A Ajil's Books

Why Are So Many Americans in Prison?

By: Steven Raphael,Michael A. Stoll

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Why Are So Many Americans in Prison?

By: Steven Raphael,Michael A. Stoll

Between 1975 and 2007, the American incarceration rate increased nearly fivefold, a historic increase that puts the United States in a league of its own among advanced economies. We incarcerate more people today than we ever have, and we stand out as the nation that most frequently uses incarceration to punish those who break the law. What factors explain the dramatic rise in incarceration rates in such a short period of time? In Why Are So Many Americans in Prison? Steven Raphael and Michael A. Stoll analyze the shocking expansion of America’s prison system and illustrate the pressing need to rethink mass incarceration in this country. Raphael and Stoll carefully evaluate changes in crime patterns, enforcement practices and sentencing laws to reach a sobering conclusion: So many Americans are in prison today because we have chosen, through our public policies, to put them there. They dispel the notion that a rise in crime rates fueled the incarceration surge; in fact, crime rates have steadily declined to all-time lows. There is also little evidence for other factors commonly offered to explain the prison boom, such as the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill since the 1950s, changing demographics, or the crack-cocaine epidemic. By contrast, Raphael and Stoll demonstrate that legislative changes to a relatively small set of sentencing policies explain nearly all prison growth since the 1980s. So-called tough on crime laws, including mandatory minimum penalties and repeat offender statutes, have increased the propensity to punish more offenders with lengthier prison sentences. Raphael and Stoll argue that the high-incarceration regime has inflicted broad social costs, particularly among minority communities, who form a disproportionate share of the incarcerated population. Why Are So Many Americans in Prison? ends with a powerful plea to consider alternative crime control strategies, such as expanded policing, drug court programs, and sentencing law reform, which together can end our addiction to incarceration and still preserve public safety. As states confront the budgetary and social costs of the incarceration boom, Why Are So Many Americans in Prison? provides a revealing and accessible guide to the policies that created the era of mass incarceration and what we can do now to end it.

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Page Count

337

Publisher

Russell Sage Foundation

Published Date

ISBN 10

1610448162

ISBN 13

9781610448161

Stress, Crowding, and Blood Pressure in Prison

By: Adrian M. Ostfeld,Stanislav V. Kasl,David A. D'Atri,Edward F. Fitzgerald

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Stress, Crowding, and Blood Pressure in Prison

By: Adrian M. Ostfeld,Stanislav V. Kasl,David A. D'Atri,Edward F. Fitzgerald

Originally published in 1987, the purpose of Stress, Crowding, and Blood Pressure in Prison was to present, in a single location, the rationale, background, methods, principal results, analyses, interpretations, and conclusions of the authors’ studies at Massachusetts correctional institutions. Employing a longitudinal method for studying 568 inmates, the authors drew on psychological, social and health sciences assessments to identify the effects of housing mode, prison employment, leisure activities, disciplinary actions, and personal and sociodemographic characteristics to identify what was particularly stressful for inmates. A parallel study of prison staff and a specific series of conclusions and recommendations concludes the book.

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Page Count

268

Publisher

Taylor & Francis

Published Date

ISBN 10

1000968006

ISBN 13

9781000968002

Making Preparations for Your Prison Journey (What Your Attorney Can’T Tell You)

By: Sheryl A. Loftis

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Making Preparations for Your Prison Journey (What Your Attorney Can’T Tell You)

By: Sheryl A. Loftis

This book is written for all of the women and men that are already incarcerated and for those who are getting ready to take a journey to prison. So many times we wonder how could I have gotten myself into this mess or why me? My answer to you is why not you? A person sentenced to a term in prison, can either do their time or let their time do them. Although, you feel whats the use, I have no control over anything that happens. I disagree; your control lies in the Masters Hands. Its not so much your going to prison, but it is what you do while you are in prison. Women and men alike go to prison with the mentality Im bad or I can make it through this, but not so. Im sure you have heard the saying, make the money, dont let the money make you, well the same it is with prison. Do your time, dont let the time do you, because whether you believe it or not, time can and will do you. How do I know? I am glad you asked. Anyone that goes to prison whether guilty or innocence, once they are released and return back to prison or if they are bitter and not better; guess what, they did not do the time the time did them.

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Xlibris Corporation

Published Date

ISBN 10

1503596591

ISBN 13

9781503596597

Alcatraz Island Prison and the Men Who Live There

By: James A. Johnston

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Alcatraz Island Prison and the Men Who Live There

By: James A. Johnston

Alcatraz is possibly the most famous prison that has ever existed, here is a fascinating history of this island in San Francisco bay, with interviews and biographies of some of the notorious people who called it home.

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339

Publisher

Read Books Ltd

Published Date

ISBN 10

1473385547

ISBN 13

9781473385542

Provisional Measures before International Courts and Tribunals

By: Cameron A. Miles

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Provisional Measures before International Courts and Tribunals

By: Cameron A. Miles

2 Dispute Settlement Under UNCLOS

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Page Count

591

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1107125596

ISBN 13

9781107125599

Abbreviations Dictionary

By: Dean A. Stahl,Karen Landen

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Abbreviations Dictionary

By: Dean A. Stahl,Karen Landen

Published in 2001: Abbreviations, nicknames, jargon, and other short forms save time, space, and effort - provided they are understood. Thousands of new and potentially confusing terms become part of the international vocabulary each year, while our communications are relayed to one another with increasing speed. PDAs link to PCs. The Net has grown into data central, shopping mall, and grocery store all rolled into one. E-mail is faster than snail mail, cell phones are faster yet - and it is all done 24/7. Longtime and widespread use of certain abbreviations, such as R.S.V.P., has made them better understood standing alone than spelled out. Certainly we are more comfortable saying DNA than deoxyribonucleic acid - but how many people today really remember what the initials stand for? The Abbreviations Dictionary, Tenth Edition gives you this and other information from Airlines of the World to the Zodiacal Signs.

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Page Count

1549

Publisher

CRC Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1351829815

ISBN 13

9781351829816

Criminal Behavior

By: Elaine Cassel,Douglas A. Bernstein

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Criminal Behavior

By: Elaine Cassel,Douglas A. Bernstein

Criminal Behavior explores crime as a developmental process from birth through early adulthood. It further examines the role that legal, political, and criminal justice systems play in the development of criminal behavior.

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Page Count

401

Publisher

Psychology Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1135614768

ISBN 13

9781135614768

Health in Prisons

A WHO Guide to the Essentials in Prison Health

By: A. Gatherer,World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe

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Health in Prisons

A WHO Guide to the Essentials in Prison Health

By: A. Gatherer,World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe

Based on the experience of many countries in the WHO European Region and the advice of experts, this guide outlines some of the steps prison systems should take to reduce the public health risks from compulsory detention in often unhealthy situations, to care for prisoners in need and to promote the health of prisoners and prison staff. This requires that everyone working in prisons understand how imprisonment affects health, what prisoners' health needs are, and how evidence-based health services can be provided for everyone needing treatment, care and prevention in prison. Other essential elements are being aware of and accepting internationally recommended standards for prison health; providing professional care with the same adherence to professional ethics as in other health services; and, while seeing individual needs as the central feature of the care provided, promoting a whole-prison approach to care and promoting the health and well-being of people in custody.

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Page Count

198

Publisher

WHO Regional Office Europe

Published Date

ISBN 10

9289072806

ISBN 13

9789289072809

Ain't Scared of Your Jail

Arrest, Imprisonment, and the Civil Rights Movement

By: Zoe A Colley

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Ain't Scared of Your Jail

Arrest, Imprisonment, and the Civil Rights Movement

By: Zoe A Colley

Imprisonment became a badge of honor for many protestors during the civil rights movement. With the popularization of expressions such as "jail-no-bail" and "jail-in," civil rights activists sought to transform arrest and imprisonment from something to be feared to a platform for the cause. Beyond Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letters from the Birmingham Jail," there has been little discussion on the incarceration experiences of civil rights activists. In her debut book, Zoe Colley does what no historian has done before by following civil rights activists inside the southern jails and prisons to explore their treatment and the different responses that civil rights organizations had to mass arrest and imprisonment. Colley focuses on the shift in philosophical and strategic responses of civil rights protestors from seeing jail as something to be avoided to seeing it as a way to further the cause. Imprisonment became a way to expose the evils of segregation, and highlighted to the rest of American society the injustice of southern racism. By drawing together the narratives of many individuals and organizations, Colley paints a clearer picture how the incarceration of civil rights activists helped shape the course of the movement. She places imprisonment at the forefront of civil rights history and shows how these new attitudes toward arrest continue to impact contemporary society and shape strategies for civil disobedience.

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172

Publisher

University Press of Florida

Published Date

ISBN 10

081304264X

ISBN 13

9780813042640

Legal Aspects of Corrections Management

By: Clair A. Cripe,Michael G. Pearlman

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Legal Aspects of Corrections Management

By: Clair A. Cripe,Michael G. Pearlman

This book covers all facets of the legal environment of prison and jail administration in clear, non-technical fashion. Most of the book is devoted to a detailed presentation of what the law has said about specific areas of corrections operations and practices.

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Page Count

544

Publisher

Jones & Bartlett Learning

Published Date

ISBN 10

0763725455

ISBN 13

9780763725457

Inter-war Penal Policy and Crime in England

The Dartmoor Convict Prison Riot, 1932

By: A. Brown

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Inter-war Penal Policy and Crime in England

The Dartmoor Convict Prison Riot, 1932

By: A. Brown

An exploration of the 1932 prison riot in Dartmoor Convict Prison. One of the most notorious and destructive in English prison history, it received unprecedented public and media attention. This book examines the causes, events and consequences to shed new light on prison cultures and violence as well as penal policy and public attitudes.

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273

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

1137306173

ISBN 13

9781137306173

In the Mix

Struggle and Survival in a Women's Prison

By: Barbara A. Owen

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In the Mix

Struggle and Survival in a Women's Prison

By: Barbara A. Owen

Describes life inside the world's largest women's prison, from the point of view of the women themselves.

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Page Count

240

Publisher

SUNY Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0791436071

ISBN 13

9780791436073

Reservations in Unilateral Declarations Accepting the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice

By: Alexandrov

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Reservations in Unilateral Declarations Accepting the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice

By: Alexandrov

This study examines the reservations to the acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction included in declarations made by States under Article 36(2) of the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and of the Statute of the International Court of Justice and discusses the practical application by the Court of the principle of reciprocity to such reservations in contentious cases submitted to it under Article 36(2). It has been considered that, due to acceptance conditioned by so many diverse, and complicated reservations, the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court has been declining in significance. The recent trend of acceptance of the compulsory jurisdiction does not support such a conclusion. Since the practice of making declarations with reservations has continued, further study of the Court's jurisprudence in dealing with such reservations seems necessary. This analysis attempts to show that reservations in unilateral declarations do not contribute to the decline of the Optional Clause. In fact, reservations provide for the flexibility which many States consider essential in accepting the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice. Thus, the right to include a variety of reservations in unilateral declarations may in fact contribute to the wider acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction.

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187

Publisher

Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

Published Date

ISBN 10

9004632336

ISBN 13

9789004632332

Wanted

Historic County Jails of Texas

By: Edward A. Blackburn

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Historic County Jails of Texas

By: Edward A. Blackburn

Along with the settlement of the Texas frontier came rustlers, public drunks, gunfighters, and other outlaws. A jail in which to incarcerate the lawbreakers was thus often the first public building raised in a new town. Later, as government developed, public buildings—notably county courthouses and jails—assumed not only practical but also symbolic importance. The architecture of these buildings in the nineteenth century reflected the power and status with which the community imbued the government; many of the same architects applied the aesthetic standards of the day to both. In later years, the safety and at least limited comfort of the prisoners became concerns and jails were remodeled or abandoned to other uses in favor of modern, more utilitarian structures. In this heavily illustrated guide to the historic county jails of Texas, Ed Blackburn Jr. takes readers to each of the 254 counties in the state, presenting brief histories and of the counties and their structures that housed their criminals. He provides general information about the architecture and location of the buildings and, when possible, describes the present uses of those that have been decommissioned. Interviews with local officials, historians, and newspaper publishers have yielded colorful anecdotes for many of the jails. Revealing photographs of many of the old jails have been gathered from local and archival sources, and Blackburn himself has taken pictures of extant buildings. Together, these words and images not only provide a survey of the way Texans have housed their criminals, but also, with the aid of thumbnail maps of county locations, offer residents and tourists throughout the state a guide to a fascinating aspect of architectural and cultural history.

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Page Count

425

Publisher

Texas A&M University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1585444987

ISBN 13

9781585444984

Book's by A Ajil

Why Are So Many Americans in Prison?

Why Are So Many Americans in Prison?

Stress, Crowding, and Blood Pressure in Prison

Stress, Crowding, and Blood Pressure in Prison

Making Preparations for Your Prison Journey (What Your Attorney Can’T Tell You)

Making Preparations for Your Prison Journey (What Your Attorney Can’T Tell You)

Alcatraz Island Prison and the Men Who Live There

Alcatraz Island Prison and the Men Who Live There

Provisional Measures before International Courts and Tribunals

Provisional Measures before International Courts and Tribunals

Abbreviations Dictionary

Abbreviations Dictionary

Criminal Behavior

Criminal Behavior

Health in Prisons

Health in Prisons

Ain't Scared of Your Jail

Ain't Scared of Your Jail

Legal Aspects of Corrections Management

Legal Aspects of Corrections Management

Inter-war Penal Policy and Crime in England

Inter-war Penal Policy and Crime in England

In the Mix

In the Mix

Reservations in Unilateral Declarations Accepting the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice

Reservations in Unilateral Declarations Accepting the Compulsory Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice

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