This is the first monograph devoted to interfacial tensiometry and is therefore the definitive source of information on measuring surface tension. More than 40 methods for measuring surface tension both at the liquid-fluid and solid-fluid boundaries are described including methods using computational techniques, tele- and video-apparatus, and laser techniques. A central place in the book has been given to methods based on the investigation of properties of liquid and gaseous menisci both in the presence or absence of a gravitational field and a rotational one. Their description is preceded by a chapter on the theory of menisci including the derivation of various forms of the Laplace formula. The application of the methods for studying the equilibrium and dynamic surface tension has been considered. Dynamic methods used for very small surface life-times are described and a separate chapter is devoted to the theory of surface tension which will ensure a better understanding of the material. A systematic analysis of the material embracing all kinds of interfaces including solid surfaces, the history of each method, its theoretical foundation, characterization of measuring procedures and setups, a large number of numeric tables and plots and representative illustrations make the book encyclopedic in character.
This is the first book on physicochemical hydrodynamics that is devoted to capillary systems (surface layers, drops, films, jets, etc.) whose flow is greatly influenced by surface phenomena. Two- and three-dimensional hydrodynamics and rheology are formulated, as well as the kinetics and dynamics of surfactant adsorption in capillary systems. A new approach is elaborated for describing the most complicated capillary systems, like foams and polyhedral emulsions, as continuous media. The stability of disperse structures and the influence of gravity are also analysed. Although the book is purely theoretical, many consequences of practical importance are obtained. It will be of interest to university lecturers and postgraduates in colloid and surface science, as well as researchers and engineers dealing with capillary systems.
The Analytical Chemistry of Indium is a compilation of information on the analytical chemistry of indium, a metal that is important in optical and electronics industries and a component of certain alloys. The monograph aims to provide factual material available on the analytical chemistry of indium. The book gives an overview of the history and chemical properties of the element indium. Methods for the detection, separation, and determination of indium, including special methods for its determination in industrial and natural products are likewise discussed and evaluated. The text will be of good use to chemists, physicists, materials engineers, researchers, and students.
Emphasis is placed on the analysis of translational, rotational, vibrational and electronically excited state kinetics, coupled to the electron Boltzmann equation.
This is the first book which describes completely the nontraditional difference schemes which combine the ideas of Pad-type approximation and upwind differencing. These possess some favorable properties and can be used to solve various problems in fluid dynamics and related disciplines. They were proposed by the author in the seventies and are extensively used in Russia. However, they seem to be relatively unknown outside the country. In this book, the author presents the theory of the schemes, to provide some sophisticated algorithms for different computational fluid dynamics problems, to supply readers with useful information which would permit them to construct a rich variety of algorithms of this type and to illustrate the applications of these methods to the numerical simulation of various fluid dynamics phenomena, ranging from supersonic viscous flows to some atmosphere and ocean processes. This book is an essential guide for anyone keenly interested in this field.
Friction and Wear in Polymer-Based Materials discusses friction and wear problems in polymer-based materials. The book is organized into three parts. The chapters in Part I cover the basic laws of friction and wear in polymer-based materials. Topics covered include frictional interaction during metal-polymer contact and the influence of operating conditions on wear in polymers. The chapters in Part II discuss the structure and frictional properties of polymer-based materials; the mechanism of frictional transfer when a polymer comes into contact with polymers, metals, and other materials; and controlling the frictional properties of polymer materials. Part III is devoted to applications of polymer-based materials in friction assemblies. It covers composite self-lubricating materials and polymer materials for complexly loaded main friction assemblies. This work may prove useful to specialists interested in the problems of using polymer materials. It also aims to stimulate deeper research into the field of friction and wear in polymer-based materials.
This is the first monograph devoted to interfacial tensiometry and is therefore the definitive source of information on measuring surface tension. More than 40 methods for measuring surface tension both at the liquid-fluid and solid-fluid boundaries are described including methods using computational techniques, tele- and video-apparatus, and laser techniques. A central place in the book has been given to methods based on the investigation of properties of liquid and gaseous menisci both in the presence or absence of a gravitational field and a rotational one. Their description is preceded by a chapter on the theory of menisci including the derivation of various forms of the Laplace formula. The application of the methods for studying the equilibrium and dynamic surface tension has been considered. Dynamic methods used for very small surface life-times are described and a separate chapter is devoted to the theory of surface tension which will ensure a better understanding of the material. A systematic analysis of the material embracing all kinds of interfaces including solid surfaces, the history of each method, its theoretical foundation, characterization of measuring procedures and setups, a large number of numeric tables and plots and representative illustrations make the book encyclopedic in character.
This is the first book on physicochemical hydrodynamics that is devoted to capillary systems (surface layers, drops, films, jets, etc.) whose flow is greatly influenced by surface phenomena. Two- and three-dimensional hydrodynamics and rheology are formulated, as well as the kinetics and dynamics of surfactant adsorption in capillary systems. A new approach is elaborated for describing the most complicated capillary systems, like foams and polyhedral emulsions, as continuous media. The stability of disperse structures and the influence of gravity are also analysed. Although the book is purely theoretical, many consequences of practical importance are obtained. It will be of interest to university lecturers and postgraduates in colloid and surface science, as well as researchers and engineers dealing with capillary systems.
This book begins with the past and present of the subversive technology of artificial intelligence, clearly analyzes the overall picture, latest developments and development trends of the artificial intelligence industry, and conducts in-depth research on the competitive situation of various countries. The book also provides an in-depth analysis of the opportunities and challenges that artificial intelligence brings to individuals, businesses, and society. For readers who want to fully understand artificial intelligence, this book provides an important reference and is a must-read.
The Future of Writing Has Arrived" In a world where creativity meets cutting-edge technology, "ThePenPilot AI: AI Ghostwriter" unveils the revolutionary app that's shaking the foundations of content creation. Dive into the mind-bending realm where artificial intelligence can produce bestsellers, screenplays, and academic works in mere minutes. Invented by Thomas A.Q.T. Truong, an MIT Technology Review's Innovator Under 35 in AI, this groundbreaking tool harnesses the power of GPT-4o and proprietary algorithms to transform the way we think about authorship. From romance novels to patent applications, ThePenPilot AI is redefining the boundaries of what's possible in writing. Inside this compelling exploration, you'll discover: - The astonishing capabilities of AI in generating 200-page documents across multiple genres - How ThePenPilot AI is democratizing content creation for writers, entrepreneurs, and academics alike - The ethical dilemmas and legal considerations surrounding AI-generated literature - A glimpse into the future of creativity and the potential obsolescence of human authors Delve deeper into the technological marvel that is ThePenPilot AI: - Uncover the advanced AI technologies powering the app, including on-device and cloud processing, AI-driven web research, and neural machine translation - Learn about the user-friendly three-step process that turns ideas into fully-fledged content - Explore the versatile applications across various fields, from bestselling novels to PhD theses - Understand the flexible pricing structure, from one-time purchases to subscription options - Discover the app's availability across multiple Apple platforms, including iPhone, iPad, Mac, and Vision Pro This book also addresses the provocative questions surrounding AI authorship: - Can AI truly replicate human creativity and emotional depth in writing? - How will the publishing industry adapt to AI-generated bestsellers? - What are the implications for copyright and intellectual property rights? - How can writers and content creators leverage AI to enhance their work rather than be replaced by it? Whether you're an aspiring writer, a tech enthusiast, or simply curious about the intersection of AI and creativity, this book offers an unparalleled look at the tool that's poised to disrupt the literary world. Gain insights into the marketing strategies behind ThePenPilot AI and the viral discussions it has sparked in the creative community. Are human authors truly becoming obsolete? Or is this the dawn of a new era of human-AI collaboration? Dive into "ThePenPilot AI: AI Ghostwriter" and judge for yourself. The future of writing is here – are you ready to embrace it?
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