution that still hasn't ended. of illustrations.
Breast cancer is probably the most frequent and fatal neoplasm in women of the western world, and it causes more fear, suffering and morbidity than any other disease in our times. It is also one of the most costly diseases not only in "lost earnings" but also in terms of physical and psychic energy spent and skills used for the many aspects of its care. Furthermore, the incidence of this tumor is slowly but steadily increasing while our means of treating it remain ineffec tive in distressingly many patients. Breast cancer thus represents an increasing threat to public health. The clinician responsible for the management of patients with this distressing disease has found himself, in recent years more than ever before, in a very awkward state of uncertainty. Many of his tradi tional views or practices have been questioned. The new concepts challenging his position are based on evidence at times so esoteric that, being often unable to comprehend it, he may subconsciously tend to distrust it. To his further dismay, clinicians and investigators of equal caliber and repute in this field disagree so widely and on so many important issues that he can no longer refer to an authoritative source for guidance; his horizons are therefore blurred and the stage is set for confusion. Much of what underlies the current controversy stems from our ignorance concerning the etiology of breast cancer and our inability to comprehend the many eccentricities of its clinical behavior.
This Atlas attempts to dispel some of the mystery surrounding stomatocysts, to facilitate the accurate identification of individual cyst morphotypes, and to encourage other workers to begin using these important indicators of environmental change. The terminology is outlined in detail. This is followed by detailed descriptions of cyst morphotypes, which continues from work completed in the first Atlas. Any available biogeographical and ecological information is also provided. We believe this Atlas will be useful to paleoecologists who wish to include stomatocysts in their studies. We also expect this book will be used by researchers working with living chrysophytes, and those interested in the morphology and ultrastructure of cyst morphotypes. Hopefully these descriptions will further accelerate the continued effort to link cyst morphotypes to the algae that produce them.
Current research suggests that biology, psychology, culture, and social standing all contribute to alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems in women, yet few books show how to account for these factors during evaluation and treatment. Especially in terms of vulnerable populations, acknowledging these influences proves crucial to effective assessment and help. Drawing on extensive empirical research, this volume provides the necessary concepts, tools, and techniques for culturally and socially inclusive practice with vulnerable female populations. After a brief history of substance abuse among women in the United States, along with an overview of previous epidemiological study, An-Pyng Sun systematically describes the characteristics and nature of AOD problems among pregnant women, teenage girls, older women, street-walking prostitutes, homeless women, and lesbians. Clearly and concisely, she presents the theories that explain women's AOD problems, along with their related risk factors, and recommends effective treatment guidelines and strategies that speak directly to the needs of individual clients. Vulnerable women are more likely to develop substance abuse problems than other women, and their consequences tend to be more severe. This volume organizes complex data into a practical framework so practitioners can successfully respond to this special population. It supplies a long-overdue, comprehensive, and comprehensible knowledge base for screening, assessment, and care.
Life is about walking every day circumspectly. The most important thing in life is having purpose and meaning for living because eternity does matter. Values, eternal values, are what gives us a reason to live and transcends our ability to develop relationships and cherish the time with friends and family. In war, historians focus on the destruction, tactics, and the atrocities inflicted on mankind and its impact on humanity; however, there is also a spiritual dimension of war that alters military members and their families for generations. Jesus Christ came to heal the brokenhearted, and many unsung heroes throughout history have served in ways that have never been documented in our history books without ever receiving the Medal of Honor or the accolades of the combat troops. Those are people that serve in the medical or chaplaincy who are there in the midst of suffering, crisis intervention, and grief. Many of the wounded warriors' injuries focused on physical evidence, but it is the unseen mental and emotional scars that can be the most devastating. Chaplains and chaplain assistants work as a team to care for the wounded and injured, helping them to overcome the hurt and pain and encourage them to go deeper in their respective faith. Our nation's military need to be encouraged and given guidance on the value of spiritual resiliency and afforded the opportunities and rights of the First Amendment in the free exercise of religion. What do you say to a grieving spouse or parent over the loss of a sacred fallen military member? What words do you choose to comfort a young marine who just lost both of his legs in the hospital? People in need of crisis intervention require guidance and care and in some instances the right referral to address their issues. Empathic listening, equanimity, ministry of presence, stabilizing influence in the midst of the storm with a servant-hearted attitude and grace-oriented style is the formula for any successful ministry team. The most valuable asset in my experience is our faith and knowledge of God's word that is able to give hope and comfort to those in need. As a spiritual caregiver, we need the eternal assurance provided in the scriptures to bring light and life in the darkest circumstances. Questions like why did God allow this? Is there life after death? And Pontus Pilates's question to Jesus, "What is truth?" The brevity of life, life is precious, and understanding eternity defines existence. That is why eternity matters. National Veterans crisis line: 800 273-8255.
This book covers a wide range of problems in elementary particle production physics OCo particle fluctuations and correlations, diffractive processes, soft and hard processes in quantum chromodynamics, heavy ion collisions, etc. Of the utmost importance are inclusion-theoretical papers devoted to the problems associated with high and even very high multiplicity particle production, making proposals for experiments at existing and forthcoming colliders of elementary particles.
The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
It is not news that each of us grows old. What is relatively new, however, is that the average age of the American population is increasing. More and better information is required to assess, plan for, and meet the needs of a graying population. The Aging Population in the Twenty-First Century examines social, economic, and demographic changes among the aged, as well as many health-related topics: health promotion and disease prevention; quality of life; health care system financing and use; and the quality of careâ€"especially long-term care. Recommendations for increasing and improving the data availableâ€"as well as for ensuring timely access to themâ€"are also included.
There seem to be two realms in our waking time: work and life. However, work is often juxtaposed against life, which is found in anything but work. Organizational work has become nothing more than the necessary evil, the means for a livelihood. Work has ubiquitously become the enemy of life. What culprit has dichotomized work and life? Public secrets! Empirically based, this book explores and testifies why the phenomenon of public secrets may have transformed our organizational life into a big lie to which we are all forced to subscribe--against private consciousness. Public secrets represent the communication phenomenon where public knowledge, though tacitly acknowledged and widely espoused, is never incorporated into organizational actions and daily routines. As a consequence, employees are not living their organizational life with their heads and hearts, but with our heels. "Employment with heels" is the biggest "un-economics" against time--it costs, wastes, and debilitates; it makes work the arch-enemy of life.
Unlike other economies, family businesses in China are greatly affected by the derived Confucian culture, excessive marketization, as well as the seemingly endless institutional supervision by a transitional Chinese government. China has a strong historical legacy, devoted to patriarchal values and strong family-centered traditions. This volume explores the social foundations and historical legacies of families, business families, and family businesses in China. It begins with an overview of a household, family, and clan in ancient China before an examination of the economic, social, and cultural functions that the family system served in Ancient China as well as the four unique features that distinguish the family system in ancient China from those in western societies. It later discusses the evolution of the family system and the rise of family business before the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Finally, it evaluates the family system before and after the “Open-up and Reform” in 1978. This interdisciplinary work, incorporating sociological, anthropological, and institutional contexts pertaining to China, offers researchers the first advanced perspective of the development of family firms in China.
This book explores the access to healthcare service during a global pandemic by rural ethnic women of Bangladesh. The authors consider different dimensions of accessibility such as- physical access, financial access, health behaviour and different socio-cultural factors of access, and attempts to explore the degree of access to healthcare of rural ethnic women from Santal tribe in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. This exploration is likely to be helpful for healthcare providing organizations, international donor agencies, policy makers, and future researchers of gender studies, social policy, development studies among other fields.
Low-dimensional magnetism physics involves the search for new magnetic compounds and improving their characteristics to meet the needs of innovative technologies. A comprehensive overview of key materials, their formulation data and characteristics are detailed by the author. Key selling features: Explores dominant mechanisms of magnetic interaction to determine the parameters of exchange interactions in new magnetic materials. Describes how magnetism and superconductivity not only compete, but also "help" each other. Details characteristics of key materials in the magnetic subsystem. Results of several internationally renowned research groups are included and cited. Suitable for a wide range of readers in physics, materials science, and chemistry interested in the problems of the structure of matter.
In the first comprehensive treatment of these technologically important materials, the authors provide theories linking the properties of semiconductor alloys to their constituent compounds. Topics include crystal structures, bonding, elastic properties, phase diagrams, band structures, transport, ab-initio theories, and semi-empirical theories. Each chapter includes extensive tables and figures as well as problem sets.
A Thorough Overview of the Next Generation in ComputingPoised to follow in the footsteps of the Internet, grid computing is on the verge of becoming more robust and accessible to the public in the near future. Focusing on this novel, yet already powerful, technology, Introduction to Grid Computing explores state-of-the-art grid projects, core grid
The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
Original, action-oriented humanist practices for interpreting and intervening in the city: a new methodology at the intersection of the humanities, design, and urban studies. Urban humanities is an emerging field at the intersection of the humanities, urban planning, and design. It offers a new approach not only for understanding cities in a global context but for intervening in them, interpreting their histories, engaging with them in the present, and speculating about their futures. This book introduces both the theory and practice of urban humanities, tracing the evolution of the concept, presenting methods and practices with a wide range of research applications, describing changes in teaching and curricula, and offering case studies of urban humanities practices in the field. Urban humanities views the city through a lens of spatial justice, and its inquiries are centered on the microsettings of everyday life. The book's case studies report on real-world projects in mega-cities in the Pacific Rim—Tokyo, Shanghai, Mexico City, and Los Angeles—with several projects described in detail, including playful spaces for children in car-oriented Mexico City, a commons in a Tokyo neighborhood, and a rolling story-telling box to promote “literary justice” in Los Angeles.
Leisure Services Management, Third Edition With HKPropel Access, outlines the essential knowledge and skills that successful managers must learn, and it assists students in building those competencies. The text prepares students for the Certified Park and Recreation Professional (CPRP) qualifying exam and for the challenges they’ll face in their future careers in commercial recreation, public agencies, and the nonprofit sector. Throughout the text, there are activities, projects, and examples to help students connect competencies to real-world situations. Leisure Services Management begins by presenting a firm foundation of competency-based management. Students will examine the scope of leisure management, management responsibilities, and how a manager can affect an agency and its customers. They will also explore specific management areas such as marketing, financial management, human resources, employee development, communication, and evaluation. For each chapter, the ancillaries offer experiential learning activities that simulate on-the-job situations. Each of these activities asks students to assume the role of a manager and address common management issues by completing a work assignment or project. These activities will facilitate student development and help students gain essential management competencies. Other learning aids include learning objectives, review questions, key terms, and a glossary to reinforce student learning. In addition to updated references that provide contemporary management perspectives, the third edition features the following: Expanded content on social media, planning, and international leisure A new chapter focusing on diversity, equity, and inclusion to broaden students’ perspectives From the Field sidebars, which offer readers a glimpse of what happens in the field, so they can better understand what they will be facing in the future Leisure Services Management has related online learning activities delivered via HKPropel. These activities include flash cards and undergraduate- and graduate-level case studies for each chapter. Chapter quizzes, which are automatically graded, may be assigned by instructors to test comprehension of critical concepts. Students can also access a list of competencies tested in the CPRP exam and a competency scorecard to track their development relative to professional standards. These online resources will help students build useful knowledge and apply the information. The competency-driven approach of Leisure Services Management, Third Edition, assists readers in gaining the knowledge and practicing the skills needed to begin a career in leisure management. Bolstered by the practical information in this text, new managers can contribute to the success of their organization as they enjoy the challenges and rewards of their career. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is not included with this ebook but may be purchased separately.
The purpose of this work is a unified and general treatment of activity in neural networks from a mathematical pOint of view. Possible applications of the theory presented are indica ted throughout the text. However, they are not explored in de tail for two reasons : first, the universal character of n- ral activity in nearly all animals requires some type of a general approach~ secondly, the mathematical perspicuity would suffer if too many experimental details and empirical peculiarities were interspersed among the mathematical investigation. A guide to many applications is supplied by the references concerning a variety of specific issues. Of course the theory does not aim at covering all individual problems. Moreover there are other approaches to neural network theory (see e.g. Poggio-Torre, 1978) based on the different lev els at which the nervous system may be viewed. The theory is a deterministic one reflecting the average be havior of neurons or neuron pools. In this respect the essay is written in the spirit of the work of Cowan, Feldman, and Wilson (see sect. 2.2). The networks are described by systems of nonlinear integral equations. Therefore the paper can also be read as a course in nonlinear system theory. The interpretation of the elements as neurons is not a necessary one. However, for vividness the mathematical results are often expressed in neurophysiological terms, such as excitation, inhibition, membrane potentials, and impulse frequencies. The nonlinearities are essential constituents of the theory.
Handbook of Magnesium-Organic Compounds, Volume III contains Russian indexes of end products of reactions, magnesium organic compounds, literature sources, and co-authors. This book will prove useful to Russian organic chemists and researchers.
Capture the best and brightest IT talent for your company. In the competitive IT hiring market, the best candidates are often snapped up by big companies before they even graduate, so what can you do to attract them to work for you? The new generation of IT graduates have their own values and each industry has specific recruitment techniques, and the savvy hiring manager needs to know about both in order to attract the very best graduates. In this practical guide, An Coppens gives hiring managers unique insights into the new generation of IT graduates and what helps them make their career decisions. Featuring examples of recruitment strategies that have worked for some of the great names in the IT industry such as Google and Microsoft, An translates their strategies into practical tips so you can implement them in your organisation’s recruitment process.
Chemical physics and physical chemistry are closely related fields of study. Together they are distinguished from other disciplines by the incredible range of problems addressed by their practitioners. An effective physical chemist or chemical physicist is a "jack-of-all-trades", able to apply the principles and techniques of the field to everything from high-tech materials to biology. Just as the fields of chemistry and physics have expanded, so have chemical physics subject areas, which include polymers, materials, surfaces/interfaces, and biological macromolecules, along with the traditional small molecule and condensed phase systems. This book gathers research from around the world presenting important new developments.
Chemical physics and physical chemistry are closely related fields of study. Together they are distinguished from other disciplines by the incredible range of problems addressed by their practitioners. An effective physical chemist or chemical physicist is a "jack-of-all-trades," able to apply the principles and techniques of the field to everything from high-tech materials to biology. Just as the fields of chemistry and physics have expanded, so have chemical physics subject areas, which include polymers, materials, surfaces/interfaces, and biological macromolecules, along with the traditional small molecule and condensed phase systems. This new book gathers research from around the world presenting important new developments.
“The Language of Design” articulates the theory that there is a language of design. Drawing upon insights from computational language processing, the language of design is modeled computationally through latent semantic analysis (LSA), lexical chain analysis (LCA), and sentiment analysis (SA). The statistical co-occurrence of semantics (LSA), semantic relations (LCA), and semantic modifiers (SA) in design text is used to illustrate how the reality producing effect of language is itself an enactment of design, allowing a new understanding of the connections between creative behaviors. The computation of the language of design makes it possible to make direct measurements of creative behaviors which are distributed across social spaces and mediated through language. The book demonstrates how machine understanding of design texts based on computation over the language of design yields practical applications for design management.
This volume contains the proceedings of a two-week NATO A.S.I. on Integrated Optics: Physics and Applications, held from August 17 to August 30, 1981 in Erice, Italy. This is the 8th annual Course of the "International School of Quantum Electronics" presented under the auspices of the "E. Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The subject was chosen in order to satisfy the demand for a course on integrated optics which is relevant to the expanding use of fiber optics for communication and signal processing. Integrated Optics, encompassing all of the optical waveguide circuits which are the optical analog of integrated circuits, is finding its way into a variety of applications involving communi cations, high speed signal-processing, and sensors of many kinds. However, because the technology is still changing very rapidly, the development of these exciting applications relies heavily upon the physics of the integrated optical circuits themselves and the pro cessing techniques used to fabricate them. This NATO A.S.I. provided not only a thorough tutorial treatment of the field, but also through panel discussions and additional lectures treated topics at the forefront of present work. Therefore the character of the Course was a blend of current research and tutorial reviews. "The Physics and Applications of Integrated Optics" could hardly be a more appropriate title to be chosen for this volume. Many of the worlds' acknowledged leaders in the field have been brought together to review and speculate on the accomplishments of integrated optics.
Chronic homelessness is a highly complex social problem of national importance. The problem has elicited a variety of societal and public policy responses over the years, concomitant with fluctuations in the economy and changes in the demographics of and attitudes toward poor and disenfranchised citizens. In recent decades, federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the philanthropic community have worked hard to develop and implement programs to solve the challenges of homelessness, and progress has been made. However, much more remains to be done. Importantly, the results of various efforts, and especially the efforts to reduce homelessness among veterans in recent years, have shown that the problem of homelessness can be successfully addressed. Although a number of programs have been developed to meet the needs of persons experiencing homelessness, this report focuses on one particular type of intervention: permanent supportive housing (PSH). Permanent Supportive Housing focuses on the impact of PSH on health care outcomes and its cost-effectiveness. The report also addresses policy and program barriers that affect the ability to bring the PSH and other housing models to scale to address housing and health care needs.
This book was written with an aim to become a guide for introverts to embrace oneself in today’s modern society where extroversion has dominated and indoctrinated; and to explore the path that finally leads to happiness. The author, who is often mistaken for an extrovert although being extremely introverted inside, made the most of his personal experience and intends to present a path to become a Skilled Introvert who is aptly trained in society. Once you embrace your own introversion, you can go on your own way without being wavered by external factors. In addition, traits such as ‘Expressing how you really think inside without any difficulty’, ‘Being good at self-promotion’, ‘Being good at saying No’ etc., that are often perceived to belong to extroverts or as innate weakness of introverts are in fact, skills that can be acquired. Therefore, I wish to convey a message that introverts do not need to force themselves to become extroverted, and instead, embracing one’s own introversion is critical. There is nothing wrong to be an introvert, and it takes different shape of efforts between an introvert and extrovert to lead to happiness. This book addresses various approaches to building the five components mentioned above. Furthermore, it introduces interpersonal skills that can be practically applied to human/social relations right away. The nine interpersonal skills it addresses including ‘The skill of conveying your thoughts’, ‘The skill of saying No’, ‘The skill of small talk’, ‘The skill of coping with rudeness’, ‘The skill of comforting’, ‘The skill of self-promotion’, ‘The skill of being a good presenter’, ’How to maintain attractive posture and attitude’, ‘How to recover from daily frustrations’ will help you become more mature in socializing. Author | Scott H. An Scott H. An studied Labor and Employment Relations at the Pennsylvania State University and has worked in the various fields including engineering & construction, global FMCG, and strategy consulting. Now, he pays his most attention to creating questions that lead people to deeper thoughts. Enjoying yoga and meditation as a part of his life, he leads “Writing that makes your mind stronger” class, which is his original meditative writing class, while pursuing his master’s degree in business at the Seoul National University.
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