This volume contains a selection of contributions by prominent mathematicians from the many interesting presentations delivered at the Conference of Mathematics and Mathematical Physics that was held in Fez, Morocco during the period of 28?30 October, 2008. Readers will find that this volume merges different approaches in nonlinear analysis, and covers, in a broad and balanced fashion, both the theoretical and the numerical aspects of the subject. Graduate students, researchers and professionals with interest in the subject will find it useful while keeping abreast with the latest advancements in this field.
This book presents a collection of selected contributions on recent results in nonlinear partial differential equations from participants to an international conference held in Fes, Morocco in 1994. The emphasis is on nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems, but there are also papers deveoted to related areas such as monotone operator theory, calculus of variations, Hamiltonian systems and periodic solutions. Some of the papers are exhaustive surveys, while others contain new results,published here for the first time. This book will be of particular interest to graduate or postgraduate students as well as to specialists in these areas.
This title provides a succinct, readable, and comprehensive treatment of how the Obama administration reacted to what was arguably the most difficult foreign policy challenge of its eight years in office: the Arab Spring. As a prelude to examining how the United States reacted to the first wave of the Arab Spring in the 21st century, this book begins with an examination of how the U.S. reacted to revolution in the 19th and 20th centuries and a summary of how foreign policy is made. Each revolution in the Arab Spring (in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Bahrain, and Yemen) and the Obama administration's action—or inaction—in response is carefully analyzed. The U.S.' role is compared to that of regional powers, such as Turkey, Israel, and Iran. The impact of U.S. abdication in the face of pivotal events in the region is the subject of the book's conclusion. While other treatments have addressed how the Arab Spring revolutions have affected the individual countries where these revolutions took place, U.S. foreign policy toward the Middle East, and President Barack Obama's overall foreign policy, this is the only work that provides a comprehensive examination of both the Arab Spring revolutions themselves and the reaction of the U.S. government to those revolutions.
This FAO-ODI study provides an evidence-based analysis of the drivers of youth radicalisation in the Sahel and distils what this means for programming which aims to address that concern. Resources have been invested into trying to address the underlying drivers of youth radicalisation, often through programming under the labels of Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) or Prevention of Violent Extremism (PVE). Such approaches tend to categorise ‘at risk’ individuals based on certain socio-economic profiles. In particular, connecting both poverty and unemployment to radicalisation has been a popular assumption among policymakers, based on arguments that poverty and unemployment both generate grievance-based motivations and lower the opportunity cost for engaging in political violence. In response, P/CVE programming often includes the provision of economic alternatives and skills-based training in a bid to dissuade young people from joining armed groups. The findings of this study challenge this framing. Based on a review of over 50 studies on radicalisation in the Sahel and the evidence from P/CVE programming implemented in the region, it has been assessed that the drivers of radicalisation in the region are geographically specific and therefore need to be considered spatially, rather than aiming to produce a ‘typical’ profile of youth that are vulnerable to radicalisation. This report aims not only to uncover how socio-economic conditions interact with political dynamics to produce environments conducive to youth radicalisation, but also to provide recommendations on how regional employment programmes can be tailored so that they contribute towards reducing radicalisation.
This book contains a series of review chapters from the world''s leaders in herpesvirus research. It is designed as a tribute to the famous virologist Prof Bernard Roizman. Former trainees of Prof Roizman were invited to contribute to this volume. The chapters cover all eight of the human herpesviruses, and the topics discussed span the past six decades of this exciting research field.
From basic science to clinical care, to epidemiological disease patters, The Neurology of AIDS is the only complete textbook available on AIDS neurology and the only one comprehensive enough to stand alone in each segment of study in brain disorders affected by the human immunodeficiency virus. It is an indispensable resource for students, resident physicians, practicing physicians, and for researchers and experts in the HIV/AIDS field. Oxford Clinical Neuroscience is a comprehensive, cross-searchable collection of resources offering quick and easy access to eleven of Oxford University Press's prestigious neuroscience texts. Joining Oxford Medicine Online these resources offer students, specialists and clinical researchers the best quality content in an easy-to-access format.
In recent years, authoritarian states in the Middle East and North Africa have faced increasing international pressure to decentralize political power. Decentralization is presented as a panacea that will foster good governance and civil society, helping citizens procure basic services and fight corruption. Two of these states, Jordan and Morocco, are monarchies with elected parliaments and recent experiences of liberalization. Morocco began devolving certain responsibilities to municipal councils decades ago, while Jordan has consistently followed a path of greater centralization. Their experiences test such assumptions about the benefits of localism. Janine A. Clark examines why Morocco decentralized while Jordan did not and evaluates the impact of their divergent paths, ultimately explaining how authoritarian regimes can use decentralization reforms to consolidate power. Local Politics in Jordan and Morocco argues that decentralization is a tactic authoritarian regimes employ based on their coalition strategies to expand their base of support and strengthen patron-client ties. Clark analyzes the opportunities that decentralization presents to local actors to pursue their interests and lays out how municipal-level figures find ways to use reforms to their advantage. In Morocco, decentralization has resulted not in greater political inclusivity or improved services, but rather in the entrenchment of pro-regime elites in power. The main Islamist political party has also taken advantage of these reforms. In Jordan, decentralization would undermine the networks that benefit elites and their supporters. Based on extensive fieldwork, Local Politics in Jordan and Morocco is an important contribution to Middle East studies and political science that challenges our understanding of authoritarian regimes’ survival strategies and resilience.
Institutional Review Board (IRB) members and oversight personnel face challenges with research involving new technology, management of big data, globalization of research, and more complex federal regulations. Institutional Review Board: Management and Function, Third Edition provides everything IRBs and administrators need to know about efficiently managing and effectively operating a modern and compliant system of protecting human research subjects. This trusted reference manual has been extensively updated to reflect the 2018 revisions to the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (Common Rule). An essential resource for both seasoned and novice IRB administrators and members, Institutional Review Board: Management and Function provides comprehensive and understandable interpretations of the regulations, clear descriptions of the ethical principles on which the regulations are based, and practical step-by-step guidance for effectively implementing regulatory oversight.
In the post-Cold War era, why has democratization been slow to arrive in the Arab world? This book argues that to understand support for the authoritarian status quo in parts of this region--and the willingness of its citizens to compromise on core democratic principles--one must factor in how a strong U.S. presence and popular anti-Americanism weakens democratic voices. Examining such countries as Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Palestine, and Saudi Arabia, Amaney Jamal explores how Arab citizens decide whether to back existing regimes, regime transitions, and democratization projects, and how the global position of Arab states shapes people's attitudes toward their governments. While the Cold War's end reduced superpower hegemony in much of the developing world, the Arab region witnessed an increased security and economic dependence on the United States. As a result, the preferences of the United States matter greatly to middle-class Arab citizens, not just the elite, and citizens will restrain their pursuit of democratization, rationalizing their backing for the status quo because of U.S. geostrategic priorities. Demonstrating how the preferences of an international patron serve as a constraint or an opportunity to push for democracy, Jamal questions bottom-up approaches to democratization, which assume that states are autonomous units in the world order. Jamal contends that even now, with the overthrow of some autocratic Arab regimes, the future course of Arab democratization will be influenced by the perception of American reactions. Concurrently, the United States must address the troubling sources of the region's rising anti-Americanism.
“Represents an important advancement in developing the strand of literature that considers how economic conditions affect Islamist movements.” —Middle Eastern Studies A. Kadir Yildirim and other scholars have used the term “Muslim Democrat” to describe moderate Islamist political parties, suggesting a parallel with Christian Democratic parties in Europe. These parties (MDPs) are marked by their adherence to a secular political regime, normative commitment to the rules of a democratic political system, and the democratic political representation of a religious identity. In this book, Yildirim draws on extensive field research in Turkey, Egypt, and Morocco to examine this phenomenon and assess the interaction of economic and political factors in the development of MDPs. Distinguishing between “competitive [economic] liberalization” and “crony liberalization,” he argues that MDPs are more likely to emerge and succeed in the context of the former. He summarizes that the broader implication is that the economic liberalization models adopted by governments in the region in the wake of the Arab Spring have significant implications for the future direction of party systems and democratic reform.
This monograph provides a concise introduction to the main results and methods of the fixed point theory in modular function spaces. Modular function spaces are natural generalizations of both function and sequence variants of many important spaces like Lebesgue, Orlicz, Musielak-Orlicz, Lorentz, Orlicz-Lorentz, Calderon-Lozanovskii spaces, and others. In most cases, particularly in applications to integral operators, approximation and fixed point results, modular type conditions are much more natural and can be more easily verified than their metric or norm counterparts. There are also important results that can be proved only using the apparatus of modular function spaces. The material is presented in a systematic and rigorous manner that allows readers to grasp the key ideas and to gain a working knowledge of the theory. Despite the fact that the work is largely self-contained, extensive bibliographic references are included, and open problems and further development directions are suggested when applicable. The monograph is targeted mainly at the mathematical research community but it is also accessible to graduate students interested in functional analysis and its applications. It could also serve as a text for an advanced course in fixed point theory of mappings acting in modular function spaces.
Introduction to Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology is the first textbook to blend modern tools of organic chemistry with concepts of biology, physiology, and medicine. With a focus on human cell biology and a problems-driven approach, the text explains the combinatorial architecture of biooligomers (genes, DNA, RNA, proteins, glycans, lipids, and terpenes) as the molecular engine for life. Accentuated by rich illustrations and mechanistic arrow pushing, organic chemistry is used to illuminate the central dogma of molecular biology. Introduction to Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in chemistry and molecular biology, as well as those going into medicine and pharmaceutical science.
This new and important international source of information brings together leading-edge research dedicated to monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) are: antibodies of exceptional purity and specificity; components of the immune system; able to recognise and bind to a specific antigen. Monoclonal antibodies are currently utilised in many diagnostic procedures, including: measuring protein and drug levels in serum; typing tissue and blood; identifying infectious agents; identifying clusters of differentiation for the classification and follow-up therapy of leukaemias and lymphomas; identifying tumour antigens and auto-antibodies; identifying the specific cells involved in the immune response; identifying and quantifying hormones. For example, monoclonal antibodies (MABs or MOABs) work on cancer cells in the same way natural antibodies work, by identifying and binding to the target cells. They then alert other cells in the immune system to the presence of the cancer cells. MABs are specific for a particular antigen-one designed for a B-cell lymphoma will not work on cells for ovarian cancer cells for example.
The book contains seven survey papers about ordinary differential equations.The common feature of all papers consists in the fact that nonlinear equations are focused on. This reflects the situation in modern mathematical modelling - nonlinear mathematical models are more realistic and describe the real world problems more accurately. The implications are that new methods and approaches have to be looked for, developed and adopted in order to understand and solve nonlinear ordinary differential equations.The purpose of this volume is to inform the mathematical community and also other scientists interested in and using the mathematical apparatus of ordinary differential equations, about some of these methods and possible applications.
Sets the stage for the development of better diagnostic techniques and therapeutics Featuring contributions from an international team of leading clinicians and biomedical researchers, Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress reviews the molecular and chemical bases of oxidative stress, describing how oxidative stress can lead to the development of cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it explains the potential role of free radicals in both the diagnosis and the development of therapeutics to treat disease. Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress is logically organized, beginning with a comprehensive discussion of the fundamental chemistry of reactive species. Next, the book: Presents new mechanistic insights into how oxidative damage of biomolecules occurs Examines how these oxidative events effect cellular metabolism Investigates the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, and cystic fibrosis Explores opportunities to improve the diagnosis of disease and the design of new therapeutic agents Readers will find much novel information, including new radical chemistries and the latest discoveries of how free radicals react with biomolecules. The contributors also present recent findings that help us better understand the initiation of oxidative stress and the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Throughout the book, the use of molecular structures helps readers better understand redox chemistry. In addition, plenty of detailed figures illustrate the mechanisms of oxidative stress and disease pathogenesis. Examining everything from the basic chemistry of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of disease, Molecular Basis of Oxidative Stress will help readers continue to explore the nature of oxidative stress and then use that knowledge to develop new approaches to prevent, detect, and treat a broad range of disease conditions.
Dietary Fiber for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Fiber's Interaction between Gut Micoflora, Sugar Metabolism, Weight Control and Cardiovascular Health compiles the most up-to-date research discoveries to provide a timely and scientific rationale for the significant impact of a fiber rich diet for the prevention of heart disease. By focusing on the science behind how fiber, both soluble and insoluble can lead to lower rates of heart disease, this important reference will educate researchers, cardiologists, medical providers and students on how to improve patients' hearts via a fiber rich diet. Coverage includes the known mechanisms of how fiber works to reduce insulin resistance, control weight, reduce cholesterol by binding with bile, maintain stable glucose levels and influence gut microflora. - Explains how fiber affects cardiovascular disease through the influence on insulin resistance, reduction of cholesterol, change in gut microflora and in weight control - Provides thorough coverage of the effect of fiber on arrhythmias and valvular abnormalities - Includes information on the indirect relationship between constipation and heart disease
Brand focuses on three countries--Jordan, Tunisia, and Morocco--with special attention to issues such as access to contraception and abortion, labor, pension, criminal legislation, protection against harassment and violence, and the degree of women's participation in government.
Through nine outstanding editions, Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy has been the gold standard text in this fast-changing, complex field. Published in association with the Society for Vascular Surgery, this state-of-the-art reference by Drs. Anton N. Sidawy and Bruce A. Perler is a must-have for vascular surgeons, interventionalists, vascular medicine specialists, and trainees, as well as general surgeons, interventional radiologists, and cardiologists that depend upon "Rutherford’s" in their practice. It offers authoritative guidance from the most respected and innovative global thought leaders and clinical and basic science experts in the diagnosis and treatment of circulatory disease. Incorporates medical, endovascular, and surgical treatment, as well as diagnostic techniques, decision making, and fundamental vascular biology. Features all vascular imaging techniques, offering a non-invasive evaluation of both the morphology and hemodynamics of the vascular system. Provides unparalleled insight from multidisciplinary leaders worldwide, who share their expertise on the most appropriate contemporary and future treatment of circulatory disease. Employs a full-color layout and images so you can view clinical and physical findings and operative techniques more vividly. Includes 40 new chapters incorporating a shorter, more focused format with a summary for each chapter that provides a quick access to key information – ideal for consultation situations as well as daily practice. Some of these chapters are organized in new sections dedicated to open operative exposure and vessel dissection techniques, diabetic foot, Pediatric Vascular Disease, and practice management issues; areas in the specialty that clinicians frequently face but seldom detailed in other vascular texts nor in earlier Rutherford editions. Covers hot topics such as endovascular therapy of aortic arch and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm disease, including the evolving management of aortic dissections. Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
This new and important international source of information beings together leading-edge research dedicated to monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are: antibodies of exceptional purity and specificity; components of the immune system; able to recognise and bind to a specific antigen. Monoclonal antibodies are currently utilised in many diagnostic procedures, including: measuring protein and drug levels in serum; typing tissue and blood; identifying infectious agents; identifying clusters of differentiation for the classification and follow-up therapy of leukaemias and lymphomas; identifying tumour antigens and auto-antibodies; identifying the specific cells involved in the immune response; identifying and quantifying hormones. For example, monoclonal antibodies (MABs or MOABs) work on cancer cells in the same way natural antibodies work, by identifying and binding to the target cells. They then alert other cells in the immune system to the presence of the cancer cells. MABs are specific for a particular antigen-one designed for a B-cell lymphoma will not work on cells for ovarian cancer cells for example.
This Research Note collects reports of the invited plenary addresses given during the conference Elliptic and Parabolic Partial Differential Equations and Applications held in Capri, Italy, 19-23 September 1994. The conference was devoted to new developments in partial differential equations of elliptic and parabolic type and to their applications in various fields.
Multivariable complex analysis and harmonic analysis provide efficient techniques to study many applied mathematical problems. The main objective of a conference held in Bordeaux in June 1995, in honour of Professor Roger Gay, was to connect these mathematical fields with some of their applications. This was also the guideline for the fourteen contributions collected in this volume. Besides presenting new results, each speaker made a substantial effort in order to present an up to date survey of his field of research. All the subjects presented here are very active domains of research: integral geometry (with its relation to X-ray tomography), classical harmonic analysis and orthogonal polynomials, pluricomplex potential theory (with its deep connection with polynomial approximation), complex analytic methods in the theory of partial differentiable operators with constant coefficients (in the spirit of those initiated by Leon Ehrenpreis), Calderon-Zygmund operators and nonlinear operators, oscillatory integrals and resonance, and finally multivariable residue theory in its most recent developments. It is hoped that the reader will find enough insight in the different survey papers presented here to become involved with one of these subjects or to pursue further applications.
Encyclopedic, definitive, and state-of-the-art in the field of vascular disease and its medical, surgical, and interventional management, Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy offers authoritative guidance from the most respected and innovative global thought leaders and clinical and basic science experts of our time. The thoroughly revised 10th Edition, published in association with the Society for Vascular Surgery and authored by multidisciplinary and international contributors, is an outstanding reference for vascular surgeons, vascular medicine specialists, interventional radiologists and cardiologists, and their trainees who depend upon Rutherford's in their practice. Under the expert editorial guidance of Drs. Anton N. Sidawy and Bruce A. Perler, it is quite simply the most complete and most reliable resource available on the art and science of circulatory diseases. - Incorporates fundamental vascular biology, diagnostic techniques, and decision making as well as medical, endovascular, and surgical treatment of vascular disease. - Features numerous concise and comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms vital to patient evaluation and management. - Covers all vascular imaging techniques, offering a non-invasive evaluation of both the morphology and hemodynamics of the vascular system. - Employs a full-color layout, images and online videos, so readers can view clinical and physical findings and operative techniques more vividly. - Contains fully updated and more concise chapters with a focused format and summary for each that provides a quick access to key information—ideal for consultation as well as daily practice. - Includes expanded coverage of the business of vascular surgery, including a new section on the use of technology platforms and social media, and new chapters on telemedicine, the development and operation of outpatient dialysis centers and multispecialty cardiovascular centers, vascular information on the internet, and much more. - Provides new content on key topics such as endovascular treatment of complex aortic disease, acute vascular occlusion in the pediatric population, outpatient vascular care, and anatomic surgical exposures for open surgical reconstructions. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
The safety, effectiveness, and utility of medical nanorobotic devices will critically depend upon their biocompatibility with human organs, tissues, cells, and biochemical systems. In this Volume, we broaden the definition of nanomedical biocompatibility to include all of the mechanical, physiological, immunological, cytological, and biochemical re
This book presents a collection of selected contributions on recent results in nonlinear partial differential equations from participants to an international conference held in Fes, Morocco in 1994. The emphasis is on nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems, but there are also papers deveoted to related areas such as monotone operator theory, calculus of variations, Hamiltonian systems and periodic solutions. Some of the papers are exhaustive surveys, while others contain new results,published here for the first time. This book will be of particular interest to graduate or postgraduate students as well as to specialists in these areas.
This volume contains a selection of contributions by prominent mathematicians from the many interesting presentations delivered at the Conference of Mathematics and Mathematical Physics that was held in Fez, Morocco during the period of 28-30 October, 2008. Readers will find that this volume merges different approaches in nonlinear analysis, and covers, in a broad and balanced fashion, both the theoretical and numerical aspects of the subject. Graduate students, researchers and professionals with interest in the subject will find it useful while keeping abreast with the latest advancements in this field.
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