This monograph presents theoretical and experimental studies of flows of elastic liquids. Falling into this category are particularly the melts and concentrated solutions of such flexible-chain polymers as polyethylene, polyisobutylene and polypropylene, all of which are widely used in polymer processing. These polydisperse polymers vary greatly, from batch to batch, in their mechanical properties and 20% variation in a property is believed to be good enough. l 7 All recent books - devoted to the rheology of polymers do not answer the question of which constitutive equations should be used for solving the fluid mechanic problems of polymer processing in the usual case of an appreciable nonlinear region of deformation where nonlinear effects of shear and extensional elasticity are very important. Viscoelastic constitut ive equations cited commonly (see, e.g. Refs 5 and 6) do not describe simultaneously even the simplest cases of deformations, viz. simple shear and uniaxial extension. Moreover, some of them are internally inconsist ent and sometimes display highly unstable behaviour in simple flows without any fundamental reasons. Even more respected molecular ap free from these defects.
This book is devoted to nonlocal theory of nonlinear oscillations. The frequency methods of investigating problems of cycle existence in multidimensional analogues of Van der Pol equation, in dynamical systems with cylindrical phase space and dynamical systems satisfying Routh-Hurwitz generalized conditions are systematically presented here for the first time. To solve these problems methods of Poincaré map construction, frequency methods, synthesis of Lyapunov direct methods and bifurcation theory elements are applied. V.M. Popov's method is employed for obtaining frequency criteria, which estimate period of oscillations. Also, an approach to investigate the stability of cycles based on the ideas of Zhukovsky, Borg, Hartmann, and Olech is presented, and the effects appearing when bounded trajectories are unstable are discussed. For chaotic oscillations theorems on localizations of attractors are given. The upper estimates of Hausdorff measure and dimension of attractors generalizing Doudy-Oesterle and Smith theorems are obtained, illustrated by the example of a Lorenz system and its different generalizations. The analytical apparatus developed in the book is applied to the analysis of oscillation of various control systems, pendulum-like systems and those of synchronization. Audience: This volume will be of interest to those whose work involves Fourier analysis, global analysis, and analysis on manifolds, as well as mathematics of physics and mechanics in general. A background in linear algebra and differential equations is assumed.
This book focuses on the aircraft designs of the man often referred to as the father of Russian aviation, Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev. Born in Russia in 1888, Tupolev went on to design aircraft that earned Russia worldwide acclaim for their contributions to aviation in the 1920s, '30s, and '40s.
These proceedings are devoted to a wide variety of both theoretical and experimental areas in particle physics. The topics include physics at accelerators and studies of Standard Model and Beyond, neutrino and astroparticle physics, cosmology, CP Violation and rare decays, hadron physics, and new developments in quantum field theory. The papers of the volume reveal the present status and new development in the above mentioned items. In particular, the first results on measurement of LHC pp collision events are also reported.
Friction and Wear in Polymer-Based Materials discusses friction and wear problems in polymer-based materials. The book is organized into three parts. The chapters in Part I cover the basic laws of friction and wear in polymer-based materials. Topics covered include frictional interaction during metal-polymer contact and the influence of operating conditions on wear in polymers. The chapters in Part II discuss the structure and frictional properties of polymer-based materials; the mechanism of frictional transfer when a polymer comes into contact with polymers, metals, and other materials; and controlling the frictional properties of polymer materials. Part III is devoted to applications of polymer-based materials in friction assemblies. It covers composite self-lubricating materials and polymer materials for complexly loaded main friction assemblies. This work may prove useful to specialists interested in the problems of using polymer materials. It also aims to stimulate deeper research into the field of friction and wear in polymer-based materials.
Written by professional physicists with over 140 years' of teaching experience combined, this book is aimed at students and lecturers in physics. The authors present analytical mechanics as the basis for the study of theoretical physics, its methods and ideas forming the foundation of all other branches including quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and field theory. The book begins by discussing the motion of particles in a central field and scattering of particles based on Newton's equations. It then introduces and explores Lagrange equations for various systems, linear and non-linear oscillations, Hamiltonian formalism, and the motion of a rigid body. Each topic is accompanied by problems that are suitable for seminars and testing. The book also includes five supplemental sections, which provide practical illustrations of the theoretical material. These sections can be used by teachers as the basis for conducting a specialized course, or by curious students who wish to explore different applications of analytical mechanics independently.
This monograph presents theoretical and experimental studies of flows of elastic liquids. Falling into this category are particularly the melts and concentrated solutions of such flexible-chain polymers as polyethylene, polyisobutylene and polypropylene, all of which are widely used in polymer processing. These polydisperse polymers vary greatly, from batch to batch, in their mechanical properties and 20% variation in a property is believed to be good enough. l 7 All recent books - devoted to the rheology of polymers do not answer the question of which constitutive equations should be used for solving the fluid mechanic problems of polymer processing in the usual case of an appreciable nonlinear region of deformation where nonlinear effects of shear and extensional elasticity are very important. Viscoelastic constitut ive equations cited commonly (see, e.g. Refs 5 and 6) do not describe simultaneously even the simplest cases of deformations, viz. simple shear and uniaxial extension. Moreover, some of them are internally inconsist ent and sometimes display highly unstable behaviour in simple flows without any fundamental reasons. Even more respected molecular ap free from these defects.
This book is devoted to nonlocal theory of nonlinear oscillations. The frequency methods of investigating problems of cycle existence in multidimensional analogues of Van der Pol equation, in dynamical systems with cylindrical phase space and dynamical systems satisfying Routh-Hurwitz generalized conditions are systematically presented here for the first time. To solve these problems methods of Poincaré map construction, frequency methods, synthesis of Lyapunov direct methods and bifurcation theory elements are applied. V.M. Popov's method is employed for obtaining frequency criteria, which estimate period of oscillations. Also, an approach to investigate the stability of cycles based on the ideas of Zhukovsky, Borg, Hartmann, and Olech is presented, and the effects appearing when bounded trajectories are unstable are discussed. For chaotic oscillations theorems on localizations of attractors are given. The upper estimates of Hausdorff measure and dimension of attractors generalizing Doudy-Oesterle and Smith theorems are obtained, illustrated by the example of a Lorenz system and its different generalizations. The analytical apparatus developed in the book is applied to the analysis of oscillation of various control systems, pendulum-like systems and those of synchronization. Audience: This volume will be of interest to those whose work involves Fourier analysis, global analysis, and analysis on manifolds, as well as mathematics of physics and mechanics in general. A background in linear algebra and differential equations is assumed.
This book begins with the past and present of the subversive technology of artificial intelligence, clearly analyzes the overall picture, latest developments and development trends of the artificial intelligence industry, and conducts in-depth research on the competitive situation of various countries. The book also provides an in-depth analysis of the opportunities and challenges that artificial intelligence brings to individuals, businesses, and society. For readers who want to fully understand artificial intelligence, this book provides an important reference and is a must-read.
The Future of Writing Has Arrived" In a world where creativity meets cutting-edge technology, "ThePenPilot AI: AI Ghostwriter" unveils the revolutionary app that's shaking the foundations of content creation. Dive into the mind-bending realm where artificial intelligence can produce bestsellers, screenplays, and academic works in mere minutes. Invented by Thomas A.Q.T. Truong, an MIT Technology Review's Innovator Under 35 in AI, this groundbreaking tool harnesses the power of GPT-4o and proprietary algorithms to transform the way we think about authorship. From romance novels to patent applications, ThePenPilot AI is redefining the boundaries of what's possible in writing. Inside this compelling exploration, you'll discover: - The astonishing capabilities of AI in generating 200-page documents across multiple genres - How ThePenPilot AI is democratizing content creation for writers, entrepreneurs, and academics alike - The ethical dilemmas and legal considerations surrounding AI-generated literature - A glimpse into the future of creativity and the potential obsolescence of human authors Delve deeper into the technological marvel that is ThePenPilot AI: - Uncover the advanced AI technologies powering the app, including on-device and cloud processing, AI-driven web research, and neural machine translation - Learn about the user-friendly three-step process that turns ideas into fully-fledged content - Explore the versatile applications across various fields, from bestselling novels to PhD theses - Understand the flexible pricing structure, from one-time purchases to subscription options - Discover the app's availability across multiple Apple platforms, including iPhone, iPad, Mac, and Vision Pro This book also addresses the provocative questions surrounding AI authorship: - Can AI truly replicate human creativity and emotional depth in writing? - How will the publishing industry adapt to AI-generated bestsellers? - What are the implications for copyright and intellectual property rights? - How can writers and content creators leverage AI to enhance their work rather than be replaced by it? Whether you're an aspiring writer, a tech enthusiast, or simply curious about the intersection of AI and creativity, this book offers an unparalleled look at the tool that's poised to disrupt the literary world. Gain insights into the marketing strategies behind ThePenPilot AI and the viral discussions it has sparked in the creative community. Are human authors truly becoming obsolete? Or is this the dawn of a new era of human-AI collaboration? Dive into "ThePenPilot AI: AI Ghostwriter" and judge for yourself. The future of writing is here – are you ready to embrace it?
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