The yields of agricultural crops can be significantly increased through good management practices including effective pollination. Cucurbits mainly depend on insects for pollination because the male and female organs do not occur in the same flower and pollen grains are large and sticky to be carried by wind. Chow-chow is commonly called as chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq) Sw.) belongs to family Cucurbitaceae. The efficacy of different species of honey bees viz., Apis cerana, A. mellifera, A. florea and T. iridipennis in cross-pollination of chow-chow was studied during summer 2001 at Regional Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. Activity of different insect pollinators including honey bee species and their influence on fruit set, fruit quality and seed quality parameters were studied. The quantity and quality of nectar from pistillate and staminate flowers was also estimated to know its impact on foraging activity. At flowering, chow-chow crop was frequently visited by 26 insect species of which 14 belonged to the order; Hymenoptera and four each belong to order Diptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Apis dorsata, A. cerana indica, A. florea and Trigona iridipennis which accounted more than 82 per cent of the total insect pollinators visiting chow-chow crop. Significantly maximum fruit set was found in open pollinated plots (81%) and the lowest was found in control plots (10.5%). Among the honey bee species, maximum fruit set was found in A. florea caged plots (78%) and the lowest was found in T. iridipennis caged plots (61%).
This book advances biomedical innovations to address the plethora of health problems afflicting the developing world. A panoply of cultural, economic, infrastructural, and other factors prevent many interventions currently popular in the developed world from being similarly effective in the developing world. This book discusses less-traditional approaches, such as naturally based biomaterials and therapeutics, an area that has traditionally been overlooked but has also demonstrated impressive potential for health applications in recent years. This book explores precisely the kinds of applications which can enable countries like India to access more effective, inexpensive treatments while also taking more ownership of their healthcare technologies and innovations.
The book tries to portray sericulture, as a crop enterprise, and which is emerged as one of the foremost view in the theoretical and methodological understanding in the disciplines of Sociology and Social Anthropology in India. Thus, anthropological analysis of sericulture and its emergence in the development literature gives us an idea of the activity leads to further theoretical and critical studies. Anthropological understanding of the sericulture and its development, thus, is explained thoroughly as studied by the scholars of the different disciplines in across the states of India. Sericulture is best suited to a country like India where manpower and land resources are in surplus. It generates direct and indirect employment in various ways. More and more farmers in India have taken up sericulture activity and which was once confined to only five States, has spread to almost all the States of India. Sericulture also creates gainful employment to women and aged people at homes with minimum risk. Thus, the analysis clearly establishes the importance of sericulture over other crops in the generation of fresh employment opportunities in rural areas. Further, as a predominant sector of rural development, stability is the vital need of sericulture enterprise. In the book, an attempt is made to understand the anthropological/sociological view of development. The book is interdisciplinary in nature and will be useful to scholars and students of Anthropology, Sociology, Economics, Social Work, Rural Development, Gender Studies and Development Studies.
The book tries to portray sericulture, as a crop enterprise, and which is emerged as one of the foremost view in the theoretical and methodological understanding in the disciplines of Sociology and Social Anthropology in India. Thus, anthropological analysis of sericulture and its emergence in the development literature gives us an idea of the activity leads to further theoretical and critical studies. Anthropological understanding of the sericulture and its development, thus, is explained thoroughly as studied by the scholars of the different disciplines in across the states of India. Sericulture is best suited to a country like India where manpower and land resources are in surplus. It generates direct and indirect employment in various ways. More and more farmers in India have taken up sericulture activity and which was once confined to only five States, has spread to almost all the States of India. Sericulture also creates gainful employment to women and aged people at homes with minimum risk. Thus, the analysis clearly establishes the importance of sericulture over other crops in the generation of fresh employment opportunities in rural areas. Further, as a predominant sector of rural development, stability is the vital need of sericulture enterprise. In the book, an attempt is made to understand the anthropological/sociological view of development. The book is interdisciplinary in nature and will be useful to scholars and students of Anthropology, Sociology, Economics, Social Work, Rural Development, Gender Studies and Development Studies.
This book advances biomedical innovations to address the plethora of health problems afflicting the developing world. A panoply of cultural, economic, infrastructural, and other factors prevent many interventions currently popular in the developed world from being similarly effective in the developing world. This book discusses less-traditional approaches, such as naturally based biomaterials and therapeutics, an area that has traditionally been overlooked but has also demonstrated impressive potential for health applications in recent years. This book explores precisely the kinds of applications which can enable countries like India to access more effective, inexpensive treatments while also taking more ownership of their healthcare technologies and innovations.
Dimensions of Social Exclusion focuses largely on social exclusion in the context of communities and social groups who have or have not been considered in discussing the benefits of mainstream inclusive society or development. Contemporary understanding of social exclusion has revived great interest among academics, researchers and policy makers in understanding problems from the perspectives of social exclusion. The decision to adopt the perspective of social exclusion has not been universal; rather the nature of this is very heterogeneous. In addition, the concept of social exclusion is not static; in reality, it is a process. The process is seen in the marginalization and discrimination of people in their everyday lives and interactions. The term ‘exclusion’ has become a part of the vocabulary in Europe and other developing societies like ‘poverty’ or ‘unemployment’; it is one of those words which seem to have both an everyday meaning and an underlying sense. It emphasizes the social aspects of concerns such as housing, health, employment, education, participation in social activities and festivities, social interaction and social intercourse. It excludes certain communities and groups from interaction and access to social resources through social arrangements, normative value systems and customs. Exclusion based on caste is one example and patriarchy is another, which is a form of systemic or constitutive exclusion. Having social, cultural, political and economic ramifications, it is also a complex and multi-dimensional concept. These dimensions are interwoven and are addressed in the different papers of the volume. This book revolves around the societal interventions and institutions that exclude, discriminate, isolate and deprive some groups on the basis of group identities such as caste or ethnicity. It covers a wide spectrum of societies and communities living in various cultural environments. The multidisciplinary nature of the book will render it helpful to students and researchers of sociology, anthropology, historical and political studies, demography, social work and gender studies in particular and the humanities in general.
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