This title was first published in 2000: This second volume of studies by the late Professor Offler looks first at the interaction of the temporal and spiritual powers in Germany, Italy, France and England, especially in the earlier 14th century. A second focus is on the political works of William of Ockham, the editions of which represented a major part of Offler’s work. Particular articles include an examination of the government of late medieval Germany, and the publication of two sermons by Pope Clement VI. The final piece, hitherto unpublished, provides an edition and study of the Latin version of the ’victory sermon’ of Thomas Bradwardine, delivered in late 1346 before Edward III and the English army at the siege of Calais. The introduction, by L.E. Scales, discusses the present state of Offler’s scholarship and is followed by a complete bibliography of his publications.
The papers in this volume, which include three left unpublished at the time of Professor Offler's death in 1991, cover the period from the 9th to the 14th centuries; They well exemplify Offler's command of historical narrative and his technical skills as a historian. Their main concern is with the northernmost counties of England, in particular with the diocese of Durham and the activities of its bishops, but some cross the border into Scottish history. Many provide a careful evaluation of crucial documentary evidence for the period; others give vivid reconstructions of particular personalities or events.
Ai Kihara-Hunt’s Holding UNPOL to Account: Individual Criminal Accountability of United Nations Police Personnel analyzes whether the mechanisms that address criminal accountability of United Nations police personnel serving in peace operations are effective, and if there is a problem, how it can be mitigated. The volume reviews the obligations of States and the UN to investigate and prosecute criminal acts committed by UN police, and examines the jurisdictional and immunity issues involved. It concludes that these do not constitute legal barriers to accountability, although immunity poses some problems in practice. The principal problem appears to be the lack of political will to bring prosecutions, as well as a lack of transparency, which makes it difficult accurately to determine the scale of the problem.
A pioneering and comprehensive introduction to the complex subject of integrated refinery process simulation, using many of the tools and techniques currently employed in modern refineries. Adopting a systematic and practical approach, the authors include the theory, case studies and hands-on workshops, explaining how to work with real data. As a result, senior-level undergraduate and graduate students, as well as industrial engineers learn how to develop and use the latest computer models for the predictive modeling and optimization of integrated refinery processes. Additional material is available online providing relevant spreadsheets and simulation files for all the models and examples presented in the book.
Plasma Electrodynamics, Volume 2: Non-Linear Theory and Fluctuations deals with the theory of nonlinear waves in a collisionless plasma, including the quasilinear theory, the theory of plasma turbulence, and the theory of electromagnetic fluctuations in a plasma. Topics covered range from nonlinear high-frequency waves in a cold plasma to the theory of plasma oscillations in the quasilinear approximation. Nonlinear wave-particle interactions are also discussed, along with scattering and transformation of waves in a plasma. Comprised of six chapters, this volume begins with a study of nonlinear waves in a collisionless plasma, focusing on nonlinear high-frequency waves in a cold plasma; Langmuir waves in a non-relativistic plasma; and longitudinal, transverse, and coupled longitudinal-transverse waves in a relativistic plasma. After expounding on the quasilinear theory, which describes the effects of the first approximation in terms of the plasma wave energy, the nonlinear interaction of waves and particles is considered. The last three chapters explore the theory of electromagnetic fluctuations in a plasma; the theory of scattering processes and the transformation of waves in a plasma; and the scattering of charged particles in a plasma. The polarization energy losses when charged particles move in a plasma are calculated. This book will be of interest to physicists.
Plasma Electrodynamics, Volume 1: Linear Theory is a seven-chapter book that begins with a description of the general methods of describing plasma, particularly, kinetic and hydrodynamic methods. Chapter 2 discusses the linear theory of magneto-hydrodynamic waves. Chapter 3 describes the non-linear magneto-hydrodynamic waves, both simple waves and shock waves. Subsequent chapters explain the high-frequency oscillations in an unmagnetized plasma; oscillations of a plasma in a magnetic field; and interaction between charged particle beams and a plasma. The last chapter details the oscillations of a partially ionized plasma.
The book is the first book on complex matrix equations including the conjugate of unknown matrices. The study of these conjugate matrix equations is motivated by the investigations on stabilization and model reference tracking control for discrete-time antilinear systems, which are a particular kind of complex system with structure constraints. It proposes useful approaches to obtain iterative solutions or explicit solutions for several types of complex conjugate matrix equation. It observes that there are some significant differences between the real/complex matrix equations and the complex conjugate matrix equations. For example, the solvability of a real Sylvester matrix equation can be characterized by matrix similarity; however, the solvability of the con-Sylvester matrix equation in complex conjugate form is related to the concept of con-similarity. In addition, the new concept of conjugate product for complex polynomial matrices is also proposed in order to establish a unified approach for solving a type of complex matrix equation.
Perhaps it is not inappropriate for me to begin with the comment that this book has been an interesting challenge to the translator. It is most unusual, in a text of this type, in that the style is racy, with many literary allusions and witticisms: not the easiest to translate, but a source of inspiration to continue through material that could daunt by its combinatorial complexity. Moreover, there have been many changes to the text during the translating period, reflecting the ferment that the subject of the restricted Burnside problem is passing through at present. I concur with Professor Kostrikin's "Note in Proof', where he describes the book as fortunate. I would put it slightly differently: its appearance has surely been partly instrumental in inspiring much endeavour, including such things as the paper of A. I. Adian and A. A. Razborov producing the first published recursive upper bound for the order of the universal finite group B(d,p) of prime exponent (the English version contains a different treatment of this result, due to E. I. Zel'manov); M. R. Vaughan-Lee's new approach to the subject; and finally, the crowning achievement of Zel'manov in establishing RBP for all prime-power exponents, thereby (via the classification theorem for finite simple groups and Hall-Higman) settling it for all exponents. The book is encyclopaedic in its coverage of facts and problems on RBP, and will continue to have an important influence in the area.
The new millennium brings with it new challenges and possibilities. A globalised world in which education will be the key to cross-national relations necessitates a fundamental understanding of the way education is practised in different cultures across the world. The Reflective Spin is the first book of its kind -- about university teachers, about professionals sharing their experiences in improving learning and teaching practices. The writers of the cases generously share their concerns, struggles, knowledge and insights as they examine the values, assumptions, presuppositions and perspectives about learning and teaching in higher education. Readers will benefit from this sharing of a new reflective experience in a multi-layered, multi-faceted and multi-perspective context.
A comprehensive review of the theory and practice of the simulation and optimization of the petroleum refining processes Petroleum Refinery Process Modeling offers a thorough review of how to quantitatively model key refinery reaction and fractionation processes. The text introduces the basics of dealing with the thermodynamics and physical property predictions of hydrocarbon components in the context of process modeling. The authors - three experts on the topic - outline the procedures and include the key data required for building reaction and fractionation models with commercial software. The text shows how to filter through the extensive data available at the refinery and using plant data to begin calibrating available models and extend the models to include key fractionation sub-models. It provides a sound and informed basis to understand and exploit plant phenomena to improve yield, consistency, and performance. In addition, the authors offer information on applying models in an overall refinery context through refinery planning based on linear programming. This important resource: -Offers the basic information of thermodynamics and physical property predictions of hydrocarbon components in the context of process modeling -Uses the key concepts of fractionation lumps and physical properties to develop detailed models and workflows for atmospheric (CDU) and vacuum (VDU) distillation units -Discusses modeling FCC, catalytic reforming and hydroprocessing units Written for chemical engineers, process engineers, and engineers for measurement and control, this resource explores the advanced simulation tools and techniques that are available to support experienced and aid new operators and engineers.
International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy: Collective Oscillations in a Plasma, Volume 7 presents specific topics within the general field of radio waves propagation. This book contains five chapters that address the theory of linear oscillations in a plasma, the spectra of the eigen oscillations, and the mechanism of high-frequency heating. The opening chapters deal with the self-consistent fields; development of initial perturbation; dispersion permittivity tensor of a plasma in a magnetic field; effect of thermal motion of particles on low-frequency resonances; excitation of oscillations by modulated azimuthal currents; and cyclotron damping of low-frequency oscillations. The next chapters describe the nature of beam instability, the fluctuations in a free equilibrium plasma, and the current causing scattered waves. A study of the probability of scattering is presented. The concluding chapters are devoted to the scattering of electromagnetic waves in a plasma-beam system and the coefficient of reflection determination. The book can provide useful information to scientists, physicists, students, and researchers.
This is the first monograph devoted to interfacial tensiometry and is therefore the definitive source of information on measuring surface tension. More than 40 methods for measuring surface tension both at the liquid-fluid and solid-fluid boundaries are described including methods using computational techniques, tele- and video-apparatus, and laser techniques. A central place in the book has been given to methods based on the investigation of properties of liquid and gaseous menisci both in the presence or absence of a gravitational field and a rotational one. Their description is preceded by a chapter on the theory of menisci including the derivation of various forms of the Laplace formula. The application of the methods for studying the equilibrium and dynamic surface tension has been considered. Dynamic methods used for very small surface life-times are described and a separate chapter is devoted to the theory of surface tension which will ensure a better understanding of the material. A systematic analysis of the material embracing all kinds of interfaces including solid surfaces, the history of each method, its theoretical foundation, characterization of measuring procedures and setups, a large number of numeric tables and plots and representative illustrations make the book encyclopedic in character.
This title was first published in 2000: This second volume of studies by the late Professor Offler looks first at the interaction of the temporal and spiritual powers in Germany, Italy, France and England, especially in the earlier 14th century. A second focus is on the political works of William of Ockham, the editions of which represented a major part of Offler’s work. Particular articles include an examination of the government of late medieval Germany, and the publication of two sermons by Pope Clement VI. The final piece, hitherto unpublished, provides an edition and study of the Latin version of the ’victory sermon’ of Thomas Bradwardine, delivered in late 1346 before Edward III and the English army at the siege of Calais. The introduction, by L.E. Scales, discusses the present state of Offler’s scholarship and is followed by a complete bibliography of his publications.
The papers in this volume, which include three left unpublished at the time of Professor Offler's death in 1991, cover the period from the 9th to the 14th centuries; They well exemplify Offler's command of historical narrative and his technical skills as a historian. Their main concern is with the northernmost counties of England, in particular with the diocese of Durham and the activities of its bishops, but some cross the border into Scottish history. Many provide a careful evaluation of crucial documentary evidence for the period; others give vivid reconstructions of particular personalities or events.
The Future of Writing Has Arrived" In a world where creativity meets cutting-edge technology, "ThePenPilot AI: AI Ghostwriter" unveils the revolutionary app that's shaking the foundations of content creation. Dive into the mind-bending realm where artificial intelligence can produce bestsellers, screenplays, and academic works in mere minutes. Invented by Thomas A.Q.T. Truong, an MIT Technology Review's Innovator Under 35 in AI, this groundbreaking tool harnesses the power of GPT-4o and proprietary algorithms to transform the way we think about authorship. From romance novels to patent applications, ThePenPilot AI is redefining the boundaries of what's possible in writing. Inside this compelling exploration, you'll discover: - The astonishing capabilities of AI in generating 200-page documents across multiple genres - How ThePenPilot AI is democratizing content creation for writers, entrepreneurs, and academics alike - The ethical dilemmas and legal considerations surrounding AI-generated literature - A glimpse into the future of creativity and the potential obsolescence of human authors Delve deeper into the technological marvel that is ThePenPilot AI: - Uncover the advanced AI technologies powering the app, including on-device and cloud processing, AI-driven web research, and neural machine translation - Learn about the user-friendly three-step process that turns ideas into fully-fledged content - Explore the versatile applications across various fields, from bestselling novels to PhD theses - Understand the flexible pricing structure, from one-time purchases to subscription options - Discover the app's availability across multiple Apple platforms, including iPhone, iPad, Mac, and Vision Pro This book also addresses the provocative questions surrounding AI authorship: - Can AI truly replicate human creativity and emotional depth in writing? - How will the publishing industry adapt to AI-generated bestsellers? - What are the implications for copyright and intellectual property rights? - How can writers and content creators leverage AI to enhance their work rather than be replaced by it? Whether you're an aspiring writer, a tech enthusiast, or simply curious about the intersection of AI and creativity, this book offers an unparalleled look at the tool that's poised to disrupt the literary world. Gain insights into the marketing strategies behind ThePenPilot AI and the viral discussions it has sparked in the creative community. Are human authors truly becoming obsolete? Or is this the dawn of a new era of human-AI collaboration? Dive into "ThePenPilot AI: AI Ghostwriter" and judge for yourself. The future of writing is here – are you ready to embrace it?
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