Because magnetically confined plasmas are generally not found in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, they have been studied extensively with methods of applied kinetic theory. In closed magnetic field line confinement devices such as the tokamak, non-Maxwellian distortions usually occur as a result of auxiliary heating and transport. In magnetic mirror configurations even the intended steady state plasma is far from local thermodynamic equilibrium because of losses along open magnetic field lines. In both of these major fusion devices, kinetic models based on the Boltzmann equation with Fokker-Planck collision terms have been successful in representing plasma behavior. The heating of plasmas by energetic neutral beams or microwaves, the production and thermalization of a-particles in thermonuclear reactor plasmas, the study of runaway electrons in tokamaks, and the performance of two-energy compo nent fusion reactors are some examples of processes in which the solution of kinetic equations is appropriate and, moreover, generally necessary for an understanding of the plasma dynamics. Ultimately, the problem is to solve a nonlinear partial differential equation for the distribution function of each charged plasma species in terms of six phase space variables and time. The dimensionality of the problem may be reduced through imposing certain symmetry conditions. For example, fewer spatial dimensions are needed if either the magnetic field is taken to be uniform or the magnetic field inhomogeneity enters principally through its variation along the direction of the field.
National Geographic Traveler guidebooks contain must-know travel information, inspiring photography, insider tips, and expert advice you won’t find on the internet for bucket-list destinations around the world. Japan is a multifaceted country with a rich history and culture and spellbinding beauty. Nature lovers will be awed by everything from enchanting cherry blossoms and unique Zen gardens to the snow-capped peak of Mount Fuji, the Akan and Kushiro-Shitsugen national parks, and the crystal-clear waters of the tropical atolls. Or, embrace the frenetic rhythm of bustling metropolitan cities like Tokyo and Kyoto. No matter what your travel desire, this newly revised guidebook can help you make the most of your trip. Inside you’ll find 17 maps of the various islands; multiple itineraries by car or bike or on foot; insights into fascinating history, culture, and traditions; practical travel information and insider tips; as well as unique travel experiences you don’t want to miss, such as climbing Mount Fuji, a performance in a Kabuki theater, a Zen meditation session, surfing in Okinawa, and how to take part in a traditional tea ceremony. Part of a best-selling series, this guidebook has everything you need to get the most out of your trip to this incredible country.
Packed with detailed information as well as color photos and maps, the "AA Guides to Britain" are the most complete and up-to-date guides to Britain's accommodations, golf courses, restaurants, and pubs. Visitors' details include hours, prices, directions, suitability for families, insider tips, and more.
Because magnetically confined plasmas are generally not found in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, they have been studied extensively with methods of applied kinetic theory. In closed magnetic field line confinement devices such as the tokamak, non-Maxwellian distortions usually occur as a result of auxiliary heating and transport. In magnetic mirror configurations even the intended steady state plasma is far from local thermodynamic equilibrium because of losses along open magnetic field lines. In both of these major fusion devices, kinetic models based on the Boltzmann equation with Fokker-Planck collision terms have been successful in representing plasma behavior. The heating of plasmas by energetic neutral beams or microwaves, the production and thermalization of a-particles in thermonuclear reactor plasmas, the study of runaway electrons in tokamaks, and the performance of two-energy compo nent fusion reactors are some examples of processes in which the solution of kinetic equations is appropriate and, moreover, generally necessary for an understanding of the plasma dynamics. Ultimately, the problem is to solve a nonlinear partial differential equation for the distribution function of each charged plasma species in terms of six phase space variables and time. The dimensionality of the problem may be reduced through imposing certain symmetry conditions. For example, fewer spatial dimensions are needed if either the magnetic field is taken to be uniform or the magnetic field inhomogeneity enters principally through its variation along the direction of the field.
It's more than a book. It's a way of life. Alcoholics Anonymous: the big book has served as a lifeline to millions worldwide. Alcoholics Anonymous sets forth cornerstone concepts of recovery from alcoholism and tells the stories of men and women who have overcome the disease"--Container.
First published in 1939, this resource sets forth cornerstone concepts of recovery from alcoholism and tells the stories of men and women who have overcome the disease.
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